plm chapter1 question bank solution

8/9/2019 PLM Chapter1 Question Bank Solution

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Chapter 1 Saurav Dhyani

1. PLM is a new productivity wave. What do you understand by it and how it is driven byLean thinking approach?

In PLM we create New things to do that drive a New wave of productivity Some waves of Productivity are driven by innovations like

Steam engine Automobile Computer

Other productivity waves are driven by the way we do things like Assembly Line Lean Manufacturing

PLM was first started in Automotive, Aerospace and Electronic industries which manufacturedvery complex products and then it diversed to Consumer Packaged Goods Industrial Goods,Medical Devices and Pharmaceuticals.

PLM is driven by Lean Thinking as:-PLM is Outcome of Lean Thinking.Lean thinking is a continuation of Lean Manufacturing.

Lean Manufacturing eliminated wastages during all stages of manufacturing.PLM eliminates Waste & Inefficiency across all aspects of Products life, not solely in itsmanufacturePLM thus take Lean to next level.

2. In PLM concept, information can be substituted for wasted Time, Energy and Material.Illustrate with the help of a diagram.

Time, Energy, Material and Information are not directly comparable because they all havedifferent units of measure

However if he place a value on them, we can compare because now each can be translated in toa cost and such cost can be compared

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On the right bar, there are three components of that task Lower part of the bar represents the cost function of time, energy and material [ C(t,e,m)]; that we

would expend if we did the task in the most efficient manner possible We waste no material, time to perform is least possible and the energy used is minimum This is the optimal lean task

The middle part of the bar is execution inefficiencies that develop because though we know theoptimal procedures to perform the task, we do not do it properly Example is to design a part but to forget including one of the functions which leads to redesigning Or drill the hole in a wrong place leading to scrap Top part of the bar represents the information inefficiencies This is the inefficient or wasted use of time, energy and material because we just do not have the

information required to do the task efficiently Example We do not know how to get all the functions incorporated into a single design without

trial and error On the left bar we show the relative impact on costs of information replacing inefficient or wasted

time, energy and material Bottom part of the right bar is still the same optimal use of time, energy and material for the task The middle part of the right bar execution inefficiencies is still the same The top part of the right bar is where information can replace the inefficient or wasted use time,

energy and material (shown on the op part of the left bar) CAD and Engineering specification make it possible to drill the hole in the exact place so that it

will fit perfectly every time with another part, with no wastages involved

3. (a) Computer technology plays a vital role in the implementation of PLM. What major developments in computer technology have helped the implementation of PLM?

OR

4. (a) Computer technology plays a vital role in the implementation of PLM. Explain withillustrations in what way the computer technology development has been instrumental insuccessful implementation of PLM.

Advanced Computing applications have migrated to standard Personnel computers There is a corresponding increase in storage and bandwidth Storage increases are occurring faster than the processor chip density increases Storage densities are doubling every 12 months Bandwidth is on a similar trajectory 1960 10 characters (110 bps) was fastest speed Now we have speeds in mega bits Internet has affected PLM directly and indirectly Internet allows access for anyone from anywhere Large organizations have changed to internet standards in place of proprietary ones Computers with GUI can interface with us in a form more familiar to us Computers not only stored sounds and movies but actively create and manipulate them to

enhance efficiency Computers enabled the initial applications of PLM Computers not only stored sounds and movies but actively create and manipulate them to

enhance efficiency Computers enabled the initial applications of PLM Future PLM will demand that computer technology grows unabatedIn this question you have to do fakalogi on the advancement in computer technology



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5. (a)What do you understand by virtualization of objects? How does it help inimplementation of PLM?

If we have a blue cup before us, we can close our eyes and imagine this look up We can also imagine to rotate the cup and see its bottom We can modify the design by wrapping a gold band around the top We can also do simulation by thinking the cup sliding the along the table, off the edge, and on to

the floor

Two Limitations Virtualization is limited to simple objects like cup and not to the machine parts This virtualization can not be shared with others. At best, we can describe the image we

would like others to virtualized We needed a physical object to be shown or use words to describe it to others This is a slow process, prone to errors as it relies on the accurate description and

capability of others to interpret this description

We learned to capture the visual features through models and drawings to abstract informationsuch as length, width, depth and weight which could be describe numerically

These drawings with the abstracted numerical information was used to make plans so that otherscould replicate the physical objects accurately

6. What is the distinction between process & practice? Which of the two is desirable toimprove productivity? Explain with the help of a model.

OR7. What do you understand by Art, Practice & Process? Differentiate between them. Which

one of these should be implemented and why?

Under the system theory, process is a deterministic way of linking inputs to outputs For any given set of inputs, we get a well specified and consistent set of outputs In an organization we may have engineering processes, purchasing processes, manufacturing

processes, order to delivery processes and sales processes If we have all these processes why do we have such problems in getting consistent outputs from

the same set of outputs? Reality is that we do not have only processes, as much as we would like to have, but instead we

have a spectrum of Processes Practices Art



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At the left end of the spectrum, we have Art We make substantial judgments about the inputs. We cannot explain very well why we do the things to the inputs, the way we do. Lot of possible outputs are produced and just how well they match with the desire course We select output that we decide are acceptable without verifying the quality and quantity. Developing and advertising campaign is an Art Lot of different inputs are considered Number of possible advertising forms are available Then we select the one we want, However it may not produce the desire effect We then go over the entire exercise all over again Organizations try to minimize Art Art by definition is not well understood Art is inefficient Art leads to inconsistent results and a great deal of uncertainty Organizations try to move Art in the spectrum towards processes

Between the art and processes, we have most common forms of an organization practices With practices the inputs are well defined as are the outputs. What is not well defined is how the inputs are processed into outputs There is large amount of judgment and experience of past actions for selecting and transforming

inputs to outputs Processes take place in a reasonably controlled environments where as practices do not With practices, the context in which they take place adds to the complexity To similar situations might be dealt with differently For example: A doctor may dingoes the symptoms of a patient very differently if he knew the old

history of the patient

At the right end of the spectrum is process The hallmark of a process is that it can be fully scripted or coded If we put a piece of material of a specific quality in to machine A, run machine A at a certain

speed and duration, we get a part that always meets certain specifications PLM will encourage the increase of productivity and efficiency by examining the practices

within the organization and making information explicit This explicating and structuring of information will allow those practices to be move to the

right on the spectrum and made in to processes PLM is a two step process

First, move practices to processes were possible by making information explicit.This will free people to concentrate on practices were context and judgment areimportant and where the procedure can not be codified or made routine



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Second, ensure that PLM will enable and facilitate practices to make them moreproductive

8. (a) What are the three different categories of Practices? Discuss giving advantages anddisadvantages of each.

Best practices consist of three distinct categories: Best Processes: which are not really practices at all but are highly defined processes.

Machine routine can be a best process Ideal Practices: they defined the ideal practice under ideal circumstances. Freezing the

design early in the design cycle is an example of an ideal practiceHealthy Practices: these are practices which are effective in a wide variety of situations, circumstancesand contexts. The lead to Satisficing and not optimization


plm chapter1 question bank solution

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