plug-in electric vehicles are coming… is your utility ready? britta gross director, global energy...
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PLUG-IN ELECTRIC VEHICLES ARE COMING…IS YOUR UTILITY READY?Britta Gross
Director, Global Energy Systems and Infrastructure Commercialization
Increasing Electrification
Extended-Range Electric VehicleChevrolet Volt
BATTERYElectric Drive Driving (Gasoline or E85)
EXTENDED RANGEHUNDREDS of milesmiles40Up to
Pre-Production Volt:Engineering Test Drive – 13 Oct 2009
Charging and Infrastructure
GM/EPRI Utility CollaborationIncludes more than 50 Utilities… many the industry’s thought-leaders in electric transportation and grid interaction
Sacramento Municipal UD
San Diego Gas & Electric
PacifiCorp
Tri-State G&T
Hydro-Québec
Arkansas Electric Coop
Dairyland PowerConsumers Energy
Hoosier
Southern Company
EnWin NYPA
Central Hudson G&E
PSEGExelon
CPS Energy
BC Hydro
Southern California Edison
Hawaiian Electric Co.
Great Plains Energy
FirstEnergy Constellation Energy
Progress Energy
Northeast Utilities
NY ISO
PJM
Seattle City Light
Salt River Project
Austin Energy
Great River Energy
DTEConEd
EUROPE
Iberdrola, S.A.
Hydro One
Pepco Holdings, Inc.
Tennessee Valley Authority
Portland General Electric
Snohomish County PUD No. 1
Nebraska Public Power Dist.
We Energies
AEP
Duke EnergyAmeren Services
Hetch Hetchy Water and Power
Rochester G&E
LIPA
Pacific Gas & Electric
Golden Valley Electric Assn.
Manitoba Hydro
CenterPoint Energy
Lincoln Electric
Dominion Resources
United Illuminating
Avista Corp.
Madison G&E
Arizona Public Service
Six Things We Need to Get Right
• Market analysis
• Technical features
• Customer experience
• Public education
• Public policy
• Advanced features and new opportunities
Charging Power Levels• 120V (1.2 kW) charging
– Plugs into standard household outlet– Full charge in about eight hours (temperature dependent)– No additional equipment or installation (?)– Charge cord standard with the vehicle in NA
• 240V (3.3 kW) charging– Full charge in about three hours– Efficient and enables more opportunity to
drive electrically– Will usually require a one-time investment to
upgrade garage with dedicated 240V circuit
• Charger and control logic onboard the vehicle
• Designed for global voltages
120V Cordset
240V ChargeStation
Where Are the Cars?
0.00%
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Fleet Distribution during weekHome Residence Work School & Church Commercial Other Driving
Source of Data - 2001 National Household Travel Survey ; GM Data Analysis (Tate/Savagian) - SAE paper 2009-01-1311
Home Charging can be a real satisfier for consumers, but there is a lot of potential variability that we have to help manage…
• Garages can be filled with junk and need to be rearranged to make room for the charger
• Some garages already have washers/ dryers or refrigerators that operate on 220V lines but making room for additional line a challenge
• Locating charger on right or front of vehicle works better for some. But garage clutter is still an issue
How close is the nearest 120 V outlet? CAR FL0-20 ft 61% 87%20+ ft 39% 13%
Is 120V outlet a dedicated circuit? CAR FLYes 2% 8%No 98% 92%
What is the estimated cost to add the required circuit? (not including EVSE, panel upgrade or meter)? CAR FL
$100-$250 40% 46%$250-$500 47% 45%$500-$750 12% 5%$750+ 2% 4%
Does existing premise allow for the installation of a 120 V15 A dedicated circuit? CAR FL
Yes 86% 81%No 14% 19%
Progress Energy Home Survey: Carolinas (2,100) and Florida (3,400)
Add’l Costs:Panel upgrade ~$1,000EVSE ~$300-1,000Meter/submeter?
Is there an accessible dedicated 240 V/30 A (min) outletwithin 25 ft of where the vehicle is parked? CAR FL
Yes 5% 41%No 95% 59%
What is the estimated cost to add the required circuit? (not including EVSE, panel upgrade or meter) CAR FL
$100-$250 10% 35%$250-$500 60% 52%$500-$750 19% 8%$750+ 12% 6%
Does the existing premise allow for the installation of a240 V/30 A dedicated circuit? CAR FL
Yes 85% 80%No 15% 20%
Progress Energy Home Survey: Carolinas (2,100) and Florida (3,400)
Add’l Costs:Panel upgrade ~$1,000EVSE ~$300-1,000Meter/submeter?
2008 Gasoline vs. Electricity PricesAverage Gasoline Price$3.25/Gallon and Electricity 11.36¢/KwHr
$3.23/17.57¢
$3.21/17.50¢
$3.30/15.96¢
$3.20/15.69¢
$3.30/14.62¢
$3.42/19.36¢
$3.11/15.95¢
$3.46/18.79¢
$3.26/11.39¢
$3.36/11.07¢
$3.24/8.93¢
$3.18/10.13¢
$3.27/10.93¢
$3.26/11.60¢
$3.15/9.72¢
$3.12/8.98¢
$3.12/9.79¢
$3.04/8.03¢
$3.21/7.82¢
$3.24/7.48¢
$3.23/8.22¢
$3.17/13.91¢
$3.21/13.81¢
$3.28/11.67¢
$3.23/10.06¢
$3.35/12.68¢
$3.26/9.72¢
$3.12/9.99¢
$3.16/9.69¢
$3.34/7.03¢
$3.19/10.36¢
$3.20/7.97¢
$3.14/10.30¢
$3.15/8.81¢$3.13/9.46¢
$3.19/10.36¢
$3.07/9.25¢
$3.13/12.92¢
$3.21/10.25¢
$3.21/10.15¢
$3.30/7.01¢
$3.27/9.14¢
$3.34/11.93¢
$3.24/10.02¢
$3.28/8.30¢
$3.18/8.18¢
$3.53/14.40¢
$3.36/8.52¢
$3.42/7.58¢
$3.75/16.35¢
$3.76/32.50¢ Source: Oil Price Information Service
Source: Energy Information Administrationhttp://www.eia.doe.gov/fuelelectric.html
Top Priorities for Overall Utility Support:
• Consumer EV support (24/7 operator for EV charging questions)
• Residential infrastructure assistance Fast, convenient installation process that is affordable (i.e. satisfying)
Utility handles entire home installation process OR Coordination between Utility (meter) and 3rd party installer (EVSE)
• Outreach and leadership in readying regions for plug-in vehicles Key stakeholder outreach City/regional initiative to put enablers in place Consumer education
• Compelling consumer EV rates and easy sign-up process Inform customers of best options, preferred rates, green options
• Policy assistance (e.g. eased permitting, building codes, incentives)
• Expanded fleet purchases
Home Inspection EVSE Installation Meter Installation Permit/Inspection Rate Signup
Plug-in Ready Communities
• Dedicated project leader
• State, city, county
• Clean Cities Orgs/AQMD
• DOT
• Utilities (municipal and regional)
• Regulators/public utility commissions
• Permitting and code officials
• Local employers
• Local universities
Required Stakeholders
Plug-in Ready Communities
• Dedicated project leader
• State, city, county
• Clean Cities Orgs/AQMD
• DOT
• Utilities (municipal and regional)
• Regulators/public utility commissions
• Permitting and code officials
• Local employers
• Local universities
Desired Enablers
Government Fleet Purchases
Building Codes to Include Home
Charging Enablers
Green/Renewable Charging Options
Vehicle Purchase Incentives
Low Off-Peak Charging Rates(e.g. to encourage nighttime charging)
Game PlanInfrastructure/Incentives/Educational Outreach
Charging Installation Incentives
(Home, Work, Public)
HOV Lane Access
Free Charging
Free Parking
Required Stakeholders
What’s the Right Balance Between…Being Prepared and Being Positive?
Overly Concerned Not Concerned EnoughGrid can’t handle PEVs Grid can handle millions of
PEVs and utilities can easily keep up with PEV loads
Electricity will come from coal
Electricity is always cleaner than gasoline
Home charging/installation is fraught with problems that will dissatisfy consumers
It’s easy – find a normal household outlet and plug it in
There’s a real infrastructure challenge and we need to install lots of public charging
Just charge it at home – as it was intended
Volt will be too expensive Volt will fly out of dealer showrooms