pluralist model of public policy pre-election party policy think tanks public opinion interest...
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Pluralist model of public policy
Pre-electionparty policy
Think tanks
Public opinion
Interest groups
Lobbyists
Post electiongovernment policy Public policy
Civil servants
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Pluralist model of public policy
Pre-electionparty policy
Public oinion
Interest groups
Lobbyists
Post electiongovernment policy Public policy
Civil servants
![Page 3: Pluralist model of public policy Pre-election party policy Think tanks Public opinion Interest groups Lobbyists Post election government policy Public](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061520/56649e855503460f94b88150/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Pluralist model of public policy
Pre-electionparty policy
Interest groups
Lobbyists
Post electiongovernment policy Public policy
Civil servants
![Page 4: Pluralist model of public policy Pre-election party policy Think tanks Public opinion Interest groups Lobbyists Post election government policy Public](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061520/56649e855503460f94b88150/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Pluralist model of public policy
Pre-electionparty policy
Interest groups
Post electiongovernment policy Public policy
Civil servants
![Page 5: Pluralist model of public policy Pre-election party policy Think tanks Public opinion Interest groups Lobbyists Post election government policy Public](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061520/56649e855503460f94b88150/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
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Pluralist model of public policy
Pre-electionparty policy
Interest groups
Post electiongovernment policy Public policy
Civil servants
![Page 8: Pluralist model of public policy Pre-election party policy Think tanks Public opinion Interest groups Lobbyists Post election government policy Public](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061520/56649e855503460f94b88150/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Pluralist model of public policy
Interest groups
Post electiongovernment policy Public policy
Civil servants
![Page 9: Pluralist model of public policy Pre-election party policy Think tanks Public opinion Interest groups Lobbyists Post election government policy Public](https://reader033.vdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061520/56649e855503460f94b88150/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
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Traditional model of executive power
Prime minister (directs overall policy)
Cabinet (directs individual departmental policy)
Civil service (implements policy)
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The Core Executive(Taken from Peter Dorey, Policy Making in Britain, Figure 3.1, p. 50)
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Core executive relations1. Actors possess resources legal constitutional political hierarchical technical informational
2. Bargaining between actors involves exchange of resources
3. Power is based on dependency – no one can act without support from other actors
4. Structural and institutional constraints apply to actors
5. Dependency varies with circumstances
Further reading: M. J. Smith, The Core Executive in Britain (Palgrave, 1999),
ch. 4
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Interest groups and policy networks
Origin of policy network theory:
‘Iron triangles’ of US policy making – 1960s Based on resource exchange Dependencies between actors Degree of dependence of each actor can
vary with circumstances
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Policy communities & issue networks (1)(D. Marsh and R A W Rhodes, ‘Policy networks in British politics’, in Marsh and
Rhodes (eds), Policy Networks in British Government (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992)
Policy community:
Limited number of participants Close links between members based on
resource exchange Shared values Balanced power between members
e.g. NFU/Ministry of Agriculture
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Policy communities & issue networks (2)(D. Marsh and R A W Rhodes, ‘Policy networks in British politics’, in Marsh and
Rhodes (eds), Policy Networks in British Government (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1992)
Issue network:
Large number of participants Diverse values Based on consultation, not resource exchange Unequal power
e.g. fox hunting
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Criticism of network theory
Problem of identifying actors Descriptive, not analytic Artificial patterns? (e.g., is the NFU-Ministry of Agriculture relationship really
comparable to the relationship between the pro- and anti-fox-hunting lobbies?)