plurality of god review sheet

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The Divinity of The Divinity of Christ Christ Fundamental Fundamental Beliefs Beliefs Instructor: Jim Franks Instructor: Jim Franks Date: March 2011 Date: March 2011 © 2011 Church of God, © 2011 Church of God, a Worldwide a Worldwide Association Association Church of God, Church of God, a Worldwide Association a Worldwide Association

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Plurality of God Review Sheet. Provide Old Testament Scriptures that show plurality in the Godhead. Genesis 1:26; Genesis 11:6-7; Psalm 45:6-7. What is the Hebrew word translated “one” in Deuteronomy 6:4? What does it mean? Echad; means one or first; can include more than one. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Plurality of God Review Sheet

The Divinity of ChristThe Divinity of ChristThe Divinity of ChristThe Divinity of Christ

Fundamental BeliefsFundamental BeliefsFundamental BeliefsFundamental Beliefs

Instructor: Jim FranksInstructor: Jim FranksDate: March 2011Date: March 2011Instructor: Jim FranksInstructor: Jim FranksDate: March 2011Date: March 2011

© 2011 Church of God, © 2011 Church of God, a Worldwide Associationa Worldwide Association© 2011 Church of God, © 2011 Church of God, a Worldwide Associationa Worldwide Association

Church of God, Church of God, a Worldwide Associationa Worldwide Association

Church of God, Church of God, a Worldwide Associationa Worldwide Association

Page 2: Plurality of God Review Sheet

Divinity of Christ 2011Divinity of Christ 2011Divinity of Christ 2011Divinity of Christ 2011

Fundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of God

Plurality of GodPlurality of GodReview SheetReview Sheet

Plurality of GodPlurality of GodReview SheetReview Sheet

1.1. Provide Old Testament Scriptures that show Provide Old Testament Scriptures that show plurality in the Godhead.plurality in the Godhead.

Genesis 1:26; Genesis 11:6-7; Psalm 45:6-7Genesis 1:26; Genesis 11:6-7; Psalm 45:6-7

1.1. Provide Old Testament Scriptures that show Provide Old Testament Scriptures that show plurality in the Godhead.plurality in the Godhead.

Genesis 1:26; Genesis 11:6-7; Psalm 45:6-7Genesis 1:26; Genesis 11:6-7; Psalm 45:6-7

2.2. What is the Hebrew word translated “one” in What is the Hebrew word translated “one” in Deuteronomy 6:4? WhatDeuteronomy 6:4? What does it mean?does it mean?

Echad; means one or first; can include more than one.Echad; means one or first; can include more than one.

2.2. What is the Hebrew word translated “one” in What is the Hebrew word translated “one” in Deuteronomy 6:4? WhatDeuteronomy 6:4? What does it mean?does it mean?

Echad; means one or first; can include more than one.Echad; means one or first; can include more than one.

3.3. Does 1 John 5:7-8 prove there is a trinity?Does 1 John 5:7-8 prove there is a trinity?

No. This verse has spurious or added words.No. This verse has spurious or added words.

3.3. Does 1 John 5:7-8 prove there is a trinity?Does 1 John 5:7-8 prove there is a trinity?

No. This verse has spurious or added words.No. This verse has spurious or added words.

Page 3: Plurality of God Review Sheet

Divinity of Christ 2011Divinity of Christ 2011Divinity of Christ 2011Divinity of Christ 2011

Fundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of God

Plurality of GodPlurality of GodReview SheetReview Sheet

Plurality of GodPlurality of GodReview SheetReview Sheet

4.4. What is the plural of majesty? Please explain What is the plural of majesty? Please explain how this is used to define God.how this is used to define God.

Use of plural by king/queen, but referring to one.Use of plural by king/queen, but referring to one.

4.4. What is the plural of majesty? Please explain What is the plural of majesty? Please explain how this is used to define God.how this is used to define God.

Use of plural by king/queen, but referring to one.Use of plural by king/queen, but referring to one.

5.5. What does the Hebrew word “yachid” mean?What does the Hebrew word “yachid” mean?

Solitary; Only one; One of a kind; uniqueSolitary; Only one; One of a kind; unique

5.5. What does the Hebrew word “yachid” mean?What does the Hebrew word “yachid” mean?

Solitary; Only one; One of a kind; uniqueSolitary; Only one; One of a kind; unique

6.6. What does the Hebrew term What does the Hebrew term elohimelohim mean? mean?

God. It is the plural form of God. It is the plural form of eloaheloah..

6.6. What does the Hebrew term What does the Hebrew term elohimelohim mean? mean?

God. It is the plural form of God. It is the plural form of eloaheloah..

Page 4: Plurality of God Review Sheet

Divinity of Christ 2011Divinity of Christ 2011Divinity of Christ 2011Divinity of Christ 2011

Fundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of God

Plurality of GodPlurality of GodReview SheetReview Sheet

Plurality of GodPlurality of GodReview SheetReview Sheet

7.7. Who were the major scholars involved in the Who were the major scholars involved in the development of the Trinity doctrine?development of the Trinity doctrine?

Arius; Athanasius; Basil; Gregory of Nyssa; and Arius; Athanasius; Basil; Gregory of Nyssa; and Gregory of NazianzusGregory of Nazianzus

7.7. Who were the major scholars involved in the Who were the major scholars involved in the development of the Trinity doctrine?development of the Trinity doctrine?

Arius; Athanasius; Basil; Gregory of Nyssa; and Arius; Athanasius; Basil; Gregory of Nyssa; and Gregory of NazianzusGregory of Nazianzus

Page 5: Plurality of God Review Sheet

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Fundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of God

Fundamental Belief: The GodheadFundamental Belief: The GodheadFundamental Belief: The GodheadFundamental Belief: The Godhead

God the Father is an eternally existing Spirit, a perfect, God the Father is an eternally existing Spirit, a perfect, personal Being of supreme love, intelligence, personal Being of supreme love, intelligence, knowledge, justice, power and authority… There is one knowledge, justice, power and authority… There is one Lord, Jesus Christ, who has eternally existed. God is an Lord, Jesus Christ, who has eternally existed. God is an eternal family currently consisting of the Father and the eternal family currently consisting of the Father and the Son. Both the Father and Son are involved in the Son. Both the Father and Son are involved in the creative work of expanding this family by bringing many creative work of expanding this family by bringing many children (sons and daughters) to glory. The Holy Spirit children (sons and daughters) to glory. The Holy Spirit is the power of God and the Spirit of life eternal, not a is the power of God and the Spirit of life eternal, not a separate entity or being.separate entity or being.

God the Father is an eternally existing Spirit, a perfect, God the Father is an eternally existing Spirit, a perfect, personal Being of supreme love, intelligence, personal Being of supreme love, intelligence, knowledge, justice, power and authority… There is one knowledge, justice, power and authority… There is one Lord, Jesus Christ, who has eternally existed. God is an Lord, Jesus Christ, who has eternally existed. God is an eternal family currently consisting of the Father and the eternal family currently consisting of the Father and the Son. Both the Father and Son are involved in the Son. Both the Father and Son are involved in the creative work of expanding this family by bringing many creative work of expanding this family by bringing many children (sons and daughters) to glory. The Holy Spirit children (sons and daughters) to glory. The Holy Spirit is the power of God and the Spirit of life eternal, not a is the power of God and the Spirit of life eternal, not a separate entity or being.separate entity or being.

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Divinity of Christ 2011Divinity of Christ 2011Divinity of Christ 2011Divinity of Christ 2011

Fundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of God

We learned We learned from HWA…from HWA…We learned We learned from HWA…from HWA…

Christ taught the DisciplesChrist taught the Disciples

The Disciples taught the The Disciples taught the Church.Church.

The truth was preserved The truth was preserved down through the years.down through the years.

Christ taught the DisciplesChrist taught the Disciples

The Disciples taught the The Disciples taught the Church.Church.

The truth was preserved The truth was preserved down through the years.down through the years.

Preservation of the Truth…Preservation of the Truth…Preservation of the Truth…Preservation of the Truth…

Page 7: Plurality of God Review Sheet

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Fundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of God

The Divinity of Jesus ChristThe Divinity of Jesus Christ

The teaching of the The teaching of the Church has been Church has been consistent. Jesus is God consistent. Jesus is God and He pre-existed His and He pre-existed His human life.human life.

The teaching of the The teaching of the Church has been Church has been consistent. Jesus is God consistent. Jesus is God and He pre-existed His and He pre-existed His human life.human life.

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Fundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of GodFundamental Beliefs of the Church of God

Overview of Class…Overview of Class…Overview of Class…Overview of Class…

1.1. A look at the various ideas about A look at the various ideas about the “nature of God and Christ.” the “nature of God and Christ.”

1.1. A look at the various ideas about A look at the various ideas about the “nature of God and Christ.” the “nature of God and Christ.”

2.2. Analyze the divinity of Christ as Analyze the divinity of Christ as explained in the New Testament.explained in the New Testament.

2.2. Analyze the divinity of Christ as Analyze the divinity of Christ as explained in the New Testament.explained in the New Testament.

3.3. Study in detail John 1 and Psalm Study in detail John 1 and Psalm 110.110.

3.3. Study in detail John 1 and Psalm Study in detail John 1 and Psalm 110.110.

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Either Christ, the Word, belonged to the divine Either Christ, the Word, belonged to the divine realm (which was the domain of God alone) or realm (which was the domain of God alone) or He belonged to the fragile created order. He belonged to the fragile created order. Arius placed Him in the “fragile created order” Arius placed Him in the “fragile created order” but Athanasius placed Him in the “divine but Athanasius placed Him in the “divine realm.” The Trinity was developed to defeat realm.” The Trinity was developed to defeat the argument of Arius. It had no basis in the argument of Arius. It had no basis in scripture. scripture.

Either Christ, the Word, belonged to the divine Either Christ, the Word, belonged to the divine realm (which was the domain of God alone) or realm (which was the domain of God alone) or He belonged to the fragile created order. He belonged to the fragile created order. Arius placed Him in the “fragile created order” Arius placed Him in the “fragile created order” but Athanasius placed Him in the “divine but Athanasius placed Him in the “divine realm.” The Trinity was developed to defeat realm.” The Trinity was developed to defeat the argument of Arius. It had no basis in the argument of Arius. It had no basis in scripture. scripture.

Which choice will we make?Which choice will we make?Which choice will we make?Which choice will we make?

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Summary from the Old TestamentSummary from the Old TestamentSummary from the Old TestamentSummary from the Old Testament

1.1. There are numerous references to the “oneness” of There are numerous references to the “oneness” of God in the Old Testament.God in the Old Testament.

1.1. There are numerous references to the “oneness” of There are numerous references to the “oneness” of God in the Old Testament.God in the Old Testament.

2.2. There are numerous references to the “plurality” of There are numerous references to the “plurality” of God in the Old Testament.God in the Old Testament.

2.2. There are numerous references to the “plurality” of There are numerous references to the “plurality” of God in the Old Testament.God in the Old Testament.

3.3. This causes some confusion in understanding God This causes some confusion in understanding God the Father and Jesus Christ. We must admit that we the Father and Jesus Christ. We must admit that we don’t have all knowledge in this matter.don’t have all knowledge in this matter.

3.3. This causes some confusion in understanding God This causes some confusion in understanding God the Father and Jesus Christ. We must admit that we the Father and Jesus Christ. We must admit that we don’t have all knowledge in this matter.don’t have all knowledge in this matter.

4.4. The most fitting explanation is the term “composite The most fitting explanation is the term “composite unity.” Christ references this when He states “My unity.” Christ references this when He states “My Father and I are one.”Father and I are one.”

4.4. The most fitting explanation is the term “composite The most fitting explanation is the term “composite unity.” Christ references this when He states “My unity.” Christ references this when He states “My Father and I are one.”Father and I are one.”

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Five Views of the Nature Five Views of the Nature and Origin of Christ…and Origin of Christ…Five Views of the Nature Five Views of the Nature and Origin of Christ…and Origin of Christ…

1.1. The TrinityThe Trinity

2.2. The Unitarian ViewThe Unitarian View

3.3. Christ as a Created Being (Arianism)Christ as a Created Being (Arianism)

4.4. Christ as the Angel of YHWHChrist as the Angel of YHWH

5.5. Christ as God, a Separate Being in the Christ as God, a Separate Being in the GodheadGodhead

1.1. The TrinityThe Trinity

2.2. The Unitarian ViewThe Unitarian View

3.3. Christ as a Created Being (Arianism)Christ as a Created Being (Arianism)

4.4. Christ as the Angel of YHWHChrist as the Angel of YHWH

5.5. Christ as God, a Separate Being in the Christ as God, a Separate Being in the GodheadGodhead

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1. The Trinitarian View1. The Trinitarian View1. The Trinitarian View1. The Trinitarian View

• Contrary to Scripture. Cannot be supported from Contrary to Scripture. Cannot be supported from the Bible.the Bible.

• Idea developed in the fourth century because of an Idea developed in the fourth century because of an argument with Arius.argument with Arius.

• Karen Armstrong in her book Karen Armstrong in her book “The History of God”“The History of God” explains the confusion that resulted from the early explains the confusion that resulted from the early explanations. Later the Cappadocian brothers explanations. Later the Cappadocian brothers provided more understanding which led to the provided more understanding which led to the adoption of the Nicene Creed.adoption of the Nicene Creed.

• The Holy Spirit is not a person, therefore there can The Holy Spirit is not a person, therefore there can be no trinity.be no trinity.

• Contrary to Scripture. Cannot be supported from Contrary to Scripture. Cannot be supported from the Bible.the Bible.

• Idea developed in the fourth century because of an Idea developed in the fourth century because of an argument with Arius.argument with Arius.

• Karen Armstrong in her book Karen Armstrong in her book “The History of God”“The History of God” explains the confusion that resulted from the early explains the confusion that resulted from the early explanations. Later the Cappadocian brothers explanations. Later the Cappadocian brothers provided more understanding which led to the provided more understanding which led to the adoption of the Nicene Creed.adoption of the Nicene Creed.

• The Holy Spirit is not a person, therefore there can The Holy Spirit is not a person, therefore there can be no trinity.be no trinity.

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2. The Unitarian View2. The Unitarian View2. The Unitarian View2. The Unitarian View

• Basic reasoning: God is one; therefore Christ Basic reasoning: God is one; therefore Christ cannot be God (Deuteronomy 6:4).cannot be God (Deuteronomy 6:4).

• Based on this conclusion, Christ must have been Based on this conclusion, Christ must have been a created being or a “clone” who did not exist a created being or a “clone” who did not exist prior to His human birth.prior to His human birth.

• Webster’s definition of a Unitarian: “A person Webster’s definition of a Unitarian: “A person who denies the doctrine of the Trinity, believing who denies the doctrine of the Trinity, believing in the teachings, but denying the divinity of in the teachings, but denying the divinity of Christ, and holding that God is a single being.”Christ, and holding that God is a single being.”

• The Old Testament has many examples of The Old Testament has many examples of plurality in reference to God.plurality in reference to God.

• Basic reasoning: God is one; therefore Christ Basic reasoning: God is one; therefore Christ cannot be God (Deuteronomy 6:4).cannot be God (Deuteronomy 6:4).

• Based on this conclusion, Christ must have been Based on this conclusion, Christ must have been a created being or a “clone” who did not exist a created being or a “clone” who did not exist prior to His human birth.prior to His human birth.

• Webster’s definition of a Unitarian: “A person Webster’s definition of a Unitarian: “A person who denies the doctrine of the Trinity, believing who denies the doctrine of the Trinity, believing in the teachings, but denying the divinity of in the teachings, but denying the divinity of Christ, and holding that God is a single being.”Christ, and holding that God is a single being.”

• The Old Testament has many examples of The Old Testament has many examples of plurality in reference to God.plurality in reference to God.

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2. The Unitarian View 2. The Unitarian View (continued)(continued)2. The Unitarian View 2. The Unitarian View (continued)(continued)

• Adam and Eve are called “one” (Hebrew Adam and Eve are called “one” (Hebrew “echad”) but they were two separate beings “echad”) but they were two separate beings (Genesis 2:24).(Genesis 2:24).

• Christ stated that He and the Father are Christ stated that He and the Father are “one” but they are two separate beings “one” but they are two separate beings (John 17:22).(John 17:22).

• Christ prayed that we all might be “one” but Christ prayed that we all might be “one” but we do not become one person (John 17:11).we do not become one person (John 17:11).

• Adam and Eve are called “one” (Hebrew Adam and Eve are called “one” (Hebrew “echad”) but they were two separate beings “echad”) but they were two separate beings (Genesis 2:24).(Genesis 2:24).

• Christ stated that He and the Father are Christ stated that He and the Father are “one” but they are two separate beings “one” but they are two separate beings (John 17:22).(John 17:22).

• Christ prayed that we all might be “one” but Christ prayed that we all might be “one” but we do not become one person (John 17:11).we do not become one person (John 17:11).

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3. Christ as a Created Being3. Christ as a Created Being3. Christ as a Created Being3. Christ as a Created Being

• Also called Arianism, after its first proponent Arius.Also called Arianism, after its first proponent Arius.

• Today few accept this idea, but it is the teaching of Today few accept this idea, but it is the teaching of the Jehovah’s Witnesses.the Jehovah’s Witnesses.

• There are various twists to the teaching: Christ was There are various twists to the teaching: Christ was created prior to Genesis 1; Christ was created at the created prior to Genesis 1; Christ was created at the time of Genesis; Christ was created at the time of His time of Genesis; Christ was created at the time of His human birth.human birth.

• This teaching denies the divinity of Christ and This teaching denies the divinity of Christ and relegates Him to the created order, a little higher than relegates Him to the created order, a little higher than the angels but not on the same level with God.the angels but not on the same level with God.

• Also called Arianism, after its first proponent Arius.Also called Arianism, after its first proponent Arius.

• Today few accept this idea, but it is the teaching of Today few accept this idea, but it is the teaching of the Jehovah’s Witnesses.the Jehovah’s Witnesses.

• There are various twists to the teaching: Christ was There are various twists to the teaching: Christ was created prior to Genesis 1; Christ was created at the created prior to Genesis 1; Christ was created at the time of Genesis; Christ was created at the time of His time of Genesis; Christ was created at the time of His human birth.human birth.

• This teaching denies the divinity of Christ and This teaching denies the divinity of Christ and relegates Him to the created order, a little higher than relegates Him to the created order, a little higher than the angels but not on the same level with God.the angels but not on the same level with God.

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3. Christ as a Created Being 3. Christ as a Created Being (continued)(continued)3. Christ as a Created Being 3. Christ as a Created Being (continued)(continued)

• Numerous scriptures declare Jesus Christ to be God, Numerous scriptures declare Jesus Christ to be God, yet there is no scripture that describes His creation.yet there is no scripture that describes His creation.

• Christ has eternally existed. He is the same Christ has eternally existed. He is the same yesterday, today and forever (yesterday, today and forever (Hebrews 13:8Hebrews 13:8).).

• Christ created all things and nothing was created Christ created all things and nothing was created without Him (without Him (John 1:1-3John 1:1-3). Christ could not have been ). Christ could not have been created.created.

• Colossians 2:9Colossians 2:9 In Christ dwells the “fullness of the In Christ dwells the “fullness of the Godhead.”Godhead.”

• Numerous scriptures declare Jesus Christ to be God, Numerous scriptures declare Jesus Christ to be God, yet there is no scripture that describes His creation.yet there is no scripture that describes His creation.

• Christ has eternally existed. He is the same Christ has eternally existed. He is the same yesterday, today and forever (yesterday, today and forever (Hebrews 13:8Hebrews 13:8).).

• Christ created all things and nothing was created Christ created all things and nothing was created without Him (without Him (John 1:1-3John 1:1-3). Christ could not have been ). Christ could not have been created.created.

• Colossians 2:9Colossians 2:9 In Christ dwells the “fullness of the In Christ dwells the “fullness of the Godhead.”Godhead.”

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4. Christ as the Angel of YHWH4. Christ as the Angel of YHWH4. Christ as the Angel of YHWH4. Christ as the Angel of YHWH

• Similar to belief in Christ as a created being in that it Similar to belief in Christ as a created being in that it also requires creation.also requires creation.

• This view is based on the scriptures that refer to the This view is based on the scriptures that refer to the “Angel of YHWH.”“Angel of YHWH.”

• This explanation describes Christ as a super angel This explanation describes Christ as a super angel prior to His human birth.prior to His human birth.

• Genesis 16:7-13Genesis 16:7-13 Hagar has an experience with a Hagar has an experience with a being who is called the “Angel of the LORD” and being who is called the “Angel of the LORD” and she refers to this being as the LORD.she refers to this being as the LORD.

• Similar to belief in Christ as a created being in that it Similar to belief in Christ as a created being in that it also requires creation.also requires creation.

• This view is based on the scriptures that refer to the This view is based on the scriptures that refer to the “Angel of YHWH.”“Angel of YHWH.”

• This explanation describes Christ as a super angel This explanation describes Christ as a super angel prior to His human birth.prior to His human birth.

• Genesis 16:7-13Genesis 16:7-13 Hagar has an experience with a Hagar has an experience with a being who is called the “Angel of the LORD” and being who is called the “Angel of the LORD” and she refers to this being as the LORD.she refers to this being as the LORD.

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4. Christ as the Angel of YHWH 4. Christ as the Angel of YHWH (continued)(continued)4. Christ as the Angel of YHWH 4. Christ as the Angel of YHWH (continued)(continued)

• Jacob wrestles with a “man” and prevails. It is stated Jacob wrestles with a “man” and prevails. It is stated that he saw God “face to face” (that he saw God “face to face” (Genesis 32:30Genesis 32:30). Yet ). Yet no man has ever seen God. In Hosea we are told that no man has ever seen God. In Hosea we are told that Jacob “in his strength he struggled with God. Yes, he Jacob “in his strength he struggled with God. Yes, he struggled with the Angel and prevailed” struggled with the Angel and prevailed” (Hosea 12:3-4(Hosea 12:3-4 NKJV).NKJV).

• Hebrew word for “angel” and “messenger” is the Hebrew word for “angel” and “messenger” is the same. It is same. It is mal’akmal’ak. 111 times it is translated “angel”; . 111 times it is translated “angel”; 98 times “messenger”; and “ambassador” 4 times.98 times “messenger”; and “ambassador” 4 times.

• Jacob wrestles with a “man” and prevails. It is stated Jacob wrestles with a “man” and prevails. It is stated that he saw God “face to face” (that he saw God “face to face” (Genesis 32:30Genesis 32:30). Yet ). Yet no man has ever seen God. In Hosea we are told that no man has ever seen God. In Hosea we are told that Jacob “in his strength he struggled with God. Yes, he Jacob “in his strength he struggled with God. Yes, he struggled with the Angel and prevailed” struggled with the Angel and prevailed” (Hosea 12:3-4(Hosea 12:3-4 NKJV).NKJV).

• Hebrew word for “angel” and “messenger” is the Hebrew word for “angel” and “messenger” is the same. It is same. It is mal’akmal’ak. 111 times it is translated “angel”; . 111 times it is translated “angel”; 98 times “messenger”; and “ambassador” 4 times.98 times “messenger”; and “ambassador” 4 times.

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4. Christ as the Angel of YHWH 4. Christ as the Angel of YHWH (continued)(continued)

4. Christ as the Angel of YHWH 4. Christ as the Angel of YHWH (continued)(continued)

• Christ is called the “messenger” (Christ is called the “messenger” (mal’akmal’ak) of the ) of the covenant in covenant in Malachi 3:1Malachi 3:1. It was up to the . It was up to the translators as to which word they chose (angel translators as to which word they chose (angel or messenger). Christ is the messenger of or messenger). Christ is the messenger of YHWH, but He is not an angel who was created. YHWH, but He is not an angel who was created. The context must determine which is the correct The context must determine which is the correct translation.translation.

• The teaching that Christ was the Angel of YHWH The teaching that Christ was the Angel of YHWH denies the divinity of Christ and puts Him in the denies the divinity of Christ and puts Him in the created order as a super angel.created order as a super angel.

• Christ is called the “messenger” (Christ is called the “messenger” (mal’akmal’ak) of the ) of the covenant in covenant in Malachi 3:1Malachi 3:1. It was up to the . It was up to the translators as to which word they chose (angel translators as to which word they chose (angel or messenger). Christ is the messenger of or messenger). Christ is the messenger of YHWH, but He is not an angel who was created. YHWH, but He is not an angel who was created. The context must determine which is the correct The context must determine which is the correct translation.translation.

• The teaching that Christ was the Angel of YHWH The teaching that Christ was the Angel of YHWH denies the divinity of Christ and puts Him in the denies the divinity of Christ and puts Him in the created order as a super angel.created order as a super angel.

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5. Christ as God 5. Christ as God 5. Christ as God 5. Christ as God

When all the evidence is considered, the most When all the evidence is considered, the most logical conclusion is that Christ was who He logical conclusion is that Christ was who He said He was– God in the flesh (Immanuel). said He was– God in the flesh (Immanuel). Before Abraham was He said “I am.” Before Before Abraham was He said “I am.” Before the foundations of the world He existed with the foundations of the world He existed with the Father. No one has seen God, but YHWH the Father. No one has seen God, but YHWH and Elohim were seen. This could only be the and Elohim were seen. This could only be the one who became Christ.one who became Christ.

When all the evidence is considered, the most When all the evidence is considered, the most logical conclusion is that Christ was who He logical conclusion is that Christ was who He said He was– God in the flesh (Immanuel). said He was– God in the flesh (Immanuel). Before Abraham was He said “I am.” Before Before Abraham was He said “I am.” Before the foundations of the world He existed with the foundations of the world He existed with the Father. No one has seen God, but YHWH the Father. No one has seen God, but YHWH and Elohim were seen. This could only be the and Elohim were seen. This could only be the one who became Christ.one who became Christ.

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Twelve Proofs Christ is God and Twelve Proofs Christ is God and therefore eternal...therefore eternal...Twelve Proofs Christ is God and Twelve Proofs Christ is God and therefore eternal...therefore eternal...

1. John 1:1-3 and Revelation 19:131. John 1:1-3 and Revelation 19:131. John 1:1-3 and Revelation 19:131. John 1:1-3 and Revelation 19:13

John 1:1-3John 1:1-3 “In the beginning was the Word, “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through Him; and without things were made through Him; and without Him nothing was made that was made.”Him nothing was made that was made.”

Revelation 19:13Revelation 19:13 “He was clothed with a robe “He was clothed with a robe dipped in blood, and His name is called The dipped in blood, and His name is called The Word of God.”Word of God.”

John 1:1-3John 1:1-3 “In the beginning was the Word, “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through Him; and without things were made through Him; and without Him nothing was made that was made.”Him nothing was made that was made.”

Revelation 19:13Revelation 19:13 “He was clothed with a robe “He was clothed with a robe dipped in blood, and His name is called The dipped in blood, and His name is called The Word of God.”Word of God.”

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2. Titus 2:11-132. Titus 2:11-132. Titus 2:11-132. Titus 2:11-13

““For the grace of God that brings salvation has For the grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men, teaching us that, denying appeared to all men, teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly in the present age, looking for righteously, and godly in the present age, looking for the blessed hope and glorious appearing of our great the blessed hope and glorious appearing of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ, who gave Himself for us, God and Savior Jesus Christ, who gave Himself for us, that He might redeem us from every lawless deed and that He might redeem us from every lawless deed and purify for Himself His own special people, zealous of purify for Himself His own special people, zealous of good works.”good works.”

““For the grace of God that brings salvation has For the grace of God that brings salvation has appeared to all men, teaching us that, denying appeared to all men, teaching us that, denying ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, ungodliness and worldly lusts, we should live soberly, righteously, and godly in the present age, looking for righteously, and godly in the present age, looking for the blessed hope and glorious appearing of our great the blessed hope and glorious appearing of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ, who gave Himself for us, God and Savior Jesus Christ, who gave Himself for us, that He might redeem us from every lawless deed and that He might redeem us from every lawless deed and purify for Himself His own special people, zealous of purify for Himself His own special people, zealous of good works.”good works.”

Twelve Proofs Christ is God and Twelve Proofs Christ is God and therefore eternal...therefore eternal...Twelve Proofs Christ is God and Twelve Proofs Christ is God and therefore eternal...therefore eternal...

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Granville Sharpe Rule of Greek Grammar: “…when Granville Sharpe Rule of Greek Grammar: “…when two nouns are joined by two nouns are joined by kaikai (and) and the first noun (and) and the first noun has the article and the second does not, then the has the article and the second does not, then the two nouns refer to the same thing; hence ‘great God two nouns refer to the same thing; hence ‘great God and Savior’ both refer to Christ Jesus” (and Savior’ both refer to Christ Jesus” (The Moody The Moody Handbook of Theology, page 225Handbook of Theology, page 225).).

Titus 2:13Titus 2:13

“…“…looking for the blessed hope and glorious looking for the blessed hope and glorious appearing of our great God appearing of our great God andand Savior Jesus Savior Jesus Christ.”Christ.”

Granville Sharpe Rule of Greek Grammar: “…when Granville Sharpe Rule of Greek Grammar: “…when two nouns are joined by two nouns are joined by kaikai (and) and the first noun (and) and the first noun has the article and the second does not, then the has the article and the second does not, then the two nouns refer to the same thing; hence ‘great God two nouns refer to the same thing; hence ‘great God and Savior’ both refer to Christ Jesus” (and Savior’ both refer to Christ Jesus” (The Moody The Moody Handbook of Theology, page 225Handbook of Theology, page 225).).

Titus 2:13Titus 2:13

“…“…looking for the blessed hope and glorious looking for the blessed hope and glorious appearing of our great God appearing of our great God andand Savior Jesus Savior Jesus Christ.”Christ.”

Study of Greek Grammar…Study of Greek Grammar…Study of Greek Grammar…Study of Greek Grammar…

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3. John 20:283. John 20:283. John 20:283. John 20:28

““And after eight days His disciples were again And after eight days His disciples were again inside, and Thomas with them. Jesus came, the inside, and Thomas with them. Jesus came, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said, doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said, ‘Peace to you!’ Then He said to Thomas, ‘Reach your ‘Peace to you!’ Then He said to Thomas, ‘Reach your finger here, and look at My hands; and reach your finger here, and look at My hands; and reach your hand here and put it into My side. Do not be hand here and put it into My side. Do not be unbelieving, but believing.’ And Thomas answered unbelieving, but believing.’ And Thomas answered and said to Him, ‘My Lord and my God!’”and said to Him, ‘My Lord and my God!’”

““And after eight days His disciples were again And after eight days His disciples were again inside, and Thomas with them. Jesus came, the inside, and Thomas with them. Jesus came, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said, doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said, ‘Peace to you!’ Then He said to Thomas, ‘Reach your ‘Peace to you!’ Then He said to Thomas, ‘Reach your finger here, and look at My hands; and reach your finger here, and look at My hands; and reach your hand here and put it into My side. Do not be hand here and put it into My side. Do not be unbelieving, but believing.’ And Thomas answered unbelieving, but believing.’ And Thomas answered and said to Him, ‘My Lord and my God!’”and said to Him, ‘My Lord and my God!’”

Twelve Proofs Christ is God and Twelve Proofs Christ is God and therefore eternal...therefore eternal...Twelve Proofs Christ is God and Twelve Proofs Christ is God and therefore eternal...therefore eternal...

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4. John 8:57-58; John 17:54. John 8:57-58; John 17:54. John 8:57-58; John 17:54. John 8:57-58; John 17:5

John 8:57-58John 8:57-58 “Then the Jews said to Him, ‘You “Then the Jews said to Him, ‘You are not yet fifty years old, and have You seen are not yet fifty years old, and have You seen Abraham?’ Jesus said to them, ‘Most Abraham?’ Jesus said to them, ‘Most assuredly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I assuredly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I AM.’” AM.’”

John 17:5John 17:5 “And now, O Father, glorify Me “And now, O Father, glorify Me together with Yourself, with the glory which I together with Yourself, with the glory which I had with You before the world was.”had with You before the world was.”

John 8:57-58John 8:57-58 “Then the Jews said to Him, ‘You “Then the Jews said to Him, ‘You are not yet fifty years old, and have You seen are not yet fifty years old, and have You seen Abraham?’ Jesus said to them, ‘Most Abraham?’ Jesus said to them, ‘Most assuredly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I assuredly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I AM.’” AM.’”

John 17:5John 17:5 “And now, O Father, glorify Me “And now, O Father, glorify Me together with Yourself, with the glory which I together with Yourself, with the glory which I had with You before the world was.”had with You before the world was.”

Twelve Proofs Christ is God and Twelve Proofs Christ is God and therefore eternal...therefore eternal...Twelve Proofs Christ is God and Twelve Proofs Christ is God and therefore eternal...therefore eternal...

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5. Isaiah 9:6-7; Luke 1:32-335. Isaiah 9:6-7; Luke 1:32-335. Isaiah 9:6-7; Luke 1:32-335. Isaiah 9:6-7; Luke 1:32-33

““For unto us a Child is born, Unto us a Son is given; For unto us a Child is born, Unto us a Son is given; and the government will be upon His shoulder. And and the government will be upon His shoulder. And His name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, His name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Of Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Of the increase of His government and peace there will the increase of His government and peace there will be no end. Upon the throne of David and over His be no end. Upon the throne of David and over His kingdom, to order it and establish it with judgment kingdom, to order it and establish it with judgment and justice from that time forward, even forever. The and justice from that time forward, even forever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.”zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.”

““For unto us a Child is born, Unto us a Son is given; For unto us a Child is born, Unto us a Son is given; and the government will be upon His shoulder. And and the government will be upon His shoulder. And His name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, His name will be called Wonderful, Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Of Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. Of the increase of His government and peace there will the increase of His government and peace there will be no end. Upon the throne of David and over His be no end. Upon the throne of David and over His kingdom, to order it and establish it with judgment kingdom, to order it and establish it with judgment and justice from that time forward, even forever. The and justice from that time forward, even forever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.”zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.”

Twelve Proofs Christ is God and Twelve Proofs Christ is God and therefore eternal...therefore eternal...Twelve Proofs Christ is God and Twelve Proofs Christ is God and therefore eternal...therefore eternal...

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6. Micah 5:2; Matthew 2:6; John 7:426. Micah 5:2; Matthew 2:6; John 7:426. Micah 5:2; Matthew 2:6; John 7:426. Micah 5:2; Matthew 2:6; John 7:42

““But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, Though you But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, Though you are little among the thousands of Judah, Yet are little among the thousands of Judah, Yet out of you shall come forth to Me the One to be out of you shall come forth to Me the One to be Ruler in Israel, Whose goings forth are from of Ruler in Israel, Whose goings forth are from of old, from everlasting” [margin, old, from everlasting” [margin, the days of the days of eternityeternity].].

““But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, Though you But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, Though you are little among the thousands of Judah, Yet are little among the thousands of Judah, Yet out of you shall come forth to Me the One to be out of you shall come forth to Me the One to be Ruler in Israel, Whose goings forth are from of Ruler in Israel, Whose goings forth are from of old, from everlasting” [margin, old, from everlasting” [margin, the days of the days of eternityeternity].].

Twelve Proofs Christ is God and Twelve Proofs Christ is God and therefore eternal...therefore eternal...Twelve Proofs Christ is God and Twelve Proofs Christ is God and therefore eternal...therefore eternal...

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7. Titus 3:4, 6; Isaiah 43:11; Isaiah 45:217. Titus 3:4, 6; Isaiah 43:11; Isaiah 45:217. Titus 3:4, 6; Isaiah 43:11; Isaiah 45:217. Titus 3:4, 6; Isaiah 43:11; Isaiah 45:21

Titus 3:4, 6Titus 3:4, 6 “But when the kindness and the love of “But when the kindness and the love of God our Savior toward man appeared. . . Whom He God our Savior toward man appeared. . . Whom He poured out on us abundantly through Jesus Christ poured out on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Savior.”our Savior.”

Isaiah 43:11Isaiah 43:11 “I, even I, am the LORD, and besides Me “I, even I, am the LORD, and besides Me there is no Savior.”there is no Savior.”

Isaiah 45:21Isaiah 45:21 “. . . And there is no other God besides “. . . And there is no other God besides Me, A just God and a Savior; There is none besides Me, A just God and a Savior; There is none besides Me.”Me.”

Titus 3:4, 6Titus 3:4, 6 “But when the kindness and the love of “But when the kindness and the love of God our Savior toward man appeared. . . Whom He God our Savior toward man appeared. . . Whom He poured out on us abundantly through Jesus Christ poured out on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Savior.”our Savior.”

Isaiah 43:11Isaiah 43:11 “I, even I, am the LORD, and besides Me “I, even I, am the LORD, and besides Me there is no Savior.”there is no Savior.”

Isaiah 45:21Isaiah 45:21 “. . . And there is no other God besides “. . . And there is no other God besides Me, A just God and a Savior; There is none besides Me, A just God and a Savior; There is none besides Me.”Me.”

Twelve Proofs Christ is God and Twelve Proofs Christ is God and therefore eternal...therefore eternal...Twelve Proofs Christ is God and Twelve Proofs Christ is God and therefore eternal...therefore eternal...

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8. John 1:18; John 5:37; 1 John 4:128. John 1:18; John 5:37; 1 John 4:128. John 1:18; John 5:37; 1 John 4:128. John 1:18; John 5:37; 1 John 4:12

John 1:18John 1:18 “No one has seen God at any time. The “No one has seen God at any time. The only begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, only begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, He has declared Him.”He has declared Him.”

John 5:37John 5:37 “And the Father Himself, who sent Me, has “And the Father Himself, who sent Me, has testified of Me. You have neither heard His voice at testified of Me. You have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His form.”any time, nor seen His form.”

1 John 4:121 John 4:12 “No one has seen God at any time.” “No one has seen God at any time.”

John 1:18John 1:18 “No one has seen God at any time. The “No one has seen God at any time. The only begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, only begotten Son, who is in the bosom of the Father, He has declared Him.”He has declared Him.”

John 5:37John 5:37 “And the Father Himself, who sent Me, has “And the Father Himself, who sent Me, has testified of Me. You have neither heard His voice at testified of Me. You have neither heard His voice at any time, nor seen His form.”any time, nor seen His form.”

1 John 4:121 John 4:12 “No one has seen God at any time.” “No one has seen God at any time.”

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9. Hebrews 1:8; Psalm 45:6-79. Hebrews 1:8; Psalm 45:6-79. Hebrews 1:8; Psalm 45:6-79. Hebrews 1:8; Psalm 45:6-7

Hebrews 1:8Hebrews 1:8 “But to the Son He says: Your “But to the Son He says: Your throne, O God, is forever and ever; A scepter of throne, O God, is forever and ever; A scepter of righteousness is the scepter of Your kingdom.”righteousness is the scepter of Your kingdom.”

Psalm 45:6-7Psalm 45:6-7 “Your throne O God, is forever and “Your throne O God, is forever and ever; A scepter of righteousness is the scepter ever; A scepter of righteousness is the scepter of Your kingdom.”of Your kingdom.”

Hebrews 1:8Hebrews 1:8 “But to the Son He says: Your “But to the Son He says: Your throne, O God, is forever and ever; A scepter of throne, O God, is forever and ever; A scepter of righteousness is the scepter of Your kingdom.”righteousness is the scepter of Your kingdom.”

Psalm 45:6-7Psalm 45:6-7 “Your throne O God, is forever and “Your throne O God, is forever and ever; A scepter of righteousness is the scepter ever; A scepter of righteousness is the scepter of Your kingdom.”of Your kingdom.”

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10. Psalm 110:1, 5; Luke 20:41-4410. Psalm 110:1, 5; Luke 20:41-4410. Psalm 110:1, 5; Luke 20:41-4410. Psalm 110:1, 5; Luke 20:41-44

Psalm 110:1, 5Psalm 110:1, 5 “The LORD said to my Lord, Sit at My “The LORD said to my Lord, Sit at My right hand, Till I make Your enemies Your footstool. . . right hand, Till I make Your enemies Your footstool. . . The Lord [from Hebrew YHWH, The Lord [from Hebrew YHWH, LORDLORD] is at your right ] is at your right hand. . .”hand. . .”

Luke 20:41-44Luke 20:41-44 “And He said to them, ‘How can they say “And He said to them, ‘How can they say that the Christ is the Son of David? Now David himself that the Christ is the Son of David? Now David himself said in the Book of Psalms: The LORD said to my Lord, said in the Book of Psalms: The LORD said to my Lord, Sit at My right hand till I make Your enemies Your Sit at My right hand till I make Your enemies Your footstool. Therefore David calls Him Lord; how is He footstool. Therefore David calls Him Lord; how is He then his Son?’”then his Son?’”

Psalm 110:1, 5Psalm 110:1, 5 “The LORD said to my Lord, Sit at My “The LORD said to my Lord, Sit at My right hand, Till I make Your enemies Your footstool. . . right hand, Till I make Your enemies Your footstool. . . The Lord [from Hebrew YHWH, The Lord [from Hebrew YHWH, LORDLORD] is at your right ] is at your right hand. . .”hand. . .”

Luke 20:41-44Luke 20:41-44 “And He said to them, ‘How can they say “And He said to them, ‘How can they say that the Christ is the Son of David? Now David himself that the Christ is the Son of David? Now David himself said in the Book of Psalms: The LORD said to my Lord, said in the Book of Psalms: The LORD said to my Lord, Sit at My right hand till I make Your enemies Your Sit at My right hand till I make Your enemies Your footstool. Therefore David calls Him Lord; how is He footstool. Therefore David calls Him Lord; how is He then his Son?’”then his Son?’”

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11. Colossians 1:15-1711. Colossians 1:15-1711. Colossians 1:15-1711. Colossians 1:15-17

““He is the image of the invisible God, the He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. For by Him all things firstborn over all creation. For by Him all things were created that are in heaven and that are on were created that are in heaven and that are on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers. All dominions or principalities or powers. All things were created through Him and for Him. things were created through Him and for Him. And He is before all things, and in Him all things And He is before all things, and in Him all things consist.”consist.”

““He is the image of the invisible God, the He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. For by Him all things firstborn over all creation. For by Him all things were created that are in heaven and that are on were created that are in heaven and that are on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or principalities or powers. All dominions or principalities or powers. All things were created through Him and for Him. things were created through Him and for Him. And He is before all things, and in Him all things And He is before all things, and in Him all things consist.”consist.”

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12. 1 Timothy 3:1612. 1 Timothy 3:1612. 1 Timothy 3:1612. 1 Timothy 3:16

““And without controversy great is the mystery And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifested in the flesh, of godliness: God was manifested in the flesh, Justified in the Spirit, Seen by angels, Preached Justified in the Spirit, Seen by angels, Preached among the Gentiles, Believed on in the world, among the Gentiles, Believed on in the world, Received up in glory.”Received up in glory.”

““And without controversy great is the mystery And without controversy great is the mystery of godliness: God was manifested in the flesh, of godliness: God was manifested in the flesh, Justified in the Spirit, Seen by angels, Preached Justified in the Spirit, Seen by angels, Preached among the Gentiles, Believed on in the world, among the Gentiles, Believed on in the world, Received up in glory.”Received up in glory.”

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ProbabilityProbability TextText DateDate TypeType TranslationTranslation

CertainCertain

John 1:1John 1:1

John 20:28John 20:28

90s90s

30s30s

TheosTheos

o theoso theos

““And the Word was And the Word was God”God”

““My Lord and my My Lord and my God”God”

Very Very ProbableProbable

Romans 9:5Romans 9:5 ca. 57ca. 57 TheosTheos “… “… came Christ who came Christ who is supreme over all as is supreme over all as God”God”

Titus 2:13Titus 2:13 ca. 63ca. 63 o theoso theos ““our great God and our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ”Savior, Jesus Christ”

Hebrews 1:8Hebrews 1:8 60s60s o theoso theos ““Your throne O God”Your throne O God”

2 Peter 1:12 Peter 1:1 ca. 65ca. 65 o theoso theos “… “… of our God and of our God and Savior, Jesus Christ”Savior, Jesus Christ”

ProbableProbable John 1:18John 1:18 90s90s TheosTheos ““The only Son, who is The only Son, who is God”God”

Scriptures proving Divinity of ChristScriptures proving Divinity of ChristScriptures proving Divinity of ChristScriptures proving Divinity of Christ

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jEn jEn (In) (In) ajrch`/ ajrch`/ ((beginning) beginning) h\n h\n ((was)was) oJ oJ ((the)the) lovgo", lovgo", ((Word)Word) kai; kai; (and)(and) oJ oJ ((the) the) lovgo" lovgo" (Word)(Word) h\n h\n ((was)was) pro;" pro;" (with or beside)(with or beside) to;n to;n (the)(the) qeovn,qeovn, (God) (God) kai; kai; (and)(and) qeo;" qeo;" (God)(God) h\n h\n (was)(was) oJ oJ ((the)the) lovgo". lovgo". ((WordWord)) 2 2 ou|to" ou|to" (He)(He) h\n h\n ((was)was) ejn ejn (in)(in) ajrch`/ ajrch`/ (beginning)(beginning) pro;" pro;" (with or beside)(with or beside) to;n to;n ((the)the) qeovn. qeovn. ( (God)God)

jEn jEn (In) (In) ajrch`/ ajrch`/ ((beginning) beginning) h\n h\n ((was)was) oJ oJ ((the)the) lovgo", lovgo", ((Word)Word) kai; kai; (and)(and) oJ oJ ((the) the) lovgo" lovgo" (Word)(Word) h\n h\n ((was)was) pro;" pro;" (with or beside)(with or beside) to;n to;n (the)(the) qeovn,qeovn, (God) (God) kai; kai; (and)(and) qeo;" qeo;" (God)(God) h\n h\n (was)(was) oJ oJ ((the)the) lovgo". lovgo". ((WordWord)) 2 2 ou|to" ou|to" (He)(He) h\n h\n ((was)was) ejn ejn (in)(in) ajrch`/ ajrch`/ (beginning)(beginning) pro;" pro;" (with or beside)(with or beside) to;n to;n ((the)the) qeovn. qeovn. ( (God)God)

Word wasWord was Word wasWord wasthethethethe inininin

beginningbeginningthethethethe

Word was GodWord was God Word was GodWord was Godthethethethe

Word wasWord wasWord wasWord wasthethethethe with

withwithwith GodGodGodGod

thethethethe

John 1:1…John 1:1…John 1:1…John 1:1…

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John 1:1-2…John 1:1-2…John 1:1-2…John 1:1-2…

pro;" pro;" (pros)(pros)pro;" pro;" (pros)(pros)Definition: 1. To, towards, denoting direction

towards a thing, or position and state, looking towards a thing; it is used of the goal or limit towards which a movement is directed. 2. It is used of close proximity-- the idea of direction, though not entirely lost, being more or less weakened, answering to our at or by. 3. Of relation or reference to any person or thing. 4. At, near, hard by, denoting close local proximity.

Definition: 1. To, towards, denoting direction towards a thing, or position and state, looking towards a thing; it is used of the goal or limit towards which a movement is directed. 2. It is used of close proximity-- the idea of direction, though not entirely lost, being more or less weakened, answering to our at or by. 3. Of relation or reference to any person or thing. 4. At, near, hard by, denoting close local proximity.

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John 1:18…John 1:18…John 1:18…John 1:18…

““No one has seen God at any time. The only No one has seen God at any time. The only begotten Son begotten Son [margin = “NU God”][margin = “NU God”], who is in the , who is in the bosom of the Father, He has declared Him.”bosom of the Father, He has declared Him.”

““No one has seen God at any time. The only No one has seen God at any time. The only begotten Son begotten Son [margin = “NU God”][margin = “NU God”], who is in the , who is in the bosom of the Father, He has declared Him.”bosom of the Father, He has declared Him.”

MonogenesMonogenes = Greek for “only begotten.” Means = Greek for “only begotten.” Means “single of its kind; only”– Thayer’s Greek-English “single of its kind; only”– Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon.Lexicon.

MonogenesMonogenes = Greek for “only begotten.” Means = Greek for “only begotten.” Means “single of its kind; only”– Thayer’s Greek-English “single of its kind; only”– Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon.Lexicon.

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““But the best old Greek manuscripts (Aleph B But the best old Greek manuscripts (Aleph B C L) read C L) read μονογενηςθεοςμονογενηςθεος (God only begotten) (God only begotten) which is undoubtedly the true text. Probably which is undoubtedly the true text. Probably some scribe changed it to some scribe changed it to ο μονογενης υιοςο μονογενης υιος to to obviate the blunt statement of the deity of obviate the blunt statement of the deity of Christ and to make it like 3:16.”Christ and to make it like 3:16.”

““But the best old Greek manuscripts (Aleph B But the best old Greek manuscripts (Aleph B C L) read C L) read μονογενηςθεοςμονογενηςθεος (God only begotten) (God only begotten) which is undoubtedly the true text. Probably which is undoubtedly the true text. Probably some scribe changed it to some scribe changed it to ο μονογενης υιοςο μονογενης υιος to to obviate the blunt statement of the deity of obviate the blunt statement of the deity of Christ and to make it like 3:16.”Christ and to make it like 3:16.”

Robertson on John 1:18…Robertson on John 1:18…Robertson on John 1:18…Robertson on John 1:18…

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11 The The LORDLORD said unto my said unto my Lord Lord, Sit thou , Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool. enemies thy footstool. 22The The LORDLORD shall shall send the rod of thy strength out of Zion: send the rod of thy strength out of Zion: rule thou in the midst of thine enemies. rule thou in the midst of thine enemies. 33Thy people Thy people shall beshall be willing in the day of willing in the day of thy power, in the beauties of holiness thy power, in the beauties of holiness from the womb of the morning: thou from the womb of the morning: thou hast the dew of thy youth. hast the dew of thy youth. 44The The LORDLORD hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou artart a priest for ever after the order of a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek. Melchizedek. 55The The LordLord at thy right at thy right hand shall strike through kings in the hand shall strike through kings in the day of his wrath. day of his wrath. 66He shall judge among He shall judge among the heathen, he shall fill the heathen, he shall fill the placesthe places with with the dead bodies; he shall wound the the dead bodies; he shall wound the heads over many countries. heads over many countries. 77He shall He shall drink of the brook in the way: therefore drink of the brook in the way: therefore shall he lift up the head.shall he lift up the head.

11 The The LORDLORD said unto my said unto my Lord Lord, Sit thou , Sit thou at my right hand, until I make thine at my right hand, until I make thine enemies thy footstool. enemies thy footstool. 22The The LORDLORD shall shall send the rod of thy strength out of Zion: send the rod of thy strength out of Zion: rule thou in the midst of thine enemies. rule thou in the midst of thine enemies. 33Thy people Thy people shall beshall be willing in the day of willing in the day of thy power, in the beauties of holiness thy power, in the beauties of holiness from the womb of the morning: thou from the womb of the morning: thou hast the dew of thy youth. hast the dew of thy youth. 44The The LORDLORD hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou hath sworn, and will not repent, Thou artart a priest for ever after the order of a priest for ever after the order of Melchizedek. Melchizedek. 55The The LordLord at thy right at thy right hand shall strike through kings in the hand shall strike through kings in the day of his wrath. day of his wrath. 66He shall judge among He shall judge among the heathen, he shall fill the heathen, he shall fill the placesthe places with with the dead bodies; he shall wound the the dead bodies; he shall wound the heads over many countries. heads over many countries. 77He shall He shall drink of the brook in the way: therefore drink of the brook in the way: therefore shall he lift up the head.shall he lift up the head.

òyb,yÒao tyvia;Adòyb,yÒao tyvia;Ad[[' ' ynIymiyli bve ynIdoal ' ynIymiyli bve ynIdoal '

hwhw::hyÒ µaunÒ hyÒ µaunÒ rwmozÒmi dwId;lrwmozÒmi dwId;l]]

..òyl,gÒr'lòyl,gÒr'l] ] µdoh} µdoh}

..òyb,yÒao br,q,Bòyb,yÒao br,q,B] ] hderhder] ] ÷wYœXimi ÷wYœXimi

hwhw::hyÒ jl'vhyÒ jl'v]]yI yI òZÒòZÒ[[uAhFem'uAhFem'

òlòl] ] rj;vrj;v]]mi µj,r,me mi µj,r,me vd,qoAyredvd,qoAyred]]h'Bh'B] ] òl,yje òl,yje

µwyœBµwyœB] ] tbod;nÒ òMtbod;nÒ òM][][' ' ..òyt,dulòyt,dul]]yy" " lf' lf' qd,x,AyKilqd,x,AyKil]]m' m'

ytir;bytir;b]]DiAlDiAl[[' µl;w' µl;w[[olol] ] ÷hekoAhT;a' µjeN÷hekoAhT;a' µjeN::yI yI

al¿wÒ hwal¿wÒ hw::hyÒ hyÒ [[B'vB'v]]nI nI 44..µykil;mµykil;m] ]

wPoa'AµwyœBwPoa'AµwyœB] ] Åj'm; Åj'm; ònÒymiyÒAlònÒymiyÒAl[[' yn' yn::doa} doa}

55..hB;r' År,a,AlhB;r' År,a,Al[[' varo ' varo

Åj'm; twYœwIgÒ alem; Åj'm; twYœwIgÒ alem; µyIwGOB' ÷ydiyµyIwGOB' ÷ydiy: : 66

..varo µyriyvaro µyriy: : ÷KeAl÷KeAl[[' ' hT,vhT,v]]yI Jr,D,B' lj'NyI Jr,D,B' lj'N""mi 7mi 7

òyb,yÒao tyvia;Adòyb,yÒao tyvia;Ad[[' ' ynIymiyli bve ynIdoal ' ynIymiyli bve ynIdoal '

hwhw::hyÒ µaunÒ hyÒ µaunÒ rwmozÒmi dwId;lrwmozÒmi dwId;l]]

..òyl,gÒr'lòyl,gÒr'l] ] µdoh} µdoh}

..òyb,yÒao br,q,Bòyb,yÒao br,q,B] ] hderhder] ] ÷wYœXimi ÷wYœXimi

hwhw::hyÒ jl'vhyÒ jl'v]]yI yI òZÒòZÒ[[uAhFem'uAhFem'

òlòl] ] rj;vrj;v]]mi µj,r,me mi µj,r,me vd,qoAyredvd,qoAyred]]h'Bh'B] ] òl,yje òl,yje

µwyœBµwyœB] ] tbod;nÒ òMtbod;nÒ òM][][' ' ..òyt,dulòyt,dul]]yy" " lf' lf' qd,x,AyKilqd,x,AyKil]]m' m'

ytir;bytir;b]]DiAlDiAl[[' µl;w' µl;w[[olol] ] ÷hekoAhT;a' µjeN÷hekoAhT;a' µjeN::yI yI

al¿wÒ hwal¿wÒ hw::hyÒ hyÒ [[B'vB'v]]nI nI 44..µykil;mµykil;m] ]

wPoa'AµwyœBwPoa'AµwyœB] ] Åj'm; Åj'm; ònÒymiyÒAlònÒymiyÒAl[[' yn' yn::doa} doa}

55..hB;r' År,a,AlhB;r' År,a,Al[[' varo ' varo

Åj'm; twYœwIgÒ alem; Åj'm; twYœwIgÒ alem; µyIwGOB' ÷ydiyµyIwGOB' ÷ydiy: : 66

..varo µyriyvaro µyriy: : ÷KeAl÷KeAl[[' ' hT,vhT,v]]yI Jr,D,B' lj'NyI Jr,D,B' lj'N""mi 7mi 7

Psalm 110 and the Divinity of ChristPsalm 110 and the Divinity of ChristPsalm 110 and the Divinity of ChristPsalm 110 and the Divinity of Christ

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hwhw::hyÒ hyÒ ((YHWHYHWH));;hwhw::hyÒ hyÒ ((YHWHYHWH));;

ynyn::doa} doa} ((AdonaiAdonai))ynyn::doa} doa} ((AdonaiAdonai))

Bullinger’s Companion Bible: “Out of extreme (but mistaken) reverence for the Ineffable Name ‘Jehovah’, the ancient custodians of the Sacred Text substituted in many places ‘Adonai’. These, in the AV and RV, are all printed ‘Lord’, marking the word with an asterisk in addition to the note in the margin, to inform the reader of the fact. The official list given in the Massorah (107-15 Ginsburg’s edition) contains the 134.”

Psalm 110:5 is one of the 134 locations that YHWH was replaced with Adonai. In addition there are 15 “extraordinary points” and 18 “emendations” in the text. [See Genesis 18:16-23].

Bullinger’s Companion Bible: “Out of extreme (but mistaken) reverence for the Ineffable Name ‘Jehovah’, the ancient custodians of the Sacred Text substituted in many places ‘Adonai’. These, in the AV and RV, are all printed ‘Lord’, marking the word with an asterisk in addition to the note in the margin, to inform the reader of the fact. The official list given in the Massorah (107-15 Ginsburg’s edition) contains the 134.”

Psalm 110:5 is one of the 134 locations that YHWH was replaced with Adonai. In addition there are 15 “extraordinary points” and 18 “emendations” in the text. [See Genesis 18:16-23].

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In the New Testament Psalm 110 is the most quoted In the New Testament Psalm 110 is the most quoted portion of scripture from the Old Testament. The New portion of scripture from the Old Testament. The New Testament leaves little doubt that the reference is to Testament leaves little doubt that the reference is to Jesus Christ and not David or Abraham.Jesus Christ and not David or Abraham.

Psalm 110 is quoted by:Psalm 110 is quoted by:Jesus:Jesus: Matthew 22:44; Matthew 26:64; Mark 12:36; Mark Matthew 22:44; Matthew 26:64; Mark 12:36; Mark 14:62; Mark 16:19; Luke 20:42, 43; Luke 22:69; 14:62; Mark 16:19; Luke 20:42, 43; Luke 22:69; Revelation 3:21.Revelation 3:21.PeterPeter: Acts 2:33-34, Acts 5:31, I Peter 3:22. : Acts 2:33-34, Acts 5:31, I Peter 3:22. Stephen:Stephen: Acts 7:55-56. Acts 7:55-56.Paul:Paul: Romans 8:34; I Corinthians 15:25; Ephesians 1:20; Romans 8:34; I Corinthians 15:25; Ephesians 1:20; Ephesians 2:6 Colossians 3:1; Hebrews 1:3; Hebrews Ephesians 2:6 Colossians 3:1; Hebrews 1:3; Hebrews 1:13 Hebrews 8:1; Hebrews 10:12-13; Hebrews 12:2. 1:13 Hebrews 8:1; Hebrews 10:12-13; Hebrews 12:2.

In the New Testament Psalm 110 is the most quoted In the New Testament Psalm 110 is the most quoted portion of scripture from the Old Testament. The New portion of scripture from the Old Testament. The New Testament leaves little doubt that the reference is to Testament leaves little doubt that the reference is to Jesus Christ and not David or Abraham.Jesus Christ and not David or Abraham.

Psalm 110 is quoted by:Psalm 110 is quoted by:Jesus:Jesus: Matthew 22:44; Matthew 26:64; Mark 12:36; Mark Matthew 22:44; Matthew 26:64; Mark 12:36; Mark 14:62; Mark 16:19; Luke 20:42, 43; Luke 22:69; 14:62; Mark 16:19; Luke 20:42, 43; Luke 22:69; Revelation 3:21.Revelation 3:21.PeterPeter: Acts 2:33-34, Acts 5:31, I Peter 3:22. : Acts 2:33-34, Acts 5:31, I Peter 3:22. Stephen:Stephen: Acts 7:55-56. Acts 7:55-56.Paul:Paul: Romans 8:34; I Corinthians 15:25; Ephesians 1:20; Romans 8:34; I Corinthians 15:25; Ephesians 1:20; Ephesians 2:6 Colossians 3:1; Hebrews 1:3; Hebrews Ephesians 2:6 Colossians 3:1; Hebrews 1:3; Hebrews 1:13 Hebrews 8:1; Hebrews 10:12-13; Hebrews 12:2. 1:13 Hebrews 8:1; Hebrews 10:12-13; Hebrews 12:2.

Psalm 110…Psalm 110…Psalm 110…Psalm 110…

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If Jesus were not fully God, If Jesus were not fully God, then how do we explain…then how do we explain…If Jesus were not fully God, If Jesus were not fully God, then how do we explain…then how do we explain…

1.1. How can Jesus be the exact representation of the How can Jesus be the exact representation of the Nature of God (Nature of God (Hebrews 1:3Hebrews 1:3)?)?

2.2. How can Jesus, the Christ dwell in you How can Jesus, the Christ dwell in you ((Colossians 1:27Colossians 1:27)?)?

3.3. How can He be our only Lord and Master (How can He be our only Lord and Master (Jude Jude 44)?)?

4.4. Why was Jesus worshiped (Why was Jesus worshiped (Matthew 14:33Matthew 14:33) when ) when He says to worship God only (He says to worship God only (Matthew 4:10Matthew 4:10)?)?

5.5. How can Paul state that He was equal with God How can Paul state that He was equal with God ((Philippians 2:5-11Philippians 2:5-11)?)?

1.1. How can Jesus be the exact representation of the How can Jesus be the exact representation of the Nature of God (Nature of God (Hebrews 1:3Hebrews 1:3)?)?

2.2. How can Jesus, the Christ dwell in you How can Jesus, the Christ dwell in you ((Colossians 1:27Colossians 1:27)?)?

3.3. How can He be our only Lord and Master (How can He be our only Lord and Master (Jude Jude 44)?)?

4.4. Why was Jesus worshiped (Why was Jesus worshiped (Matthew 14:33Matthew 14:33) when ) when He says to worship God only (He says to worship God only (Matthew 4:10Matthew 4:10)?)?

5.5. How can Paul state that He was equal with God How can Paul state that He was equal with God ((Philippians 2:5-11Philippians 2:5-11)?)?

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Overview of Study…Overview of Study…Overview of Study…Overview of Study…

1.1. A look at the various ideas about A look at the various ideas about the “nature of God.”the “nature of God.”

2.2. Analyze the divinity of Christ as Analyze the divinity of Christ as explained in the New Testament.explained in the New Testament.

3.3. Study in detail John 1 and Psalm Study in detail John 1 and Psalm 110.110.

1.1. A look at the various ideas about A look at the various ideas about the “nature of God.”the “nature of God.”

2.2. Analyze the divinity of Christ as Analyze the divinity of Christ as explained in the New Testament.explained in the New Testament.

3.3. Study in detail John 1 and Psalm Study in detail John 1 and Psalm 110.110.

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Next Class…Next Class…

The Holy SpiritThe Holy Spirit

A person?A person?

Or the power of God?Or the power of God?

Next Class…Next Class…

The Holy SpiritThe Holy Spirit

A person?A person?

Or the power of God?Or the power of God?

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Instructor: Jim FranksInstructor: Jim FranksDate: March 2011Date: March 2011Instructor: Jim FranksInstructor: Jim FranksDate: March 2011Date: March 2011

© 2011 Church of God, © 2011 Church of God, a Worldwide Associationa Worldwide Association© 2011 Church of God, © 2011 Church of God, a Worldwide Associationa Worldwide Association

Church of God, Church of God, a Worldwide Associationa Worldwide Association

Church of God, Church of God, a Worldwide Associationa Worldwide Association