Exhaust PM and NOx Emissions from Individual Heavy-Duty Trucks

at the Port of Oakland

Timothy Dallmann and Robert Harley University of California, Berkeley

Thomas Kirchstetter Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Acknowledgments

 Phil Martien, Virginia Lau & other District staff (Bay Area AQMD)

 Drew Gentner (UC Berkeley)

 Brad Edgar (Cleaire)

 Research funding: Bay Area AQMD

Introduction  Communities near ports and rail yards

have disproportionate diesel exhaust impact (trucks, locomotives, ships)

Port of Oakland

West Oakland

UP and BNSF Rail Yards

SF-Oakland Bay Bridge

Port of Oakland Truck Age Age of trucks entering/exiting terminal gates

1817 unique license plates matched to DMV records ~100% HD diesel trucks. Survey date: Oct/Nov 2008

50% of trucks 1997 or older

ARB Port Truck Rule

Port of Oakland Truck Program

 $25M grant funding provided by ARB, BAAQMD, Port of Oakland, and EPA » 1300 trucks retrofit with diesel particle

filters (DPF) – 4 different filter designs » 200 new truck replacements »  truck owners paid some of the costs

  In this study, Port truck emissions were measured in Nov 2009 and Jun 2010 » most retrofits happened during this period

UP  Rail  Yard  

TO      I-­‐880  S    

TO/FROM    Port    

SAMPLING  LOCATION  

Mobile Lab Measurements

Species Instrument Method

CO2 Li-Cor 820 Non-dispersive infrared absorption

NOx Eco Physics CLD 64 Chemiluminescence

BC Aethalometer Light attenuation (filter)

PM2.5 TSI DustTrak Light scattering

All measurements had 1-second time resolution

Sample Truck Plumes Truck with low BC/PM emissions A typical “average” truck

Black Carbon Emission Factors

PM2.5 Emission Factors

NOx Emission Factors

Discussion/Summary  Emission factor reductions

» ~50% for exhaust PM/black carbon » ~40% for NOx (surprising given DPF focus)

» Port truck clean-up occurred rapidly – Similar reductions for HD trucks @ Caldecott

tunnel took 9 years (1997-2006) to achieve!

 Further measurements planned in 2011 » NO/NO2 split, particle # and size distribution » durability of retrofits?