pm2.5 particulate monitoring in ambient air.docx

8/9/2019 PM2.5 particulate monitoring in Ambient Air.docx

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http://www.law.cornell.edu/cfr/text/40/part-50/appendix-L

40 CFR Part 50, Appendix L to Part 50 - Reference

ethod for the !eter"ination of Fine Particulate attera# P$.5 in the At"o#phere

APPENDIX L TO PART 50—R EFERENCE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF FINE

PARTICULATE MATTER AS PM2.5 IN THE ATMOSPHERE

1.0 Applicability.

1.1This method provides for the measurement of the mass concentration of fine

particulate matter having an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a nominal 2.5

micrometers (PM2.5) in amient air over a 2!"hour period for purposes of determining

#hether the primary and secondary national amient air quality standards for fine

particulate matter specified in $ 50.% and $ 50.1& of this part are met. The

measurement process is considered to e nondestructive' and the PM2.5 sample

otained can e suected to susequent physical or chemical analyses. uality

assessment procedures are provided in part 5*' appendi+ , of this chapter' and quality

assurance guidance are provided in references 1' 2' and & in section 1&.0 of this

appendi+.

1.2 This method #ill e considered a reference method for purposes of part 5* of this

chapter only if-

(a) The associated sampler meets the requirements specified in this appendi+ and the

applicale requirements in part 5& of this chapter' and

() The method and associated sampler have een designated as a reference method in

accordance #ith part5& of this chapter.

1.& PM2.5 samplers that meet nearly all specifications set forth in this method ut have

minor deviations andor modifications of the reference method sampler #ill e

designated as /lass equivalent methods for PM2.5 in accordance #ith part 5& of thischapter.

2.0 Principle.

2.1 ,n electrically po#ered air sampler dra#s amient air at a constant volumetric flo#

rate into a specially shaped inlet and through an inertial particle si3e separator

(impactor) #here the suspended particulate matter in the PM2.5 si3e range is separated

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for collection on a polytetrafluoroethylene (PT4) filter over the specified sampling

period. The air sampler and other aspects of this reference method are specified either

e+plicitly in this appendi+ or generally #ith reference to other applicale regulations or

quality assurance guidance.

2.2 ach filter is #eighed (after moisture and temperature conditioning) efore and

after sample collection to determine the net gain due to collected PM2.5. The total

volume of air sampled is determined y the sampler from the measured flo# rate at

actual amient temperature and pressure and the sampling time. The mass

concentration of PM2.5 in the amient air is computed as the total mass of collected

particles in the PM2.5 si3e range divided y the actual volume of air sampled' and is

e+pressed in micrograms per cuic meter of air (6gm&).

&.0 PM 2.5 Measurement Range.

&.1 Lower concentration limit. The lo#er detection limit of the mass concentrationmeasurement range is estimated to e appro+imately 2 6gm&' ased on noted mass

changes in field lan7s in conunction #ith the 2! m& nominal total air sample volume

specified for the 2!"hour sample.

&.2 Upper concentration limit. The upper limit of the mass concentration range is

determined y the filter mass loading eyond #hich the sampler can no longer maintain

the operating flo# rate #ithin specified limits due to increased pressure drop across the

loaded filter. This upper limit cannot e specified precisely ecause it is a comple+

function of the amient particle si3e distriution and type' humidity' the individual filter

used' the capacity of the sampler flo# rate control system' and perhaps other factors.8evertheless' all samplers are estimated to e capale of measuring 2!"hour

PM2.5 mass concentrations of at least 200 6gm& #hile maintaining the operating flo#

rate #ithin the specified limits.

&.& Sample period. The required sample period for PM2.5 concentration measurements

y this method shall e 1'&*0 to 1500 minutes (2& to 25 hours). 9o#ever' #hen a

sample period is less than 1'&*0 minutes' the measured concentration (as determined

y the collected PM2.5 mass divided y the actual sampled air volume)' multiplied y the

actual numer of minutes in the sample period and divided y 1'!!0' may e used as if

it #ere a valid concentration measurement for the specific purpose of determining a

violation of the 8,,:. This value assumes that the PM2.5 concentration is 3ero for the

remaining portion of the sample period and therefore represents the minimum

concentration that could have een measured for the full 2!"hour sample period.

,ccordingly' if the value thus calculated is high enough to e an e+ceedance' such an

e+ceedance #ould e a valid e+ceedance for the sample period. ;hen reported to ,


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this data value should receive a special code to identify it as not to e commingled #ith

normal concentration measurements or used for other purposes.

!.0 Accuracy.

!.1 =ecause the si3e and volatility of the particles ma7ing up amient particulatematter vary over a #ide range and the mass concentration of particles varies #ith

particle si3e' it is difficult to define the accuracy of PM2.5measurements in an asolute

sense. The accuracy of PM2.5 measurements is therefore defined in a relative sense'

referenced to measurements provided y this reference method. ,ccordingly' accuracy

shall e defined as the degree of agreement et#een a suect field PM 2.5 sampler and a

collocated PM2.5 reference method audit sampler operating simultaneously at the

monitoring site location of the suect sampler and includes oth random (precision)

and systematic (ias) errors. The requirements for this field sampler audit procedure

are set forth in part 5*' appendi+ , of this chapter.

!.2 Measurement system bias. ,M: monitoring

net#or7s e assessed periodically via audits of each sampler?s operational flo# rate. n

addition' part 5*' appendi+ , of this chapter requires that flo# rate ias for each

reference and equivalent method operated y each reporting organi3ation e assessed

quarterly and annually.


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5.1 Tests to estalish initial operational precision for each reference method sampler

are specified as a part of the requirements for designation as a reference method under

$ 5&.5* of this chapter.

5.2 Measurement System Precision. ollocated sampler results' #here the duplicate

sampler is not a reference method sampler ut is a sampler of the same designated

method as the primary sampler' are used to assess measurement system precision

according to the schedule and procedure specified in part 5*' appendi+ , of this

chapter. Part 5*' appendi+ , of this chapter requires that these collocated sampler

measurements e used to calculate quarterly and annual precision estimates for each

primary sampler and for each designated method employed y each reporting

organi3ation.


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average difference et#een the initial and the final filter #eights of a random sample of

test filters selected from each lot prior to sale. The numer of filters tested shall e not

less than 0.1 percent of the filters of each manufacturing lot' or 10 filters' #hichever is

greater. The filters shall e #eighed under laoratory conditions and shall have had no

air sample passed through them' i.e.' filter lan7s. ach test procedure must include

initial conditioning and #eighing' the test' and final conditioning and #eighing.

onditioning and #eighing shall e in accordance #ith sections *.0 through *.2 of this

appendi+ and general guidance provided in reference 2 of section 1&.0 of this appendi+.

@.B.1 %est for loose& surface particle contamination. ,fter the initial #eighing' install

each test filter' in turn' in a filter cassette (4igures >"2%' >"2*' and >"2B of this

appendi+) and drop the cassette from a height of 25 cm to a flat hard surface' such as

a particle"free #ood ench.


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(a) Provide automatic control of sample volumetric flo# rate and other operational

parameters.

() Monitor these operational parameters as #ell as amient temperature and pressure.

(c) Provide this information to the sampler operator at the end of each sample period indigital form' as specified in tale >"1 of section %.!.1B of this appendi+.

%.2 (ature of specifications. The PM2.5 sampler is specified y a comination of design

and performance requirements. The sample inlet' do#ntue' particle si3e discriminator'

filter cassette' and the internal configuration of the filter holder assemly are specified

e+plicitly y design figures and associated mechanical dimensions' tolerances'

materials' surface finishes' assemly instructions' and other necessary specifications.

,ll other aspects of the sampler are specified y required operational function and

performance' and the design of these other aspects (including the design of the lo#er

portion of the filter holder assemly) is optional' suect to acceptale operationalperformance. Test procedures to demonstrate compliance #ith oth the design and

performance requirements are set forth in supart of part 5& of this chapter.

%.& )esign specifications. +cept as indicated in this section %.& of this appendi+' these

components must e manufactured or reproduced e+actly as specified' in an :C B001"

registered facility' #ith registration initially approved and susequently maintained

during the period of manufacture. :ee $ 5&.1(t) of this chapter for the definition of an

:C"registered facility. Minor modifications or variances to one or more components

that clearly #ould not affect the aerodynamic performance of the inlet' do#ntue'

impactor' or filter cassette #ill e considered for specific approval. ,ny such proposedmodifications shall e descried and sumitted to the P, for specific individual

acceptaility either as part of a reference or equivalent method application under

part 5& of this chapter or in #riting in advance of such an intended application under

part 5& of this chapter.

%.&.1 Sample inlet assembly. The sample inlet assemly' consisting of the inlet'

do#ntue' and impactor shall e configured and assemled as indicated in 4igure >"1 of

this appendi+ and shall meet all associated requirements. , portion of this assemly

shall also e suect to the ma+imum overall sampler lea7 rate specification under

section %.!.@ of this appendi+.

%.&.2 *nlet. The sample inlet shall e faricated as indicated in 4igures >"2 through >"1*

of this appendi+ and shall meet all associated requirements.

%.&.& )owntube. The do#ntue shall e faricated as indicated in 4igure >"1B of this

appendi+ and shall meet all associated requirements.

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%.&.!Particle sie separator. The sampler shall e configured #ith either one of the t#o

alternative particle si3e separators descried in this section %.&.!. Cne separator is an

impactor"type separator (;8: impactor) descried in sections %.&.!.1' %.&.!.2' and

%.&.!.& of this appendi+. The alternative separator is a cyclone"type separator (H:TM)

descried in section %.&.!.! of this appendi+.

%.&.!.1 The impactor (particle si3e separator) shall e faricated as indicated in 4igures

>"20 through >"2! of this appendi+ and shall meet all associated requirements.

4ollo#ing the manufacture and finishing of each upper impactor housing (4igure >"21 of

this appendi+)' the dimension of the impaction et must e verified y the manufacturer

using lass II gono"go plug gauges that are traceale to 8:T.

%.&.!.2 mpactor filter specifications-

(a) :i3e. ircular' &5 to &% mm diameter.

() Medium. =orosilicate glass fier' #ithout inder.

(c) Pore si3e. 1 to 1.5 micrometer' as measured y ,:TM 4 &1@"*0.

(d) Thic7ness. &00 to 500 micrometers.

%.&.!.& mpactor oil specifications-

(a) omposition. Fioctyl seacate (FC:)' single"compound diffusion oil.

() Hapor pressure. Ma+imum 2J10+, mm 9g at 25 G.

(c) Hiscosity. &@ to !0 centisto7es at 25 G.

(d) Fensity. 1.0@ to 1.0% gcm& at 25 G.

(e) uantity. 1 m> A0.1 m>.

%.&.!.!The cyclone"type separator is identified as a =E H: TM Hery :harp ut yclone

particle si3e separator specified as part of P,"designated equivalent method PM"

0202"1!2 (@% 4< 155@%' ,pril 2' 2002) and as manufactured y =E ncorporated' 5*

Euinan :treet' ;altham' Massachusetts 20!51.

%.&.5 Filter holder assembly. The sampler shall have a sample filter holder assemly to

adapt and seal to the do#n tue and to hold and seal the specified filter' under section

@.0 of this appendi+' in the sample air stream in a hori3ontal position elo# the

do#ntue such that the sample air passes do#n#ard through the filter at a uniform

face velocity. The upper portion of this assemly shall e faricated as indicated in

4igures >"25 and >"2@ of this appendi+ and shall accept and seal #ith the filter cassette'

#hich shall e faricated as indicated in 4igures >"2% through >"2B of this appendi+.

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(a) The lo#er portion of the filter holder assemly shall e of a design and construction

that-

(1) Mates #ith the upper portion of the assemly to complete the filter holder assemly'

(2) ompletes oth the e+ternal air seal and the internal filter cassette seal such thatall seals are reliale over repeated filter changings' and

(&) 4acilitates repeated changing of the filter cassette y the sampler operator.

() >ea7"test performance requirements for the filter holder assemly are included in

section %.!.@ of this appendi+.

(c) f additional or multiple filters are stored in the sampler as part of an automatic

sequential sample capaility' all such filters' unless they are currently and directly

installed in a sampling channel or sampling configuration (either active or inactive)'

shall e covered or (preferaly) sealed in such a #ay as to-

(1) Preclude significant e+posure of the filter to possile contamination or accumulation

of dust' insects' or other material that may e present in the amient air' sampler' or

sampler ventilation air during storage periods either efore or after samplingK and

(2) To minimi3e loss of volatile or semi"volatile PM sample components during storage

of the filter follo#ing the sample period.

%.&.@ Flow rate measurement adapter. , flo# rate measurement adapter as specified in

4igure >"&0 of this appendi+ shall e furnished #ith each sampler.

%.&.% Surface finish. ,ll internal surfaces e+posed to sample air prior to the filter shall

e treated electrolytically in a sulfuric acid ath to produce a clear' uniform anodi3ed

surface finish of not less than 1000 mgft2 (1.0* mgcm2) in accordance #ith military

standard specification (mil. spec.) *@254' Type ' lass 1 in reference ! of section 1&.0

of this appendi+. This anodic surface coating shall not e dyed or pigmented. 4ollo#ing

anodi3ation' the surfaces shall e sealed y immersion in oiling deioni3ed #ater for not

less than 15 minutes. :ection 5&.51(d)(2) of this chapter should also e consulted.

%.&.* Sampling height. The sampler shall e equipped #ith legs' a stand' or other

means to maintain the sampler in a stale' upright position and such that the center ofthe sample air entrance to the inlet' during sample collection' is maintained in a

hori3ontal plane and is 2.0 A0.2 meters aove the floor or other hori3ontal supporting

surface. :uitale olt holes' rac7ets' tie"do#ns' or other means should e provided to

facilitate mechanically securing the sample to the supporting surface to prevent

toppling of the sampler due to #ind.

%.! Performance specifications.

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%.!.1 Sample flow rate. Proper operation of the impactor requires that specific air

velocities e maintained through the device. Therefore' the design sample air flo# rate

through the inlet shall e 1@.@% >min (1.000 m& hour) measured as actual volumetric

flo# rate at the temperature and pressure of the sample air entering the inlet.

%.!.2 Sample air flow rate control system. The sampler shall have a sample air flo# rate

control system #hich shall e capale of providing a sample air volumetric flo# rate

#ithin the specified range' under section %.!.1 of this appendi+' for the specified filter'

under section @.0 of this appendi+' at any atmospheric conditions specified' under

section %.!.% of this appendi+' at a filter pressure drop equal to that of a clean filter

plus up to %5 cm #ater column (55 mm 9g)' and over the specified range of supply line

voltage' under section %.!.15.1 of this appendi+. This flo# control system shall allo# for

operator adustment of the operational flo# rate of the sampler over a range of at least

A15 percent of the flo# rate specified in section %.!.1 of this appendi+.

%.!.& Sample flow rate regulation. The sample flo# rate shall e regulated such that forthe specified filter' under section @.0 of this appendi+' at any atmospheric conditions

specified' under section %.!.% of this appendi+' at a filter pressure drop equal to that of

a clean filter plus up to %5 cm #ater column (55 mm 9g)' and over the specified range

of supply line voltage' under section %.!.15.1 of this appendi+' the flo# rate is

regulated as follo#s-

%.!.&.1 The volumetric flo# rate' measured or averaged over intervals of not more than

5 minutes over a 2!"hour period' shall not vary more than A5 percent from the

specified 1@.@% >min flo# rate over the entire sample period.

%.!.&.2 The coefficient of variation (sample standard deviation divided y the mean) of

the flo# rate' measured over a 2!"hour period' shall not e greater than 2 percent.

%.!.&.& The amplitude of short"term flo# rate pulsations' such as may originate from

some types of vacuum pumps' shall e attenuated such that they do not cause

significant flo# measurement error or affect the collection of particles on the particle

collection filter.

%.!.! Flow rate cut off. The sampler?s sample air flo# rate control system shall

terminate sample collection and stop all sample flo# for the remainder of the sample

period in the event that the sample flo# rate deviates y more than 10 percent from

the sampler design flo# rate specified in section %.!.1 of this appendi+ for more than @0

seconds. 9o#ever' this sampler cut"off provision shall not apply during periods #hen

the sampler is inoperative due to a temporary po#er interruption' and the elapsed time

of the inoperative period shall not e included in the total sample time measured and

reported y the sampler' under section %.!.1& of this appendi+.

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%.!.5 Flow rate measurement.

%.!.5.1 The sampler shall provide a means to measure and indicate the instantaneous

sample air flo# rate' #hich shall e measured as volumetric flo# rate at the

temperature and pressure of the sample air entering the inlet' #ith an accuracy of A2

percent. The measured flo# rate shall e availale for display to the sampler operator

at any time in either sampling or standy modes' and the measurement shall e

updated at least every &0 seconds. The sampler shall also provide a simple means y

#hich the sampler operator can manually start the sample flo# temporarily during non"

sampling modes of operation' for the purpose of chec7ing the sample flo# rate or the

flo# rate measurement system.

%.!.5.2 Furing each sample period' the sampler?s flo# rate measurement system shall

automatically monitor the sample volumetric flo# rate' otaining flo# rate

measurements at intervals of not greater than &0 seconds.

(a) Lsing these interval flo# rate measurements' the sampler shall determine or

calculate the follo#ing flo#"related parameters' scaled in the specified engineering

units-

(1) The instantaneous or interval"average flo# rate' in >min.

(2) The value of the average sample flo# rate for the sample period' in >min.

(&) The value of the coefficient of variation (sample standard deviation divided y the

average) of the sample flo# rate for the sample period' in percent.

(!) The occurrence of any time interval during the sample period in #hich the measured

sample flo# rate e+ceeds a range of A5 percent of the average flo# rate for the sample

period for more than 5 minutes' in #hich case a #arning flag indicator shall e set.

(5) The value of the integrated total sample volume for the sample period' in m&.

() Fetermination or calculation of these values shall properly e+clude periods #hen the

sampler is inoperative due to temporary interruption of electrical po#er' under

section %.!.1& of this appendi+' or flo# rate cut off' under section %.!.! of this

appendi+.

(c) These parameters shall e accessile to the sampler operator as specified in tale >"

1 of section %.!.1B of this appendi+. n addition' it is strongly encouraged that the flo#

rate for each 5"minute interval during the sample period e availale to the operator

follo#ing the end of the sample period.

%.!.@ Lea! test capability.

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%[email protected] -"ternal lea!age. The sampler shall include an e+ternal air lea7"test capaility

consisting of components' accessory hard#are' operator interface controls' a #ritten

procedure in the associated Cperationnstruction Manual' under section %.!.1* of this

appendi+' and all other necessary functional capaility to permit and facilitate the

sampler operator to conveniently carry out a lea7 test of the sampler at a field

monitoring site #ithout additional equipment. The sampler components to e suected

to this lea7 test include all components and their interconnections in #hich e+ternal air

lea7age #ould or could cause an error in the sampler?s measurement of the total

volume of sample air that passes through the sample filter.

(a) The suggested technique for the operator to use for this lea7 test is as follo#s-

(1)


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(c) Hariations of the suggested technique or an alternative e+ternal lea7 test technique

may e required for samplers #hose design or configuration #ould ma7e the suggested

technique impossile or impractical. The specific proposed e+ternal lea7 test procedure'

or particularly an alternative lea7 test technique' proposed for a particular candidate

sampler may e descried and sumitted to the P, for specific individual acceptaility

either as part of a reference or equivalent method application under part 5& of this

chapter or in #riting in advance of such an intended application under part 5& of this

chapter.

%[email protected] *nternal& filter bypass lea!age. The sampler shall include an internal' filter

ypass lea7"chec7 capaility consisting of components' accessory hard#are' operator

interface controls' a #ritten procedure in the Cperationnstruction Manual' and all

other necessary functional capaility to permit and facilitate the sampler operator to

conveniently carry out a test for internal filter ypass lea7age in the sampler at a field

monitoring site #ithout additional equipment. The purpose of the test is to determine

that any portion of the sample flo# rate that lea7s past the sample filter #ithout

passing through the filter is insignificant relative to the design flo# rate for the sampler.

(a) The suggested technique for the operator to use for this lea7 test is as follo#s-

(1) arry out an e+ternal lea7 test as provided under section %[email protected] of this appendi+

#hich indicates successful passage of the prescried e+ternal lea7 test.

(2) nstall a flo#"impervious memrane material in the filter cassette' either #ith or

#ithout a filter' as appropriate' #hich effectively prevents air flo# through the filter.

(&) Lse the sampler air pump to dra# a partial vacuum in the sampler' do#nstream of

the filter holder assemly' of at least 55 mm 9g (%5 cm #ater column).

(!) Plug the flo# system do#nstream of the filter holder to isolate the components

under vacuum from the pump' such as #ith a uilt"in valve.

(5) :top the pump.

(@) Measure the trapped vacuum in the sampler #ith a uilt"in pressure measuring

device.

(%) Measure the vacuum in the sampler #ith the uilt"in pressure measuring device

again at a later time at least 10 minutes after the first pressure measurement.

(*)


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the numer of mm of 9g specified for the sampler y the manufacturer' ased on the

actual internal volume of the portion of the sampler under vacuum' that indicates a lea7

of less than *0 m>min.

(c) Hariations of the suggested technique or an alternative internal' filter ypass lea7

test technique may e required for samplers #hose design or configuration #ould ma7e

the suggested technique impossile or impractical. The specific proposed internal lea7

test procedure' or particularly an alternative internal lea7 test technique proposed for a

particular candidate sampler may e descried and sumitted to the P, for specific

individual acceptaility either as part of a reference or equivalent method application

under part 5& of this chapter or in #riting in advance of such intended application under

part 5& of this chapter.

%.!.% Range of operational conditions. The sampler is required to operate properly and

meet all requirements specified in this appendi+ over the follo#ing operational ranges.

%.!.%.1 Ambient temperature. "&0 to !5 G (8ote- ,lthough for practical reasons' the

temperature range over #hich samplers are required to e tested under part 5& of this

chapter is "20 to !0 G' the sampler shall e designed to operate properly over this

#ider temperature range.).

%.!.%.2 Ambient relati/e humidity. 0 to 100 percent.

%.!.%.& 0arometric pressure range. @00 to *00 mm 9g.

%.!.* Ambient temperature sensor. The sampler shall have capaility to measure the

temperature of the amient air surrounding the sampler over the range of "&0 to !5G' #ith a resolution of 0.1 G and accuracy of A2.0 G' referenced as descried in

reference & in section 1&.0 of this appendi+' #ith and #ithout ma+imum solar

insolation.

%.!.*.1 The amient temperature sensor shall e mounted e+ternal to the sampler

enclosure and shall have a passive' naturally ventilated sun shield. The sensor shall e

located such that the entire sun shield is at least 5 cm aove the hori3ontal plane of the

sampler case or enclosure (disregarding the inlet and do#ntue) and e+ternal to the

vertical plane of the nearest side or protuerance of the sampler case or enclosure. The

ma+imum temperature measurement error of the amient temperature measurementsystem shall e less than 1.@ G at 1 ms #ind speed and 1000 ;m2 solar radiation

intensity.

%.!.*.2 The amient temperature sensor shall e of such a design and mounted in such

a #ay as to facilitate its convenient dismounting and immersion in a liquid for

caliration and comparison to the filter temperature sensor' under section %.!.11 of this

appendi+.

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14/59

%.!.*.& This amient temperature measurement shall e updated at least every &0

seconds during oth sampling and standy (non"sampling) modes of operation. , visual

indication of the current (most recent) value of the amient temperature measurement'

updated at least every &0 seconds' shall e availale to the sampler operator during

oth sampling and standy (non"sampling) modes of operation' as specified in tale >"1

of section %.!.1B of this appendi+.

%.!.*.! This amient temperature measurement shall e used for the purpose of

monitoring filter temperature deviation from amient temperature' as required y

section %.!.11 of this appendi+' and may e used for purposes of effecting filter

temperature control' under section %.!.10 of this appendi+' or computation of

volumetric flo# rate' under sections %.!.1 to %.!.5 of this appendi+' if appropriate.

%.!.*.5 4ollo#ing the end of each sample period' the sampler shall report the

ma+imum' minimum' and average temperature for the sample period' as specified in

tale >"1 of section %.!.1B of this appendi+.

%.!.B Ambient barometric sensor. The sampler shall have capaility to measure the

arometric pressure of the air surrounding the sampler over a range of @00 to *00 mm

9g referenced as descried in reference & in section 1&.0 of this appendi+K also see

part 5&' supart of this chapter. This arometric pressure measurement shall have a

resolution of 5 mm 9g and an accuracy of A10 mm 9g and shall e updated at least

every &0 seconds. , visual indication of the value of the current (most recent)

arometric pressure measurement' updated at least every &0 seconds' shall e

availale to the sampler operator during oth sampling and standy (non"sampling)

modes of operation' as specified in tale >"1 of section %.!.1B of this appendi+. Thisarometric pressure measurement may e used for purposes of computation of

volumetric flo# rate' under sections %.!.1 to %.!.5 of this appendi+' if appropriate.

4ollo#ing the end of a sample period' the sampler shall report the ma+imum' minimum'

and mean arometric pressures for the sample period' as specified in tale >"1 of

section %.!.1B of this appendi+.

%.!.10 Filter temperature control #sampling and post1sampling$. The sampler shall

provide a means to limit the temperature rise of the sample filter (all sample filters for

sequential samplers)' from insolation and other sources' to no more 5 G aove the

temperature of the amient air surrounding the sampler' during oth sampling andpost"sampling periods of operation. The post"sampling period is the non"sampling

period et#een the end of the active sampling period and the time of retrieval of the

sample filter y the sampler operator.

%.!.11 Filter temperature sensor#s$.

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15/59

%.!.11.1 The sampler shall have the capaility to monitor the temperature of the

sample filter (all sample filters for sequential samplers) over the range of "&0 to !5 G

during oth sampling and non"sampling periods. ;hile the e+act location of this

temperature sensor is not e+plicitly specified' the filter temperature measurement

system must demonstrate agreement' #ithin 1 G' #ith a test temperature sensor

located #ithin 1 cm of the center of the filter do#nstream of the filter during oth

sampling and non"sampling modes' as specified in the filter temperature measurement

test descried in part 5&' supart of this chapter. This filter temperature

measurement shall have a resolution of 0.1 G and accuracy of A1.0 G' referenced as

descried in reference & in section 1&.0 of this appendi+. This temperature sensor shall

e of such a design and mounted in such a #ay as to facilitate its reasonaly

convenient dismounting and immersion in a liquid for caliration and comparison to the

amient temperature sensor under section %.!.* of this appendi+.

%.!.11.2 The filter temperature measurement shall e updated at least every &0

seconds during oth sampling and standy (non"sampling) modes of operation. , visual

indication of the current (most recent) value of the filter temperature measurement'

updated at least every &0 seconds' shall e availale to the sampler operator during

oth sampling and standy (non"sampling) modes of operation' as specified in tale >"1

of section%.!.1B of this appendi+.

%.!.11.& 4or sequential samplers' the temperature of each filter shall e measured

individually unless it can e sho#n' as specified in the filter temperature measurement

test descried in $ 5&.5% of this chapter' that the temperature of each filter can e

represented y fe#er temperature sensors.

%.!.11.! The sampler shall also provide a #arning flag indicator follo#ing any

occurrence in #hich the filter temperature (any filter temperature for sequential

samplers) e+ceeds the amient temperature y more than 5 G for more than &0

consecutive minutes during either the sampling or post"sampling periods of operation'

as specified in tale >"1 of section %.!.1B of this appendi+' under section 10.12 of this

appendi+' regarding sample validity #hen a #arning flag occurs. t is further

recommended (not required) that the sampler e capale of recording the ma+imum

differential et#een the measured filter temperature and the amient temperature and

its time and date of occurrence during oth sampling and post"sampling (non"sampling)

modes of operation and providing for those data to e accessile to the sampler

operator follo#ing the end of the sample period' as suggested in tale >"1 of

section %.!.1B of this appendi+.

%.!.12 Cloc!2timer system.

(a) The sampler shall have a programmale real"time cloc7 timingcontrol system that-

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16/59

(1) s capale of maintaining local time and date' including year' month' day"of"month'

hour' minute' and second to an accuracy of A1.0 minute per month.

(2) Provides a visual indication of the current system time' including year' month' day"

of"month' hour' and minute' updated at least each minute' for operator verification.

(&) Provides appropriate operator controls for setting the correct local time and date.

(!) s capale of starting the sample collection period and sample air flo# at a specific'

operator"settale time and date' and stopping the sample air flo# and terminating the

sampler collection period 2! hours (1!!0 minutes) later' or at a specific' operator"

settale time and date.

() These start and stop times shall e readily settale y the sampler operator to

#ithin A1.0 minute. The system shall provide a visual indication of the current start and

stop time settings' readale to A1.0 minute' for verification y the operator' and the

start and stop times shall also e availale via the data output port' as specified in tale

>"1 of section %.!.1B of this appendi+. Lpon e+ecution of a programmed sample period

start' the sampler shall automatically reset all sample period information and #arning

flag indications pertaining to a previous sample period.


17/59

%.!.15 -lectrical power supply.

%.!.15.1 The sampler shall e operale and function as specified herein #hen operated

on an electrical po#er supply voltage of 105 to 125 volts , (aoratories electrical safety requirements.

%.!.15.& The design of all electrical and electronic controls shall e such as to provide

reasonale resistance to interference or malfunction from ordinary or typical levels of

stray electromagnetic fields (M4) as may e found at various monitoring sites and

from typical levels of electrical transients or electronic noise as may often or

occasionally e present on various electrical po#er lines.

%.!.15.! n the event of temporary loss of electrical supply po#er to the sampler' the

sampler shall not e required to sample or provide other specified functions during such

loss of po#er' e+cept that the internal cloc7timer system shall maintain its local time

and date setting #ithin A1 minute per #ee7' and the sampler shall retain all other time

and programmale settings and all data required to e availale to the sampler

operator follo#ing each sample period for at least % days #ithout electrical supply

po#er. ;hen electrical po#er is asent at the operator"set time for starting a sample

period or is interrupted during a sample period' the sampler shall automatically start or

resume sampling #hen electrical po#er is restored' if such restoration of po#er occurs

efore the operator"set stop time for the sample period.

%.!.15.5 The sampler shall have the capaility to record and retain a record of the year'

month' day"of"month' hour' and minute of the start of each po#er interruption of more

than 1 minute duration' up to 10 such po#er interruptions per sample period. (More

than 10 such po#er interruptions shall invalidate the sample' e+cept #here an

e+ceedance is measured' under section &.& of this appendi+.) The sampler shall provide

for these po#er interruption data to e availale to the sampler operator follo#ing the

end of the sample period' as specified in tale >"1 of section %.!.1B of this appendi+.

%.!.1@ Control de/ices and operator interface. The sampler shall have mechanical'

electrical' or electronic controls' control devices' electrical or electronic circuits as

necessary to provide the timing' flo# rate measurement and control' temperature

control' data storage and computation' operator interface' and other functions

specified. Cperator"accessile controls' data displays' and interface devices shall e

designed to e simple' straightfor#ard' reliale' and easy to learn' read' and operate

under field conditions. The sampler shall have provision for operator input and storage

of up to @! characters of numeric (or alphanumeric) data for purposes of site' sampler'

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18/59

and sample identification. This information shall e availale to the sampler operator for

verification and change and for output via the data output port along #ith other data

follo#ing the end of a sample period' as specified in tale >"1 of section %.!.1B of this

appendi+. ,ll data required to e availale to the operator follo#ing a sample collection

period or otained during standy mode in a post"sampling period shall e retained y

the sampler until reset' either manually y the operator or automatically y the sampler

upon initiation of a ne# sample collection period.

%.!.1% )ata output port re'uirement. The sampler shall have a standard


19/59

Table L-1 to Ae!"#$ L o% Pa&t 50 —S'((a&) o% I!%o&(at#o! To *e P&o+#"e"

b) t,e Sa(le&

I!%o&(at#

o! to be

&o+#"e"

Ae!"#$ L

et#o!&e%e&e

!e

A+a#lab#l#t) Fo&(at

A!)t#(

e1

E!"

o%eo"2

/#'al"#l

a)Datao't

'tD##tal&ea"#

!5 U!#t

✓ Provision of this information is required.

N Provision of this information is optional. f information related to the entire sample

period is optionally provided prior to the end of the sample period' the value provided

should e the value calculated for the portion of the sampler period completed up to the

time the information is provided.

O ndicates that this information is also required to e provided to the ,ir uality

:ystem (,:) data an7K see $ 5*.1@ of this chapter. 4or amient temperature and

arometric pressure' only the average for the sample period must e reported.

1. nformation is required to e availale to the operator at any time the sampler is

operating' #hether sampling or not.

2. nformation relates to the entire sampler period and must e provided follo#ing the

end of the sample period until reset manually y the operator or automatically y the

sampler upon the start of a ne# sample period.

&. nformation shall e availale to the operator visually.

!. nformation is to e availale as digital data at the sampler?s data output port

specified in section %.!.1@ of this appendi+ follo#ing the end of the sample period until

reset manually y the operator or automatically y the sampler upon the start of a ne#

sample period.

5. Figital readings' oth visual and data output' shall have not less than the numer of

significant digits and resolution specified.

@. 4lag #arnings may e displayed to the operator y a single flag indicator or each flag

may e displayed individually. Cnly a set (on) flag #arning must e indicatedK an off

(unset) flag may e indicated y the asence of a flag #arning. :ampler users should

refer to section 10.12 of this appendi+ regarding the validity of samples for #hich the

sampler provided an associated flag #arning.

4lo# rate'

&0"second

ma+imuminterval

%.!.5.1 ✓ ✓ N . >min

4lo# rate'

average

for the

sample

period

%.!.5.2 N ✓ N ✓ . >min

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20/59


b) t,e Sa(le&

I!%o&(at#

o! to be

&o+#"e"

Ae!"#$ L

et#o!&e%e&e

!e

A+a#lab#l#t) Fo&(at

A!)t#(

e1

E!"

o%eo"2

/#'al"#l

a)Datao't

'tD##tal&ea"#

!5 U!#t

4lo# rate'

H' for

sample

period

%.!.5.2 N ✓ N ✓ . Q

4lo# rate'

5"min.

average

out of

spec.(4>,E @)

%.!.5.2 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓O CnCff

:ample

volume'

total

%.!.5.2 N ✓ ✓ ✓ . m&

Temperatu

re'

amient'

&0"second

interval

%.!.* ✓ ✓ . G

Temperatu

re'

amient'

min.'

ma+.'

average

for the

sample

period

%.!.* N ✓ ✓ ✓O . G

=aro.pressure'

amient'

&0"second

interval

%.!.B ✓ ✓ mm 9g

=aro.

pressure'

%.!.B N ✓ ✓ ✓O mm 9g


21/59


b) t,e Sa(le&

I!%o&(at#

o! to be

&o+#"e"

Ae!"#$ L

et#o!&e%e&e

!e

A+a#lab#l#t) Fo&(at

A!)t#(

e1

E!"

o%eo"2

/#'al"#l

a)Datao't

'tD##tal&ea"#

!5 U!#t

amient'

min.'

ma+.'

average

for the

sample

period

4ilter

temperature' &0"

second

interval

%.!.11 ✓ ✓ . G

4ilter

temp.

differential

' &0"

second

interval'

out of

spec.

(4>,E @)

%.!.11 N ✓ ✓ ✓O CnCff

4ilter

temp.'

ma+imum

differential

from

amient'

date' timeof

occurrence

%.!.11 N N N N

.'

RRMMFF

99.mm

G'

RrMonF

ay 9rs.

min

Fate and

Time%.!.12 ✓ ✓

RRMMFF

99.mm

RrMonF

ay 9rs.

min

:ample %.!.12 ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ RRMMFF RrMonF


22/59


b) t,e Sa(le&

I!%o&(at#

o! to be

&o+#"e"

Ae!"#$ L

et#o!&e%e&e

!e

A+a#lab#l#t) Fo&(at

A!)t#(

e1

E!"

o%eo"2

/#'al"#l

a)Datao't

'tD##tal&ea"#

!5 U!#t

start and

stop time

settings

99.mmay 9rs.

min

:ample

period

start time

%.!.12 ✓ ✓ ✓RRMMFF

99.mm

RrMonF

ay 9rs.

min

lapsed

sample

time

%.!.1& N ✓ ✓ ✓ 99.mm 9rs. min

lapsed

sample

time' out

of spec.

(4>,E @)

%.!.1& ✓ ✓ ✓O CnCff

Po#er

interruptio

ns S1

min.' start

time of

first 10

%.!.15.5 N ✓ N ✓

199.mm'

299.mm'

etc.

9rs. min

Lser"

entered

informatio

n' such as

sampler

and site

identificati

on

%.!.1@ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓O ,s entered

*.0 Filter 4eighing. :ee reference 2 in section 1&.0 of this appendi+' for additional'

more detailed guidance.

*.1 Analytical balance. The analytical alance used to #eigh filters must e suitale for

#eighing the type and si3e of filters specified' under section @.0 of this appendi+' and

have a readaility of A1 6g. The alance shall e calirated as specified y the


23/59

manufacturer at installation and recalirated immediately prior to each #eighing

session. :ee reference 2 in section 1&.0 of this appendi+ for additional guidance.

*.2 Filter conditioning. ,ll sample filters used shall e conditioned immediately efore

oth the pre" and post"sampling #eighings as specified elo#. :ee reference 2 in

section 1&.0 of this appendi+ for additional guidance.

*.2.1 Mean temperature. 20 " 2& G.

*.2.2 %emperature control. A2 G over 2! hours.

*.2.& Mean humidity. Eenerally' &0"!0 percent relative humidityK ho#ever' #here it can

e sho#n that the mean amient relative humidity during sampling is less than &0

percent' conditioning is permissile at a mean relative humidity #ithin A5 relative

humidity percent of the mean amient relative humidity during sampling' ut not less

than 20 percent.

*.2.! 5umidity control. A5 relative humidity percent over 2! hours.

*.2.5 Conditioning time. 8ot less than 2! hours.

*.& 4eighing procedure.

*.&.1 8e# filters should e placed in the conditioning environment immediately upon

arrival and stored there until the pre"sampling #eighing. :ee reference 2 in section

1&.0 of this appendi+ for additional guidance.

*.&.2 The analytical alance shall e located in the same controlled environment in#hich the filters are conditioned. The filters shall e #eighed immediately follo#ing the

conditioning period #ithout intermediate or transient e+posure to other conditions or

environments.

*.&.& 4ilters must e conditioned at the same conditions (humidity #ithin A5 relative

humidity percent) efore oth the pre" and post"sampling #eighings.

*.&.! =oth the pre" and post"sampling #eighings should e carried out on the same

analytical alance' using an effective technique to neutrali3e static charges on the filter'

under reference 2 in section 1&.0 of this appendi+. f possile' oth #eighings should e

carried out y the same analyst.

*.&.5 The pre"sampling (tare) #eighing shall e #ithin &0 days of the sampling period.

*.&.@The post"sampling conditioning and #eighing shall e completed #ithin 2!0 hours

(10 days) after the end of the sample period' unless the filter sample is maintained at

temperatures elo# the average amient temperature during sampling (or ! G or


24/59

elo# for average sampling temperatures less than ! G) during the time et#een

retrieval from the sampler and the start of the conditioning' in #hich case the period

shall not e+ceed &0 days.


25/59

B.2.1 PM2.5 samplers may employ various types of flo# control and flo# measurement

devices. The specific procedure used for caliration or verification of the flo# rate

measurement device #ill vary depending on the type of flo# rate controller and flo#

rate measurement employed. aliration shall e in terms of actual amient volumetric

flo# rates (a)' measured at the sampler?s inlet do#ntue. The generic procedure given

here serves to illustrate the general steps involved in the caliration of a PM2.5 sampler.

The sampler operationinstruction manual required under section %.!.1* of this

appendi+ and the uality ,ssurance 9andoo7 in reference 2 in section 1&.0 of this

appendi+ provide more specific and detailed guidance for caliration.

B.2.2 The flo# rate standard used for flo# rate caliration shall have its o#n

certification and e traceale to a 8:T primary standard for volume or flo# rate. ,

caliration relationship for the flo# rate standard' e.g.' an equation' curve' or family of

curves relating actual flo# rate (a) to the flo# rate indicator reading' shall e

estalished that is accurate to #ithin 2 percent over the e+pected range of amient

temperatures and pressures at #hich the flo# rate standard may e used. The flo# rate

standard must e re"calirated or re"verified at least annually.

B.2.& The sampler flo# rate measurement device shall e calirated or verified y

removing the sampler inlet and connecting the flo# rate standard to the sampler?s

do#ntue in accordance #ith the operationinstruction manual' such that the flo# rate

standard accurately measures the sampler?s flo# rate. The sampler operator shall first

carry out a sampler lea7 chec7 and confirm that the sampler passes the lea7 test and

then verify that no lea7s e+ist et#een the flo# rate standard and the sampler.

B.2.! The caliration relationship et#een the flo# rate (in actual >min) indicated ythe flo# rate standard and y the sampler?s flo# rate measurement device shall e

estalished or verified in accordance #ith the sampler operationinstruction manual.

Temperature and pressure corrections to the flo# rate indicated y the flo# rate

standard may e required for certain types of flo# rate standards. aliration of the

sampler?s flo# rate measurement device shall consist of at least three separate flo#

rate measurements (multipoint caliration) evenly spaced #ithin the range of "10

percent to 10 percent of the sampler?s operational flo# rate' section%.!.1 of this

appendi+. Herification of the sampler?s flo# rate shall consist of one flo# rate

measurement at the sampler?s operational flo# rate. The sampler operationinstruction

manual and reference 2 in section 1&.0 of this appendi+ provide additional guidance.

B.2.5 f during a flo# rate verification the reading of the sampler?s flo# rate indicator or

measurement device differs y A! percent or more from the flo# rate measured y the

flo# rate standard' a ne# multipoint caliration shall e performed and the flo# rate

verification must then e repeated.

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26/59

B.2.@ 4ollo#ing the caliration or verification' the flo# rate standard shall e removed

from the sampler and the sampler inlet shall e reinstalled. Then the sampler?s normal

operating flo# rate (in >min) shall e determined #ith a clean filter in place. f the flo#

rate indicated y the sampler differs y A2 percent or more from the required sampler

flo# rate' the sampler flo# rate must e adusted to the required flo# rate' under

section%.!.1 of this appendi+.

B.& Periodic caliration or verification of the caliration of the sampler?s amient

temperature' filter temperature' and arometric pressure measurement systems is also

required.


27/59

10.@ The sampler shall e chec7ed and prepared for sample collection in accordance

#ith instructions provided in the sampler operation or instruction manual and #ith the

specific quality assurance program estalished for the sampler y the user.

10.% The sampler?s timer shall e set to start the sample collection at the eginning of

the desired sample period and stop the sample collection 2! hours later.

10.* nformation related to the sample collection (site location or identification numer'

sample date' filter identification numer' and sampler model and serial numer) shall

e recorded and' if appropriate' entered into the sampler.

10.B The sampler shall e allo#ed to collect the PM2.5 sample during the set 2!"hour

time period.

10.10;ithin 1%% hours (% days' B hours) of the end of the sample collection period' the

filter' #hile still contained in the filter cassette' shall e carefully removed from the

sampler' follo#ing the procedure provided in the sampler operation or instruction

manual and the quality assurance program' and placed in a protective container. The

protective container shall contain no loose material that could e transferred to the

filter. The protective container shall hold the filter cassette securely such that the cover

shall not come in contact #ith the filter?s surfaces.


28/59

storage. :ee section *.&.@ of this appendi+ regarding time limits for completing the

post"sampling #eighing. :ee reference 2 in section 1&.0 of this appendi+ for additional

guidance on transporting filter samplers to the conditioning and #eighing laoratory.

10.1!. The e+posed filter containing the PM2.5 sample shall e re"conditioned in the

conditioning environment in accordance #ith the requirements specified in section *.2

of this appendi+.

10.15. The filter shall e re#eighed immediately after conditioning in accordance #ith

the requirements specified in section *.0 of this appendi+' and the postsampling #eight

shall e recorded #ith the filter identification numer.

10.1@ The PM2.5 concentration shall e calculated as specified in section 12.0 of this

appendi+.

11.0 Sampler Maintenance. The sampler shall e maintained as descried y the

sampler?s manufacturer in the sampler"specific operation or instruction manual required

under section %.!.1* of this appendi+ and in accordance #ith the specific quality

assurance program developed and estalished y the user ased on applicale

supplementary guidance provided in reference 2 in section 1&.0 of this appendi+.

12.0 Calculations

12.1 (a) The PM2.5 concentration is calculated as-

PM2.5 (;f ;i)Ha

#here-

PM2.5 mass concentration of PM2.5' 6gm&K

;f ' ;i final and initial #eights' respectively' of the filter used to collect the

PM2.5 particle sample' 6gK

Ha total air volume sampled in actual volume units' as provided y the sampler' m &.

Note3

Total sample time must e et#een 1'&*0 and 1'500 minutes (2& and 25 hrs) for a fully

valid PM2.5 sampleK ho#ever' see also section &.& of this appendi+.

1&.0 References.

1. uality ,ssurance 9andoo7 for ,ir Pollution Measurement :ystems' Holume '

Principles. P,@00


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pm2.5 particulate monitoring in ambient air.docx

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