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Poisonous Plants Poisonous Plants

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Poisonous Plants. Irritants - Poisonous Plants. Urushiol Oil. Urushiol (you-ROO-shee-ol) Main constituent of the irritant oil in plants of the Genus Toxicodendron. A mixture of several compounds which are derivatives of hydrocarbons in the C 15 to C 17 range. Rash. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Poisonous Plants

Poisonous PlantsPoisonous Plants

Page 2: Poisonous Plants

Accident Costs-HLA.ppt - Page 2MACTEC, Inc. Company PrivateMACTEC, Inc. Company Private

Irritants - Poisonous PlantsIrritants - Poisonous Plants

Page 3: Poisonous Plants

Accident Costs-HLA.ppt - Page 3MACTEC, Inc. Company PrivateMACTEC, Inc. Company Private

Urushiol OilUrushiol Oil

• Urushiol (you-ROO-shee-ol) Urushiol (you-ROO-shee-ol) Main Main constituent of the irritant oil in plants of constituent of the irritant oil in plants of the Genus the Genus Toxicodendron. Toxicodendron. A mixture of A mixture of several compounds which are derivatives several compounds which are derivatives of hydrocarbons in the Cof hydrocarbons in the C15 15 to Cto C17 17 range.range.

Page 4: Poisonous Plants

Accident Costs-HLA.ppt - Page 4MACTEC, Inc. Company PrivateMACTEC, Inc. Company Private

RashRash• Caused by Urushiol oilCaused by Urushiol oil

– Found in the sap– Colorless or pale yellow– Turns brownish-black after

exposure to air.– Oozes from any cut or crushed

part of the plant, including the roots, stems and leaves

• Oil penetrates within minutes Oil penetrates within minutes and binds with skin proteinsand binds with skin proteins

• Rash appears within 12-48 Rash appears within 12-48 hourshours

• 2-3 weeks to heal2-3 weeks to heal

Page 5: Poisonous Plants

Accident Costs-HLA.ppt - Page 5MACTEC, Inc. Company PrivateMACTEC, Inc. Company Private

Poison IvyPoison IvyGenus ToxicodendronGenus Toxicodendron

• Types:– Woody, ropelike vine– Trailing shrub on the

ground– Free-standing shrub

• Normally Three Leaflets– Can vary from groups of

three to nine.

• White Berries. Berries

RopelikeVine

3 Leaflets

Waxy Cuticle

White Berries

Page 6: Poisonous Plants

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Poison IvyPoison Ivy

• Range (climbing vine):Range (climbing vine):– East– Midwest– South

• Range (shrub):Range (shrub):– Northern States– Western States– Canada

Page 7: Poisonous Plants

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Identifying Poison IvyIdentifying Poison Ivy• Leaflets:Leaflets:

– Usually three – Red early spring– Shiny green later in spring– Red or Orange in Autumn– Center leaf stem is longer – Bottom leaflets opposite each

other– Usually has notched edges– White berries close to stem, base

of leaflets

Page 8: Poisonous Plants

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Identifying Poison IvyIdentifying Poison Ivy

Page 9: Poisonous Plants

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Poison OakPoison Oak• Changes appearance Changes appearance

every seasonevery season• Oak like leavesOak like leaves• Three LeafletsThree Leaflets• Opposite lower leafletsOpposite lower leaflets• Longer stem central Longer stem central

leafletleaflet• Leaflets with smooth Leaflets with smooth

hair underneathhair underneath• White flowersWhite flowers• White berriesWhite berries

Page 10: Poisonous Plants

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Poison OakPoison Oak

• Eastern varietyEastern variety– Southeast– Low shrub

• Western varietyWestern variety– Pacific Coast– 6-foot-tall clumps – Vines up to 30 feet long

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Poison OakPoison Oak

• Leaves of three, leave Leaves of three, leave them be…..them be…..

Page 12: Poisonous Plants

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Poison Oak - SeasonsPoison Oak - Seasons

Early Spring Spring Summer

Fall Winter Anytime

Page 13: Poisonous Plants

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Poison Oak Shrubs and VinesPoison Oak Shrubs and Vines

Page 14: Poisonous Plants

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Poison SumacPoison Sumac

• Most common in:Most common in:– Peat bogs of Northern US – Swampy Southern Regions

• Rangy shrub up to 15 feet tall.Rangy shrub up to 15 feet tall.• 7 to 13 smooth-edged leaflets.7 to 13 smooth-edged leaflets.• Glossy pale yellow or cream-Glossy pale yellow or cream-

colored berries.colored berries.

Page 15: Poisonous Plants

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Identifying Poison SumacIdentifying Poison Sumac

Page 16: Poisonous Plants

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PreventionPrevention

• Prevention is the best treatment!!!Prevention is the best treatment!!!• Long pants, long sleevesLong pants, long sleeves• Boots and GlovesBoots and Gloves• Barrier Creams may offer some Barrier Creams may offer some

protection (e.g., Ivy Block) before protection (e.g., Ivy Block) before exposureexposure

• Wash immediately (within 5 Wash immediately (within 5 minutes) with cold running water minutes) with cold running water (stream, lake, hose)(stream, lake, hose)

Page 17: Poisonous Plants

Accident Costs-HLA.ppt - Page 17MACTEC, Inc. Company PrivateMACTEC, Inc. Company Private

PreventionPrevention

• Within the first 30 minutes, soap Within the first 30 minutes, soap and water helpful, after that….and water helpful, after that….

• Clean clothes, shoes, tools, etc. Clean clothes, shoes, tools, etc. Oil can last on surfaces for 1-5 Oil can last on surfaces for 1-5 years!years!

• If working at a specific location If working at a specific location where poison ivy/oak/sumac is where poison ivy/oak/sumac is presentpresent– Wear Modified Level D (gloves, tyveks,

boot covers, etc.)– Treat plant as if it is a chemical

contamination (decon)

Page 18: Poisonous Plants

Accident Costs-HLA.ppt - Page 18MACTEC, Inc. Company PrivateMACTEC, Inc. Company Private

TreatmentTreatment

• Over the counterOver the counter• PrescriptionPrescription• Home RemediesHome Remedies

Page 19: Poisonous Plants

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Nettles - StingersNettles - StingersGenus UrticaGenus Urtica

• Found in waste places and moist Found in waste places and moist thickets, North America.thickets, North America.

• Stems and leaves armed with hollow Stems and leaves armed with hollow hairshairs– Brittle– Gland-tipped– Easily broken

• If injected, liquid produces burning If injected, liquid produces burning sensationsensation

• Inject chemical mixture containing:Inject chemical mixture containing:– Histamine– Acetocholine– 5-hydrotryptamine– Formic Acid