poland fall of communism 1980-1995 alexey arbuzov, frederique kramer, and riccardo stanzani
TRANSCRIPT
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POLAND FALL OF COMMUNISM
1980-1995
Alexey Arbuzov, Frederique Kramer, and
Riccardo Stanzani
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C
ommunist leader: Wojciech Jaruzelski
E
lected in 1981
D
ictator: imposed martial law in Poland between
December 1981 to July 1983
M
ade the decision to crack down on the
“Solidarity problem”, fearing Soviet
intervention, although in hindsight documents
show the USSR had no plans to intervene
PROBLEMS IN POLAND BEFORE 1989
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CONSUMER PROBLEMS1980’S
Empty Shops Long linesRationing
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T
he USSR’s threatening pressure was a major cause of martial law in 1981
G
orbachev’s reforms stimulated resentment in the Polish government: • Glasnost – made the Polish want lesser restrictions on media • Perestroika – created resentment, disbelief and doubt in economic
reforms• Stoppage of intervention helped dissenters in gathering support with
far less fear of reprisal
RUSSIAN INFLUENCE
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STRIKES
D
issatisfaction of Polish workers coalesced into strikes
G
reat strikes and protests in 1956, 1970, and the largest in 1980
1
980: Gdansk strike, resulted in Gdansk agreement
S
triking workers unite, Walesa becomes leader, forming the union of
Solidarity
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F
ounded in Gdansk in August 31st, 1980
I
ndependent self-governing trade union
P
olish government attempted its destruction with enforcement
o
f martial law in 1981
M
edium of communication between workers and
g
overnment (expression of needs)
F
or the most part an underground organization
VOICE OF THE PEOPLE
Solidarity
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GDANSK AGREEMENT
P
oor economic conditions in the long term created dissent across the country
R
ise in meat prices sparked revolts that paralyzed Poland
T
he strikes resulted into government giving into their demands
B
rought democratic changes into communism system
I
ndependent unions were allowed to form, allowed more control
T
he largest, Solidarity, began as one of these unions but slowly
tra
nsformed into a form of political party
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M
artial law crushed opposition, and killed 100 people
B
anned pro-democracy organizations, and banned
their leaders
9
0 people killed
M
artial law severely effected normal life
MARTIAL LAW
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T
ook place in Warsaw, February 6 – April 4 1989
P
olish government talked with Solidarity in an attempt to defuse growing
social unrest
ROUND-TABLE AGREEMENT
-Pay raises and indexation-Future pluralist elections-The limit of the future president's competence-The limit of competence for the future Sejm and Senate-The access to mass communication media by opposition forces
-Legalization of independent trade unions-The introduction of the office of President (thereby annulling the power of the Communist party general secretary), who would be elected to a 6-year term-The formation of a Senate
What They Wanted What They Got
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I
n April 1989 Solidarity was able to participate in parliamentary elections
S
olidarity won majority in the Sejm and captured 99 out of the 100 available
seats in the Senate
C
ommunist candidates were unable to secure even the minimum number of
votes to capture the seats that were reserved for them
CREATION OF SENATE
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.onwar.com/aced/data/papa/poland1980.htm
http://www.gdansk-life.com/poland/solidarity
http://www.globalpolitician.com/26239-poland-communism
http://chnm.gmu.edu/1989/exhibits/consumerism-in-poland/
http://www.historyguide.org/europe/jaruzelski.html