police officers lived reality of saps employees health and wellness program in the rural community
TRANSCRIPT
POLICE OFFICERS LIVED REALITY OF SAPS EMPLOYEES HEALTH
AND WELLNESS PROGRAM IN THE RURAL COMMUNITY
BY
NOMSA ANGELINA RADEBE
206025815
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE
B-TECH
IN THE DISCIPLINE
In the faculty of
MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
At the
VAAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
SUPERVISOR: C.Marais
November 6 2015
Style of Referencing: Harvard used the Blue Book.
Contact details: 078-5786980
Email: [email protected]
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POLICE OFFICERS LIVED REALITIES OF THE SAPS EMPLOYEE
HEALTH AND WELLNESS PROGRAM AT THE RURAL COMMUNITY
Keywords: Employees wellbeing, burnout, work engagement, health, wellness,
employee health and wellness, stress, working condition, the occupational health and
safety act, employee wellness programme.
1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND TO STUDY
Employee health and wellness program in South Africa is a relatively new workplace
management phenomenon since they emerged during the early 1980s (Buon &Taylor
2007:6).EHWP was designed after the USA models and were introduced to South
African workplaces by social workers and psychologists who had studied the programs
in the USA. Employee health and wellness program in South Africa does not have the
colourful history that has accompanied their development in the USA. In South Africa
EHWP were initiated by private sector companies during the 1980s. The focus of this
program, as in the case of the USA, was providing to problems relating to alcoholism
and substance abuse. As part of their development in South Africa, there has been the
increasing dominance of occupational social workers as EHWP practitioners
(Cunningham 2010:2) in workplaces, particularly public institutions.
According to Byars and Rue (2006:342) SAPS employee health and wellness is a
programme were distressed employees are recognised, counseled, rehabilitated, and
placed back on the job.
The Deputy Minister of SAPS Ms. Sotjup (2015:1) said in the press release that recent
killings of police officers around the country is unacceptable this causes stress for
police officers because they feel that they are not safe as their fellow police officers are
killed due to the perpetrators who want to take their weapons. Police officers are also
under a lot of strain as they have to deal with the loss of their fellow employees, having
to witness the gruesome scenes and having to investigate these crimes is very
traumatizing as it affects them.
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Deputy Minister also outlined that SAPS employee health and wellness program play an
important role in reducing absenteeism, workplace accidents, improves moral and
grievances. SAPS Employee health and wellness program have a variety of benefits -
EHWP may be used as a strategic tool in the development and retention of employees,
because it reduces absenteeism in the workplace. The EHWP is a cost-effective way to
promote productivity, increase morale and decrease medical expense and promote
employee health and wellbeing.
Employees who have access to self-care tools, information and health care
professionals are better equipped to make informed lifestyle choices and health care
decisions that will have a positive results for both the employee and employer, thereby
employees will leave healthy and enjoy the benefits offered by the EHWP (Deitz, Cook
and Hersch 2005:310).
2. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The In order for the Police Station to survive in a continuously changing environment, it
needs energetic, motivated and employees who are well trained, Police officers jobs are
risky and members are often exhausted especially those who work shifts because it
requires them to be physical fit, emotional stable, or social in nature.
Due to poor working conditions in SAPS especially in the rural areas and lack of
resources and lack of support from the management causes employees to have stress
related illnesses. As stress is the emotional and physical way in which we respond to
pressure (Brough &Williams 2007:555). There are work related stresses that occur in
SAPS such as Organizational and Administrative Stressors, occupational stress, and
inadequate training cause an employee to lose hope and the performance will
deteriorate (Brower 2013:6). Barker (2010:1) have found out that even if an employee
is energetic, passionate about his work, puts more hours to complete his or her tasks
and is highly work engaged for an example if the is no strong leadership , support from
the management and training in the organisation employees performance will
deteriorate.
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Police officers stress and burnout can have serious consequences for the police officers
and the work environment in the station. Job burnout can cause police officers to
withdraw from the job and can negatively impact their effectiveness at work. (Finn
2009:68).
According to Grobler, Warnich and Carrel (2005:445) Stress can have severe health
and wellness repercussions for police officers. In order for police officers to be healthy
SAPS must implement employees’ health and wellness program, encourage police
officers to, exercise regularly and take leave in order to cool off a little bit because if
they don’t deal with stress police officers will suffers from high blood pressure,
hypertension, high cholesterol and other stress related illnesses
Health and wellness programs have Legal requirements that they have to follow to
protect the employees’ health, their rights and their confidentiality because they reveal
their personal information this will limit the employees fear and resistance to attend the
program. The wellness program must adhere to the Basic conditions of Employment
Act, the Occupational Health and Safety Act 85 of 1993, the Labour Relations Act, and
general labour relations in order to facilitate an effective employee health and wellness
program.
The researcher have discovered the problem or reason for less attendance in SAPS
EHWP is that police officers have fears that their personal information will be known by
every employee at the station and they think that EHWP will affect their career and
promotion prospects. As noted by Armstrong and Griffin (2009:579), if an employee feel
that he or she may be noticed consulting or that SAPS EHWP practitioner will record
personal material in his or her personal file, and worse yet, that those making
employment decisions may consider such information, little progression can be
expected. Supervisors and managers are better placed to observe situations in which
employees resist making consultations with the practitioners.
Therefore the research question is: “What are police officers” lived realities of the SAPS
health and wellness program in a rural community?.
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3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
3.1 Primary objectives
The primary objective of this research project is to investigate lived realities of the SAPS
employee health and wellness program at a police station in a rural community.
3.2 Secondary objectives
3.2.1. Theoretical Objectives
-To conceptualise and define employee’s health and wellness as it currently manifests
in select South African organisation.
-To consider the implications of the Occupational health and safety Act 85 of 1993 for
the SAPS.
-To reflect upon the causes of illness among employees in the workplace.
-To explain the importance of implementation of employee health and wellness
programs in South African organisations.
-To investigate management involvement in the management of employee health and
wellness in their organisations, and presentation of results of employee and wellness
programs.
-To identify how organisations rate the success and the effectiveness of their
employee's health and wellness programs.
-To determine employee input, participation rates, and how organisations fund their
programs.
3.2.2 Empirical Objectives
-To comprehend the lived realities of SAPS employees health and wellness program at
a Police station in a rural community.
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-To identify the benefits of wellness.
-To identify the processes of how EHWP function at the rural community.
-To determine if the health and safety program can save costs for the organisation
reduces absenteeism, and eliminate staff turnover and improve productivity.
-To explore and describe the perceptions of wellness of SAPS police officers in the rural
communities.
-To investigate the resistance of Police officers to attend the SAPS employees wellness
program.
-To describe the application value of the findings
4. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
4.1 Research Approach
The main focus of this study is to explore and understand “What are the police officers”
lived realities of the SAPS health and wellness program in a rural community. The study
will be a qualitative exploratory and descriptive research approach it describes what is
seen logically and sometimes come up with or generate new hypotheses and theories.
(Maxwell 2006:87).Creswell (2007:23) it is commonly used to understand people’s
experiences and to express their perspective and it’s an inquiry into social or human
problems (Patton 2009:112).
According Denzin, Lincon, Norman and Yvonnas (2009:270) phenomenology considers
that the “true meaning of phenomena be explored through the experience of them as
described by the individual”. Phenomenology is an attempt to describe lived
experiences without making previous as assumptions about the objective reality of
those experiences (Creswell 2011:47). Lincoln and Guba (2006:78) Phenomenology
refers to a person’s perception of the meaning of an event, as opposed to the event as it
exists externally to (outside of) that person.
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The focus of the study is to - determine what are the lived experiences of the Police
Officers in rural communities who previously consulted the SAPS employee health and
wellness program, What is the importance of attending the SAPS employees health and
wellness program and whether there was resistance of Police officers when they are
referred to attend the program?.
The researcher will gain access to the participants by using Stratified Sampling.
According to Denzin, Lincon, Norman and Yvonnas (2009:270) Stratified sampling is
refers to the type of sample method. With stratified sampling, the researcher divides the
population into separate groups, called strata. Stratified sampling – in a stratified, the
population is partitioned into non overlapping groups, called strata and a sample is
selected by some design within each stratum (McCracken 2008:11).
Police man and women Officers who work during the day are easily accessible for the
focus group interviews but, officers who work shifts are not easily accessible prior
arrangements must be made in order for them to be interviewed.
4. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
4.2. RESEARCH SETTING
4.2.1. Literature review and Control
According to Boote and Beile (2005:10) Literature Review is an evaluative report of
information found in the literature related to the selected area of study. Literature
Review is defined as a description of the literature relevant to a particular field or topic.
(Hart 2008:45). Alderfer (2007:245) defines Literature Review as a critical, in- depth
evaluation of research already undertaken on a specific topic by accredited scholars
and research.
Why do we review Literature? To ensure that the researcher have a thorough
understanding of the research, to identify potential areas for the research and to identify
knowledge gaps that demand further investigation.
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According to Sargent and Thomas (2005:24) Inductive reasoning is defined as a logical
process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of time, are
combined to obtain a specific conclusion. Bower, Gordon and Hilgard (2008: 31) defines
inductive reasoning as a style of reasoning in which decisions are made and
conclusions are reached by a process of analyzing available evidence and past
experienced. Inductive reasoning is defined as reasoning from a specific case or cases
and deriving the general rule (Arthur 2005:1).
Inductive reasoning makes a broad generalization from specific observations.
Inference can be done in four stages-Observations: collect facts, without bias, Analysis:
classify the facts, identify patterns of regularity Inference: From the patterns, infer
generalization about the relations between the facts and Confirmation: Testing the
inference through further observation. Inductive argument can include According to
Straker (2010:1)1. “Part to whole: where the whole is assumed to be like individual parts
(only bigger), 2. Extra pollutions: where areas beyond the area of study are assumed to
be like the studied area, 3. Predictions: where future is assumed to be like the past”.
The literature review will focus on -comprehend the live realities of Police officers in the
employees’ health and wellness program in the rural communities, by identify the
benefits of wellness and the processes of how EAP function at the rural communities.
This chapter will explore the theoretical objectives by conceptualising and defining the
SAPS employees’ health and wellness as it currently manifests in select South African
organisation, having to consider the implications of the Occupational health and safety
Act 85 of 1993 for the SAPS, the is a need to reflect upon the causes of illness among
employees in the workplace and explain the importance of implementation of employee
health and wellness programs in South African organisations.
A variety of about primary and secondary sources will be consulted during the literature
review process. This will include peer reviewed journal articles, textbooks, newspaper
articles (Herzberg and Mausner 2007:1). According to Rosse (2008:289) primary
sources also includes letters/correspondence, diaries, memoirs and research reports.
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Secondary sources - academic journals, conference and documentaries Prince
(2005:601).
4.2.2. RESEARCH APPROACH
This study is located within the interpretivist paradigm, with phenomenology as the
theoretical underpinning - interpretivist approaches to social research see
interpretations of social world as culturally derived and historically situated.
Interpretivism is often linked to the work of Weber, who suggested that the social
sciences are concerned with verstehen (understanding). This is compared to erklaren
(explaining), which forms the basis of seeking causal explanations and is the hallmark
of the natural sciences. (Humble 2012:130).
According to Van Lingen (2005:14) Phenomenology refers to a person's perception of
the meaning of an event, as opposed to the event as it exists externally to (outside of)
that person. How does the researcher view the world (Ontology?) According to Lincon
and Guba (2006:23),”paradigms can be characterised through their: ontology (What is
reality?), epistemology (How do you know something?) and methodology (How do go
about finding out?). These characteristics create a holistic view of how we view
knowledge: how we see ourselves in relation to this knowledge”.
As a post-positivist I believe in being a relativist –post positivist social researcher
assumes a learning role rather than a testing one. Post-Positivist regard themselves as
people who conduct research among other people, learning with them, rather than
conducting research on them. (Schutz 2013:23).
In which paradigm is the researcher study located -Barrage Police Station.
Phenomenology help the researcher to discover the answers they are seeking by
looking at multiple perspectives of the same situation, a researcher can start to make
some generalisations of what something is like as an experience from the “insiders”
perspective.
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4.2.3. RESEARCH METHOD
4.2.3.1 RESEARCH SETTING
The relationship between phenomenology and research setting- the place that the
researcher will be researching will intertwine with the tools that will be used in order to
identify the research settings.
The research will be conducted at the Barrage Police Station. Barrage police station
was officially opened in 1980. The station area consists of 375 square kilometers, which
comprises nine farm areas, 1 940 smallholdings, two informal settlements and one
private owner’s property which consists of approximately 200 houses and empty stands.
The station serves an estimated population of 35 000 people, which consists of informal
residents (shacks), businesses and farmers. Whereas the station was previously rated
number 67 in the province, it had moved up significantly to number three, due to its
good work on crime prevention.
According to the National Council of Provinces (2007:1154) the research will be
conducted at the Police Station Barrage around Gauteng province. Barrage has a
population 35000 and is situated outside Vanderbiljpark. It represents a total number of
1227 2263 people living in the province. (Census 2011).Latitude 26, 70342 and
Longitude is 27, 807696 South 26 *42 12.313. and West 27 *48 27.705 (Map Afrigis Pty
Ltd (2015:1).
Characteristics and Participants of the research- 1.Race -Black, White and Coloureds
2.Level of Education -Diplomas, First Degrees, Post graduate employees and Un-
educated employees. Comprises of 150 Barrage Police Station employees who will
contribute during the period of the study. Participants are Police constables, Sergeant,
Captains, Investigators, Personnel clerks, Patroller’s, Constable, Inspector, Captains,
Students constable and Superintendent.
The participants that were chosen met the eligibility criteria set for the study. Eligibility
Criteria are the reason or criteria for including the sample in the study (Rajin 2012:21).
The eligibility criteria of this study require the Police officers to: Have worked in the
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Station for more than one year, who tend to be exposed to dangerous and traumatic
situations on a daily basis? And lastly who have a certificate in domestic violence
against women and children course? .Police man and women who have less than one
year working experiences at the station were excluded. Who are not exposed to
dangerous and traumatic situations on a daily basis? And who does not have a
certificate in domestic violence against women and children.
4.2.3.2. ENTRÉE AND ESTABLISHING THE ROLES OF RESEARCHER
According to Denzin and Lincon (2006:111) the researcher is an instrument of data
collection. This means that data are mediated through this human instrument, rather
than through inventories, questionnaires or machines (Marshal 2006:529).The
qualitative research should explain if the researcher’s role is emic of an outsider or a
fulltime participant (Greenbank 2008:6)
How it will influence the researcher to live a healthy life style. According to Punch
(2010:76) Build Relationships the will be a potential engagement between the
researcher, the SAPS and the EHW practitioner. Build a strong relationship between the
researcher and the participant of the study and this will lead to negotiation, feedback
and sharing of ideas. (Silverman 2009:34)
4.2.3.3 PARTICIPATION SELECTION
Marshall (2006:527) sampling aim is to draw a representative sample from the
population. According to Jackson (2009:228) sampling aim – is document social
networks and communication channels that facilitate rapid dissemination of information.
According to Elliot (2010:10) both the phenomenology and sampling selects the
participants but the difference is sample size wants to know the (Who) and the lived
experiences of the participants -the phenomenology ask do the participants have the
experience that they are looking for? (Asks the What) Sampling is a representative of a
large population at large in order to gather its results. On the contrary Phenomenology
represents a small number of research participants to get results (Griffin 2007:06).
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The participants that were chosen met the eligibility criteria set for the study. Eligibility
Criteria are the reason or criteria for including the sample in the study (Rajin 2012:21).
The eligibility criteria of this study require the Police officers to: Have worked in the
Station for more than one year, who tend to be exposed to dangerous and traumatic
situations on a daily basis? And lastly who have a certificate in domestic violence
against women and children course?. Police man and women who have less than one
year working experiences at the station were excluded. Who are not exposed to
dangerous and traumatic situations on a daily basis? And who does not have a
certificate in domestic violence against women and children.
According to Zambozi (2015:1) In statistics sample size it refers to the number of
individuals pieces of data collected in a survey. Sample Size is the number of
observations or replicates to include in a feature of any empirical study Evans, Hastings
& Peacock (2005:100).
According to Elliot (2010:21) Purposive sampling, in which the investigator selects
participants because of characteristics (Good informants/participants) are those who
know the information required, have time, and are willing to participate. Oliver (2006:1)
purposive sampling also known as a judgmental, selective or subjective sampling.
According Guiljt and Woodhil (2008:9) “Non-probability is define as a sampling
technique where the sample are saturated in a process that does not give all the
individuals in the population an equal chances of being selected” .Non- probability
sampling is used when the researcher lacks a sampling frame for the population in
question Wooffitt (2005:165).
The researcher will be using Stratified Sampling. According to Denzin et.al (2009:270)
Stratified sampling is refers to the type of sample method. With stratified sampling, the
researcher divides the population into separate groups. Stratified sampling – in a
stratified, the population is partitioned into non overlapping groups, called strata and
(McCracken 2008:11).
Reasons to use Stratified sampling is to obtain estimates of known precision for certain
subdivisions of the population by treating each subdivision as a stratum. Stratified
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random sampling was used in selecting the respondents. In choosing respondents, a
simple random selection of names from the police station’s employees was done based
on the following: The researcher chose the participants believe that they have opinions,
and have more knowledge in their field. - The researcher stratified the sample length of
experience of more than one year of service and due to the nature of the work they
perform. Even though the researcher have mentioned that police officers who work
shifts are not easily available and those who does not work shifts are easily available.
The researcher will conduct six to eight focus group interviews. Using 8 to 10
respondents will help the researcher to be able to find different answers. The number of
interviews will depend until the researcher study reaches saturation stage.
According to (Silverman 2009:1) pilot study refers to the mini versions of a full scale
(also called feasibility study) or a pre- testing of a particular research instrument such as
questionnaires and interview schedule.
4.2.3.4 DATA COLLECTION METHOD
Focus groups are individuals who share an interest in the subject on which information
is gathered (Erasmus & Van Dyk 2009:128). According to Morgan (2011:135) Focus
group- a group consisting of eight to ten members are randomly chosen, who discuss a
product or any given topic. Eliot (2013:15) defines focus group as a small group from a
wider population and it is usually sampled.
Focus group is that they create an open atmosphere for discussion, and participants
react to suggestions by others. (Richard & Morse 2013:31).Corbin and Strauss
(2008:113) a focus group is a careful method that can be used to measure the reaction
of customers to a company new product or to the company strategies. According to
Alexis Writing (2012:1) focus groups usually provide immediate ideas for the
improvements of a particular products or concepts.
Implication for Interacting with participants using Focus group .SAPS usually gives
participants gifts for participating in their research study it is called Reciprocity it
describes how people experience both social and self-pressure to respond to any action
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by making an equivalent gesture in return. When someone does a favor or gives a
person/ participants a gift, they will feel obligated to return the favor or be kind in return.
This is known as the positive norm of reciprocity.
Research Question of the Study
-What are the experiences of employees who previously consulted the Health and
Wellness Program?
-What is the background and fundamental theory of Employee Assistance Programs
(EAPs)?
-Is the implementation of Health and Wellness Program effective and does it contribute
to solving problems that are experienced by Police officers in a rural community?
- How does the health and wellness Program function at the SAPS rural community?
-To investigate the relationship between burnout and work engagement from the
literature
-What is the management role in the implementation of SAPS health and wellness
program?.
The research study will be conducted from the 26 of October 2015 to the 1 December
2016 at Barrage Police Station.
4.2.3.5 RECORDING OF DATA
Focus groups are a data collection method. Data is collected through a semi-structured
group interview process.
The researcher will use notes and tape recorders were note-takers are responsible for
taking detailed notes of the discussion and can be used as a backup. According to
Bernard, Russell, Gerry and Ryan (2009:123) the focus group protocol is the ground
rules that guide how data should be conducted (Casey 2005:64). Informed consent is a
permission granted in full knowledge of the possible consequences (Kruger, Richard
and Casey 2005:64).The focus group interviews will be recorded and transcribed in
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verbatim to facilitate checking the accuracy of facts. In order to store data the
researcher will hire the co-facilitators with excellent typing skills to capture and store the
information using a laptop.(Casey 2005:64).The researcher will keep field notes
because audio tape recordings are not always accurate or can fail. (Elliot 2010:1).
4.2.3.6 DATA ANALYSIS AND REPORTING
Data analysis is a mechanism for reducing and organising data to produce findings
(Blaxter, Hughes and Tight 2006:479). Data analysis is a challenging and a creative
process characterised by an intimate relationship of the researcher with the participants
(Kevern & Webb 2002:329).Qualitative data analysis its aims to give an in-depth and
interpreted understanding of a social phenomenon or research participant.
According to Web and Kavern (2007:778) Data Saturation is a tool used for ensuring
that adequate and quality data are collected to support the study. Data Saturation is a
point in data collection when no new or relevant information emerges. (Given 2008:1).
Creswell & Clark (2011:34) defines coding as an analytic process in which data in both
Quantitative form or qualitative is catergorised to facilitate analysis. According to
Neunman and Lawrence (2006:67) coding refers to the process of assigning categories
or themes to related segments of information (quotes) relevant to the research topic.
Are found a limited number of dynamic affirmations, called themes, which control
behavior or stimulate activity. (Silverman 2009:40). According to Gerber, Nel and Van
Dyk (2009:9) while theme is sometimes used to describe an integrating, relational idea
from the data more often it is used to describe elements identified from text.
Computer – aid data analysis - help people to manage, shape and make sense of
unstructured information (Richards & Morse 2013:21). According to Silver and Lewins
(2014:4) computer –aided data analysis offers tools that assist with qualitative research
such as transcription analysis.
Verbatim offers readers greater depth of understanding. People’s spoken words
sometimes showed the strength of their views or the depth of feelings. (Kitzinger
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2010:300). According to Vroom (2009:125) verbatim quotes as an exact repetition
without changing the words
4.2.3.7. STRATEGIES EMPLOYED TO ENSURE QUALITY DATA
According to Cascio (2005:87) “Quality data ensuring a form of variety of disciplines,
paradigm, and epistemologies embraces multiple standards of quality, known variously
as validity, credibility or trustworthiness”.
According to Stacey (2008:2) trustworthiness imply being honest, fair in dealings and
punctual as well as honoring trusts and keeping promises. Trustworthiness enhances
the integrity and sound moral conduct that is inherent in the notion of honesty (Morgan
2011:130).
How can one ensure that qualitative research is indeed trustworthy? For any research
to be trustworthy, it needs to be evaluated on four generic criteria, viz. truth value,
applicability, consistency and neutrality (Guba 2004:266).
Credibility: According to Guba (2004:266) credibility is an evaluation of whether or not
the research findings represent a “credible” conceptual interpretation of the data.
According to Krefting (2006:218) this is determined by assessing to what extent the
findings of the study are a true reflection of the life world of the informants.
Transferability: Transferability is the degree to which the findings of the study can apply
or transfer beyond the bounds of the project; the degree to which findings can be
applied to other groups (Guba 2004:266). Krefting (2006:216).
Dependability: Dependability is an assessment of the quality of the integrated processes
of data collection, data analysis, and theory generation (Guba 2004:267). Qualitative
researchers tend to view dependability as “a fit between what they record as data and
what actually occurs in the setting under study.
Conformability: This is considered to be the fourth aspect in Guba`s four generic criteria
for ensuring trustworthiness. (Guba 2004:267).Krefting (2006:214) suggests that
neutrality in qualitative research should consider the neutrality of the data rather than
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that of the researcher. This refers to the extent to which the research findings are free
from bias.
4.2.3.8 Ethical Consideration
According to Grobler et al (2011:35) Ethics can be described as the discipline dealing
with what is good and bad, or right and wrong. Ethics can be defined as the critical,
structured examination of how we should behave (Powel 2010:1). According to Corey
and Callahan (2005:223) the participants must be given a full explanation of the nature
and purpose of the research. The participant must be given /obtain an informed
consent, the consent must be voluntary and the participants are free to withdraw at any
time or choose not to participate in the study.
The participants must be given a respectful treatment and ensured of their
confidentiality. As data will be recorded using (audio recording) the participants will not
be video recorded, their identity will be protected. Moreover, data will be kept in a safe
place where access could not be obtained by others outside the research study.
Anonymity and the participants` privacy must be ensured, giving participants the
opportunity to share their experiences without fear that anything would be used against
them or the will not be physical or emotionally harmed.(Neuman 2009:26).
According to (Morgan 2008:12) the researcher role is to act in an ethical manner at all
times. Protect confidential communications example personnel records .The researcher
must be competent and adequately skilled and be a responsible scholar. Must respect
the respondents and treat them fairly.
Researchers should not use unpublished data methods as their own or results without
permission .They must have respect for intellectual property - never plagiarize. The
researcher must prohibit against fabrication, falsification of findings and
misrepresentation of data and always be truthful and avoids error. The researcher must
be objective must protect human participants and be open minded and avoid being
biased. Understanding the limits of the internet; Health and wellness practitioner must
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have the technology knowhow conduct research and be cautious when exchanging
confidential information.
According to Craddick, Crasford and Rhodes (2005:1) the researcher must treat data
and findings in an ethical manner and with Integrity –. It is unethical to duplicate entries
of data or republish as original data previously published data. Screening of
respondents is done online the researcher must delete personal information after
conducting research to ensure/ protect confidentiality.
Reporting of Findings- The meaning of research or the findings must be clear, must not
lead to only one conclusion .The research must be open to more than one interpretation
(unambiguous).The research must admit limitations such as financial constraints,
adequate resources and can hinder the research from being completed or take a long
time to complete (Privitera 2014:23).
Sampling -Ensure the representation of sample size. The researcher chose to conduct
the research in the rural areas it represents a small population therefore the sample size
will be small rather than always focusing on the population/ communities living in the
urban and the big city.
5. EXPECTED CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY
According to Elliot (2010:6) the purpose of the study is to raise awareness that
employee’s health and wellness programs can save lives for an example taking time off
at work and excersing can reduce stress and save you from getting sick.
For personal development – studying research will help the research in gaining skills
and knowledge on how to conduct research especially if the researcher decides to
further research / pursue Masters in Human Resources Management.
Motivation of the study is to highlight that stress is a major contributor of employees
illness in SAPS, to enlighten the organisation and employees about the importance of
implementing the health and wellness program in SAPS and to emphasize that police
officers are under a lot of strain since they have to deal with the recent killings of other
fellow police officers.
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Contribution – This study provides new information that other organisations do not
realize the extent to which employees wellness contributes to the organisations bottom
line. Organisations should invest time and resources in an employee wellness culture ,
with the focus on being proactive rather than reactive , can expect return on investment
lower absenteeism,healtheir employees ,fewer accidents and lower staff turnover
(Dhanesar and Hales 2005:28).
6. CHAPTER CLASSIFICATION
Chapter One: Introduction and Background to the study-This chapter will comprise the
background and scope of the study. The chapter will also highlight the problem
statement and research objectives. In addition, an outline of the research design and
methodology will be presented, the role of the researcher and research ethics will also
be highlighted. The expected contribution of the study will be contemplated.
Chapter two: Literature review
This chapter will explore the theoretical objectives by conceptualising and defining the
employees’ health and wellness as it currently manifests in select South African
organisation, having to consider the implications of the Occupational health and safety
Act 85 of 1993 for the SAPS, the is a need to reflect upon the causes of illness among
employees in the workplace and explain the importance of implementation of employee
health and wellness programs in South African organisations.
Chapter Three: Research design and Methodology
The design and method of research used in the study will be covered in this chapter.
The empirical objectives comprehend the live realities of Police officers in the
employees’ health and wellness program in the rural communities; by identify the
benefits of wellness and the processes of how EAP function at the rural communities.
Within the demarcated area will be explored. In edition strategies employed to ensure
quality data will be reported.
19
Chapter Four: Resulting and findings -This chapter will be address the transcription,
analysis, interpretation and evaluation of the research findings. Verbatim quotes will be
supported by a process of literature control.
Chapter Five: Conclusion and Recommendations
This chapter will provide an overview of the study. Concluding remarks will be
presented. Limitations and Implications for further research will be highlighted
Recommendations will be present based on the outcome of the study.
20
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