policy based investing june 2, 2020 › files › 2020 › 06 › 1651_pbi.pdf · policy based...

POLICY BASED INVESTING June 2, 2020

RULES BASED MONETARY POLICY

On February 13 Judy Shelton underwent a Federal Reserve Board nomination hearing, after which a date was to be set for the first of two votes she would have to pass before being appointed. Shortly after, however, Congress went into crisis-fighting mode and lockdown measures were imposed. With a majority of senators required to be present, it remains uncertain when Shelton’s appointment process will continue. The delay has not stopped her from continuing to share her views about monetary policy.

In a recent interview Shelton said,

“I don’t see it so much as returning [to the gold standard], more like ‘back to the future.’ I think that what a gold standard stands for is monetary discipline for its own sake. Money is supposed to be a unit of account, a reliable measure and a dependable store of value. It really shouldn’t be subject to who’s the chairman of the Federal Reserve…Central banks are not serving the private sector in providing that reliable unit of account …under the gold standard, you did have that stability, and I think that’s what’s missing.

How can a dozen people meeting eight times a year, decide what the cost of capital should be versus some kind of organically, market supply determined rate? The Fed is not omniscient. They don’t know what the right rate should be. How could anyone? If the success of capitalism depends on someone being smart enough to know what the rate should be on everything . . . we’re doomed. We might as well resurrect Gosplan.”

Shelton’s powerful monetary framework would be a game changer on the Federal Reserve Board. While she would likely stand alone in support of a rules based monetary system, her voice could force the debate to even be had. This opens the door for a monumental policy shift in global monetary policy.

It is important to remember that an overt move to a gold or commodity based standard isn’t necessary. In 1986 President Reagan appointed Wayne Angle and Manual Johnson to the Federal Reserve Board. Both men believed that the best way to judge the monetary policy stance is by observing the price action in financial markets. Angell favored commodity prices as an indicator of monetary policy, while Johnson advocated


looking at a broader range of financial markets like commodities, equities, exchange rates and the yield curve. Despite their implementation differences, their frameworks were the same - make monetary policy more rules based so as to react to free markets instead of being led by flawed humans in power at the Fed.

In a paper written in 1991 titled, “Commodity Prices and Monetary Policy – What Have we Learned?” from 1991, Angell suggested the Fed should follow a rule for the monetary base where the base is increased or decreased dependent on the development in commodity prices.

According to Market Monetarist,

“Looking at the development in the monetary base during the time Angell was at the Fed it surely looks like this is effectively was the policy the Fed actually followed. You don’t need advanced econometric studies to see that there is a pretty clear relationship. As commodity prices (the CRB Index) drop the Fed reacts within some quarters by expanding the growth rate of the money base. This is for example the case from 1984 to 1987 and again from 1989 to 1993. Hence, the Fed de facto seems to have changed the monetary policy stance based on the signals from financial market data.


The Federal Reserve obviously did not return U.S. monetary policy to an overt gold standard during the Wayne Angell years. However, monetary policy did enjoy a long period of Dollar strength and stability with data suggesting a rules based system using commodity prices was followed.

If Judy Shelton is confirmed to the Federal Reserve Board we are optimistic that she will serve as the Wayne Angell of her time and reignite a rules based monetary policy discussion. With an ally or two maybe she can even orchestrate such policy as Wayne Angell and Manley Johnson did.


ALLOCATOR

Fixed Income

Bonds are an asset class that does well in a deflationary policy environment (Low Growth & Strong Currency)

We have long said the Treasury bond bubble will pop again as it did from May2013-Jan2014 when long term Treasury bonds fell 18%. With voters choosing Trump’s pro-growth agenda to ignite growth, we believe the this is even more likely. Treasury bond prices are at risk to fall 30-50%, and we expect any moves higher in bond prices (lower in yields) to be short-lived. Since most other bonds price off of Treasury yields, fixed income in general is a risky asset class.

Asset ETF Action Date Red Sell/Green Buy

Current Price

% Gain/Loss Policy Notes

Investment Grade LQD 9/9/2016 $119.00 $131.64 10.6%

Aggregate Bond AGG 9/9/2016 $109.00 $117.37 7.7%

Municipal MUB 9/9/2016 $111.00 $114.95 3.6%

TIPS TIP 9/9/2016 $114.00 $121.95 7.0%

Extended Duration EDV 9/9/2016 $128.00 $163.87 28.0%

US Treasury 3-7 yr IEI 9/9/2016 $124.00 $133.48 7.6%

US Treasury 7-10 yr IEF 9/9/2016 $109.00 $121.77 11.7%

US Treasury 20+ yr TLT 9/9/2016 $133.00 $162.28 22.0%

International Total Bond BNDX 9/9/2016 $54.40 $57.27 5.3%

High Yield HYG 4/12/2016 $77.00 $82.72 7.4% Act more like equities than bonds, benefit from improving growth


ALLOCATOR

Commodities

A change in the price of gold is a change in the value of the currency. When gold rises, the currency’s value falls and vice versa. Commodities are an asset class that does well when the currency is weak. If growth is slowing while the currency weakens, there is stagflation. Own precious metals. If growth is accelerating while the currency weakens, there is an inflationary expansion. Own agriculture, industrial and energy commodities.

Commodities suffered heavy losses in the strong US Dollar environment 2012-2015. In 2016 Dollar weakness was caused by election uncertainty and commodities rallied. That weak Dollar trend was reversed by Election2016.

Gold’s recent rise has been driven by a general “risk-off” stance, caused in large part by fear about coronavirus impact on global trade/supply chains coupled with Bernie Sanders’ rising odds to capture the DNC nomination. We expect these fears to be transitory throughout 2020, especially since we do no believe Sanders’ policy menu can win the country. At this time the move up in gold is not, in our assessment, connected to worsening domestic economic policies that would cause a flight out of Dollars. However, we cannot ignore the market based signal of gold moving to new highs.


Current Price % Gain/Loss Policy Notes

Gold GLD 2/18/2020 $150.91 $163.66 8.4% Safe haven rush into precious metal

Silver SLV 2/18/2020 $17.01 $17.10 0.5%

Energy DBE 8/13/2014 $28.97 $8.80 -69.6%

Oil USO 7/30/2014 $37.00 $26.22 -29.1%

Agriculture DBA 9/13/2011 $32.50 $13.67 -57.9%

Broad Comm. Index GSG 8/5/2011 $33.00 $9.86 -70.1%

Base Metals DBB 6/17/2011 $23.00 $12.99 -43.5%


ALLOCATOR

Real Estate

Real Estate is an asset class that performs well when growth is accelerating. When rising growth is coupled with a strong currency, own real estate tied to business activity (like commercial REITS). When rising growth is coupled with a weak currency, own real estate tied to commodities (farmland).

Commercial RE will be helped by improving real economic growth. RE properties leveraged to businesses & economic growth are preferred under pro-growth US policies.


Current Price

% Gain/Loss

Policy Notes

Residential REZ 12/21/2016 $61.00 $61.52 0.9%

Building/Construction ITB 12/21/2016 $28.00 $43.34 54.8%

Mortgage REIT REM 4/1/2016 $35.00 $23.43 -33.1%

REIT VNQ 3/7/2016 $75.50 $79.22 4.9%


ALLOCATOR

US Equity

US Equity - Cap Size

We have been waiting for a 1980s/90s type of policy driven equity bull market for sixteen years. The 2014 midterm House/Senate/gubernatorial election shifts put us on the path as pro-growth candidates propelled the GOP to majorities. It was a repudiation of anti-growth economic policies and a big step toward a Reagan/Clinton type of equity bull market. Despite the voters’ growth signal, Obama doubled down on his tax/spend/regulatory (EPA) agendas in 2015 causing stocks to be range bound and volatile. As 2016 began, policy uncertainty ahead of November’s elections became the biggest threat to equities. The ebb and flow of the presidential political season moved markets in both directions as investors waited to learn which policy theme would prevail in November – growth vs. redistribution. Voters decisively made their choice in Election2016, and growth won. Trump’s pro-growth policy agenda beat Hillary’s anti-growth policy agenda in landslide fashion. Republicans retained control of the Senate, House and increased their control of governorships by three. The policy stage is now set for Trump and Congress to keep delivering pro-growth tax, regulatory and monetary policies. As they do, a bull market in U.S. equities will ignite to rival the 1980s/90s


Current Price % Gain/Loss Policy Notes

Micro IWC 7/11/2016 $72.00 $83.30 15.7%

Total Market IWV 5/19/2016 $117.00 $177.74 51.9%

Large IWB 5/19/2016 $111.00 $169.53 52.7%

Small Cap IJR 5/19/2016 $54.00 $66.87 23.8%

Mid Cap IWR 4/6/2016 $38.57 $53.45 38.6%


US Equity - Style

US Equity - Sector


Current Price


Large Growth IWF 7/11/2016 $101.00 $185.49 83.7%

Small Growth IWO 7/11/2016 $140.00 $201.86 44.2%

Small Value IWN 5/19/2016 $92.00 $95.89 4.2%

Mid Growth IWP 5/9/2016 $90.00 $156.11 73.5%

Large Value IWD 4/6/2016 $95.00 $114.73 20.8%

Mid Value IWS 4/6/2016 $68.00 $77.11 13.4%


Current Price


Staples XLP 6/5/2017 $57.00 $59.64 4.6%

Utilities XLU 6/5/2017 $54.00 $60.40 11.9%

Metals/Mining XME 5/8/2017 $29.00 $21.34 -26.4% Tied to commodity prices, hurt by strong Dollar

Energy XLE 3/13/2017 $69.00 $39.44 -42.8% Tied to commodity prices, hurt by strong Dollar

Healthcare XLV 2/8/2017 $71.00 $101.99 43.6%

Discretionary XLY 11/14/2016 $79.00 $125.37 58.7%

Financial XLF 7/18/2016 $19.00 $23.68 24.6% Helped by Trump deregulation (Dodd Frank)

Materials XLB 4/6/2016 $44.00 $55.83 26.9%

Industrial XLI 3/14/2016 $52.00 $67.82 30.4%

Technology XLK 3/7/2016 $41.00 $97.94 138.9% Repatriation tax reform huge plus for tech companies


Foreign Equity

Country ETF Action Date Red Sell/Green Buy

Current Price


China FXI 8/5/2019 $39.86 $39.77 -0.23% China’s currency devaluation policy is a growth killer

Hong Kong EWH 7/6/2016 $24.08 $20.48 -14.95%

Mexico EWW 10/1/2018 $51.23 $32.82 -35.94% Freer and fairer trade agreements are pro-growth for all parties involved

Canada EWC 10/1/2018 $28.78 $25.65 -10.88%

Denmark EDEN 7/2/2018 $63.89 $73.13 14.46% European polices not improvng despite anti-austerity movements across the Euro Zone. Capital is fleeing. A zero trariff trade deal

with the U.S. would reverse course and be very pro-growth for European economies.

Switzerland EWL 7/2/2018 $32.58 $38.80 19.09%

Netherlands EWN 7/2/2018 $30.51 $31.10 1.93%

Sweden EWD 7/2/2018 $30.51 $30.83 1.05%

Eurozone EZU 7/2/2018 $41.01 $35.58 -13.24%

Spain EWP 7/2/2018 $30.35 $22.18 -26.92%

Poland EPOL 7/2/2018 $21.78 $16.72 -23.23%

France EWQ 7/2/2018 $30.52 $26.48 -13.24%

Germany EWG 7/2/2018 $29.98 $26.50 -11.61%

Italy EWI 7/2/2018 $28.89 $23.05 -20.21%

Austria EWO 7/2/2018 $22.65 $14.87 -34.35%

Israel EIS 2/26/2018 $52.41 $52.73 0.61%

Vietnam VNM 10/9/2017 $14.99 $14.05 -6.27% Demographic leverage to US economic growth policies

Indonesia EIDO 7/24/2017 $26.78 $17.88 -33.23% Demographic leverage to US economic growth policies

Ireland EIRL 1/26/2017 $39.00 $37.54 -3.74%

Singapore EWS 1/11/2017 $21.00 $18.73 -10.81%

World Ex US VEU 11/15/2016 $43.50 $46.87 7.75% Global growth reset higher after US Election2016

Norway ENOR 8/20/2016 $20.00 $19.49 -2.55%

UK EWU 8/4/2016 $30.50 $26.44 -13.31% Brexit was a vote for growth


Finland EFNL 7/26/2016 $33.00 $36.60 10.91%

Japan EWJ 7/15/2016 $47.00 $56.25 19.68% Trade deal with U.S. is pro-growth

South Korea EWY 7/13/2016 $52.00 $54.94 5.65%

Hong Kong EWH 7/6/2016 $19.00 $20.48 7.79%

Peru EPU 6/29/2016 $30.50 $27.78 -8.92%

South Africa EZA 6/29/2016 $51.00 $34.15 -33.04%

India EPI 6/27/2016 $19.00 $19.14 0.74% Strong Dollar emerging market, tied to US growth

Taiwan EWT 6/21/2016 $27.00 $37.82 40.07%

Thailand THD 5/20/2016 $64.00 $72.14 12.72%

Belgium EWK 3/16/2016 $16.50 $16.53 0.18%

New Zealand ENZL 3/5/2016 $36.00 $52.46 45.72%

Philippines EPHE 8/5/2015 $37.00 $26.00 -29.73%

Qatar QAT 12/1/2014 $24.00 $16.13 -32.79%

Malysia EWM 10/3/2014 $41.00 $25.96 -36.68%

Australia EWA 9/16/2014 $22.50 $18.95 -15.78%

Greece GREK 7/14/2014 $20.00 $19.86 -0.70%

Portugal PGAL 6/4/2014 $15.00 $9.55 -36.33%

Columbia ICOL 6/27/2013 $21.00 $8.38 -60.10%

Turkey TUR 6/1/2013 $58.00 $22.21 -61.71%

UAE UAE 5/20/2013 $23.00 $10.29 -55.26%

Russia RSX 8/7/2011 $30.00 $19.97 -33.43% Weak Dollar emerging market

Brazil EWZ 7/14/2011 $60.00 $27.50 -54.17% Weak Dollar emerging market

Chile ECH 3/1/2011 $61.00 $24.70 -59.51%

Egypt EGPT 2/23/2004 $64.00 $22.64 -64.63%


POLICY MAP

Growth decreased versus last week (-0.85 to -0.93): Despite pro-growth tax and regulatory policy improvements since 2016, growth has tipped into negative territory from a COVID-19 caused economic shutdown. The Fed is providing unlimited liquidity to prevent a solvency crisis during the first even intentional recession in history. ]

Value of US$ decreased versus last week (1.20 to 1.28): Dollar had been stable between gold $1,300-$1,375/oz, and strengthened to $1,230/oz. giving the Fed a strong Dollar signal to pause rate hikes until economic and market data calm down. Recent Dollar weakness above $1,400 is concerning but likely has some likely temporary drivers like Coronavirus and threat of an anti-growth DNC policy agenda post 2020. The longer the U.S. economy remains shut down, the weaker the U.S. will become.


BOND YIELD COMPONENT ANALYSIS

Nominal Yield: 0.65% (-2%) Inflation Expectation Component: 1.15% (+3%) Real Growth Component: -0.50% (-9%)

Bond market expectations for both real growth and inflation have collapsed. Before recently, the collapse in real growth had been largely caused by global bond market dynamics with negative interest rates across the globe. But now slow growth fears have come to the U.S. A domestic “shutdown” caused by COVID-19 weighs heavily on near term growth. Economic slowdown, even if it’s short, makes post-2020 election policy highly uncertain. The Federal Reserve is doing what it needs to do by providing sufficient liquidity to the banking system. Fiscal policy is the next policy lever to be pulled to counteract negative economic effects of a COVID-19 caused economic shutdown. So far, the first “stimulus” bill passed offers no pro-growth solutions to get the supply side of the economy turned back on.

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policy based investing june 2, 2020 › files › 2020 › 06 › 1651_pbi.pdf · policy based...

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