Political(battles(between(inclusion(and(welfare((Overview((The(UK(Coalition(Government’s(Welfare(reforms(has(given(rise(to(a(new(movement(of(‘sick(and(disabled’(people,(a(grass(roots(platform(using(social(media(that(frames(disability(solely(in(terms(of(welfare(and(poverty.(This(is(a(clear(and(open(challenge(to(the(Social(model(of(disability,(the(first(of(its(kind(within(disability(politics,(and(appears(to(be(in(opposition(to(the(historic(call(for(inclusion(and(independent(living.(((The(paper(explores(the(environment(that(has(allowed(this(division(to(arise,(and(its(implications(to(what(is(becoming(a(fragmented(disability(culture(and(identity.(The(paper(explores(the(validity(of(framing(sickness(as(different(to(impairment(and/or(disability,(and(the(implications(of(such(framing(in(terms(of(welfare(and(inclusion(related(social(policy.(The(paper(reviews(the(notion(that(the(social(model(is(not(relevant(to(‘sick(people’,(and(what(impact(dismantling(the(social(model(could(have(for(‘traditional’(disabled(people.(((The(paper(concludes(by(proposing(how(the(notions(of(welfare(and(inclusion(could(be(reframed(to(become(social(policy(that(is(both(faithful(to(theoretical(principles(and(practical(to(implement.(((Introduction((During(the(1990s(and(up(to(2005,(disability(issues(have(been(politically(framed(within(in(UK(in(terms(of(a(civil(rights(and(human(rights,(designed(to(facilitate(the(social(inclusion(of(disabled(people(in(all(areas(of(society,(on(the(same(basis(as(nonNdisabled(people(in(terms(of(citizenship.(While(they(may(have(been(internal(battles(with(the(‘disability’(community,(there(appeared(to(be(a(consistent(message(and(policy(direction(by(all(corners(towards(the(inclusion(of(disabled(people,(supported(by(the(‘New’(Labour(Government(from(1997.((When(the(Conservative(and(Liberal(Democrat(coalition(government(came(to(power(in(May(2010,(with(the(promise(of(‘welfare(reforms’(that(would(directly(affect(many(sick(and(disabled(people,(there(appeared(to(be(a(sudden(and(significant(change(in(the(political(priorities(of(disability(related(organisations(and(groups,(causing(an(increased(diversity(in(the(public(display(of(activism(as(‘the(voice(of(disabled(people”.((The(political(voice(of(disabled(people(as(user(led(organisations,(nonNdisabled(led(disability(charities,(and(informal(disability(activist(groups,(appeared(for(the(most(part(to(be(focused(on(campaigning(in(opposition(to(the(welfare(reforms(proposed(and(delivered(by(the(coalition(government(as(opposed(to(campaigning(for(any(possible(way(forward.((As(the(paper(will(discuss(in(more(detail,(this(new(desire(to(keep(the(status(quo,(as(opposed(to(desiring(the(advancement(in(the(inclusion(of(disabled(people,(as(fought(for(since(the(1970s,(was(a(significant(change(in(direction(and(tactics(as(the(issue(of(

welfare(took(centre(stage.(This(saw(a(new(generation(of(activists(become(vocal(using(the(power(of(social(media(under(the(banner(of(‘sick(and(disabled(people’(with(informal(groups(like(‘Spartacus(Network’(nominally(headed(up(by(blogger(Sue(Marsh,(known(for(her(‘Diary(of(a(Benefit(Scrounger’1.((Between(2010(and(now,(the(political(space(for(disability(issues(in(the(UK(has(appeared(to(have(shifted(significantly(towards(welfare(issues,(specifically(focusing(on(the(retaining(of(income(related(benefits(like(Employment(and(Support(Allowance((ESA).(More(specifically,(the(current(political(definition(of(disability,(as(it(is(publicly(perceived,(has(been(acutely(focused(on(whether(or(not(someone(is(‘fit(for(work’(as(defined(by(the(Work(Capacity(Assessment((WCA).(((The(rights(and(wrongs(of(WCA2,(includes(how(it(has(been(implemented,(as(well(as(the(reform(of(other(disability(rated(benefits,(have(been(the(central(battleground(between(‘sick(and(disabled(activists’(and(the(government.(This(focus(on(the(merits(or(pitfalls(of(a(bioNpsychosocial(assessment(above(any(other(issue(appears(to(align(current(activism(to(the(medical(model(of(disability.((The(offers(a(direct(challenge(to(previous(disabled(people’s(campaigning(for(inclusion(under(the(theoretical(framework(of(the(social(model(of(disability.((This(challenge(has(been(framed(within(a(wider(‘antiNcuts’(movement(dominated(by(traditional(left(wing(activism,(where(the(issue(of(disability(has(reduced(into(a(simple(message(of(vulnerability(and(dependency.(This(has(been(picked(up(by(the(left(wing(and(liberal(media(outlets(and(brought(unprecedented(public(attention(to(disabled(people,(although(framed(in(terms(of(the(medical(model.((More(interesting(is(how(many(sick(and(disabled(people(activists(along(with(userNled(charities(and(disability(charities(have(framed(the(welfare(reforms(and(how(they(have(claimed(those(in(favour(of(the(welfare(reforms(have(framed(disabled(people(as(‘benefit(scroungers’(and(even(produced(a(supposed(social(science(around(dealing(with(‘malingering’(conditions,(even(suggesting(the(social(model(of(disability(is(harmful(to(their(need(for(welfare3.(((This(paper(questions(the(impact(of(the(use(of(the(‘scrounger’(rhetoric(in(terms(of(its(impact(on(the(inclusion(of(disabled(people(as(a(whole.(The(paper(also(highlights(the(current(practical,(attitudinal(and(political(challenges(between(the(issues(of(welfare(and(inclusion,(highlighting(the(specific(issues(that(could(perhaps(be(better(understood(or(resolved.(((History(of(the(Disability(Movement((The(birth(of(the(first(UK(Disability(Movement(started(in(the(1970s(with(the(Union(of(the(Physically(Impaired(Against(Segregation((UPIAS).(It(was(founded(as(a(response(to(disabled(people’s(frustration(with(residential(care,(which(was(the(norm(for(people(with(physical(impairments(at(the(time,(and(became(the(motivation(for(the(creation(of(the(‘Social(Model’4.((Over(the(next(40(years,(the(movement(grew(with(a(progression(of(userNled(organisations,(and(fought(for(and(won(civil(and(other(rights.(The(movement(can(be(

credited(for(its(contribution(to(the(Disability(Discrimination(Act(in(1995,(that(became(part(of(the(Equality(Act(in(2005.(Under(the(guise(of(the(‘independent(living(movement’,(it(can(be(credited(for(great(advances(in(social(care(including(the(Independent(Living(Fund,(direct(payments(and(personal(budget.(Many(disabled(people(who(would(have(lived(in(residential(care(in(the(1970s,(now(have(the(opportunity(to(live(in(the(community(and(many(employ(their(own(personal(assistants.((The(disability(movement,(particularly(in(terms(of(the(work(of(the(‘Disabled(Income(Group((DIG)’,(which(is(now(been(absorbed(into(‘Disability(Rights(UK’,(can(also(be(credited(for(the(creation(of(welfare(benefits(specifically(designed(for(disabled(people(including(‘Disability(Living(Allowance’(and(‘Incapacity(Benefit’,(which(has(evolved(into(ESA.(((DIG(always(had(a(different(viewpoint(and(agenda(to(UPIAS,(and(there(was(always(a(difference(of(opinion,(which(is(somewhat(reflective(of(the(current(welfare(versus(inclusion(discourse.(While(UPIAS(was(interested(in(eliminating(the(environmental(and(social(barriers(disabled(people(faced(in(becoming(citizens,(including(employment(opportunities,(DIG(campaigned(for(a(standard(income(for(disabled(people(on(an(assumption(that(they(were(unable(to(work(regardless(of(whether(social(barriers(were(removed.(This(difference(of(opinion(mirrors(the(current(differences(between(framing(disability(in(terms(of(welfare(or(inclusion.5(6((By(May(2010,(the(political(activity(of(the(movement(was(low,(focused(on(human(rights(and(the(implementation(of(the(United(Nations(Convention(of(the(Rights(of(Persons(with(a(Disability((UNCRPD)7.(The(movement,(as(mostly(locally(led(Disabled(People’s(User(Led(Organisations((DPULO),(has(become(dependent(on(state(funding(to(survive,(in(exchange(for(providing(social(care(and(other(related(services(at(the(direction(of(national(and(local(government.(In(the(present(climate,(it(can(now(be(argued(that(the(‘first’(disabled(person’s(movement(has(now(become(a(part(of(the(system,(and(therefore(it(is(no(longer(an(effective(social(movement8.((When(the(Conservative(and(Liberal(Democrat(coalition(government(came(into(power(in(May(2010,(there(was(an(almost(instant(shift(into(how(disabled(people(represented(themselves(and(were(represented(by(others.(Fundamentally,(there(was(a(fierce(opposition(to(the(notion(of(austerity(and(the(then(proposed(welfare(reforms(amongst(many(disabled(people(and(their(organisations.(Over(the(next(few(years,(this(change(in(climate(saw(the(formation(of(a(number(of(national(informal(groups(made(up(by(‘disabled(activists’(including(‘Disabled(People(Against(Cuts((DPAC)’,(‘Black(Triangle’,(‘Spartacus(Network’(and(‘War(on(Welfare((WOW)(Petition’.((DPAC9(is(a(national(group(of(mostly(physically(impaired(and(generally(older(activists(that(has(solid(links(to(the(trade(union(movement(and(more(general(antiNausterity(campaigning(organisations.(In(the(name(of(reclaiming(social(rights,(the(organisation(has(a(combative(approach,(and(has(played(a(major(role(in(the(campaigning(against(the(closure(of(the(Independent(Living(Fund10.(((Black(Triangle11(is(a(very(similar(organisation(to(DPAC,(based(in(Scotland(with(a(relevant(bias(towards(Scottish(affairs.(It(was(formed(as(a(response(to(the(suicide(of(Paul(Reekie,(an(event(that(they(attribute(to(failing(the(WCA(assessment,(specifically(targeting(the(new(WCA(provider(ATOS(for(heavy(criticism.((

(The(Spartacus(Network12(was(a(shortNlived(informal(‘online’(campaign(group,(attempting(to(provide(a(constructive(response(to(the(proposed(and(implemented(welfare(reforms(on(behalf(of(people(who(defined(themselves(as(sick(or(having(a(longNterm(condition(including(people(with(hidden(conditions.(The(network(was(provisionally(headed(up(by(Sue(Marsh,(Kaliya(Franklin(and(Jane(Young,(and(was(the(first(time(‘sick(people’(had(organised(themselves(as(a(political(movement,(which(the(paper(will(discuss(further.((The(WOW(Petition13(was(another(informal(group(of(disabled(activists(fronted(by(comedienne(Francesca(Martinez14,(which(set(up(an(eNpetition(in(December(2012(on(the(UK(Government’s(website(that(called(for(a(Culminated(Impact(Assessment(on(the(impact(of(the(mirage(of(welfare(changes(under(the(Welfare(Reform(Act(201215(with(regards(to(disabled(people,(along(with(a(whole(range(of(uncoordinated(demands.(Within(the(12(months(allowed(for(the(petition,(the(petition(received(just(over(104,000(signatures(and(resulted(in(a(debate(in(parliament(on(Thursday(27th(February(2014(on(the(issues16(although(it(is(did(not(result(in(any(change(in(government(policy.(The(said(petition(has(since(been(used(by(those(running(it(as(a(springboard(for(further(campaigning(that(fell(outside(of(their(original(remit.(((In(addition(to(those(groups,(the(relative(accessibility(of(social(media(and(the(mainstream(nature(of(blogging(platform(such(as(WordPress,(has(allowed(many(individuals(a(platform(for(their(own(individual(causes(and(viewpoints.(A(direct(consequence(of(this(new(modern(approach(to(activism(has(been(the(extensive(production(of(materials,(from(multiple(different(sources,(with(widely(varying(levels(of(professionalism(and(academic(validity.(((This(myriad(of(official(organisations,(informal(groups(and(vocal(individuals(has(often(come(into(conflict(with(each(other(for(their(views.(Thus(it(can(be(argued(that(this(new(status(quo(has(negatively(impacted(on(the(progression(of(the(disabled(people(equality(agenda(within(the(UK.(This(new(generations(of(activists(also(seem(to(challenge(the(direction(of(disability(issues(on(a(political(level,(from(a(desire(for(inclusion(through(the(improvement(of(society,(and(towards(a(desire(for(welfare(and(the(retaining(of(income(for(people(regarded(as(unable(to(work.(((Models(of(disability((In(order(to(fully(understand(this(paper,(it(is(important(to(understand(the(two(central(models(of(disability,(which(aree(the(medical(model(and(the(social(model.(Both(models(have(been(constructed(by(disabled(people17(and(extensively(discussed(by(disability(academics(like(Vic(Fickenstin,(Tom(Shakespeare,(Mike(Oliver(and(Jenny(Morris18.(The(models(of(disability(can(be(central(in(reframing(disabled(people(away(on(a(medical(issue,(that(needs(curing(or(eliminating,(and(towards(a(social(issue(in(terms(of(having(civil(and(human(rights.((The(medical(model(frames(disability(as(being(a(biological(deficient(cause(by(impairment(that(either(requires(curing(or(eliminating.(It(specifically(located(the(problems(disabled(people(face(solely(within(the(individual(themselves.(The(medical(model(dominated(health(policy(around(the(world(throughout(the(20th(Century(in(two(

ways.(Firstly,(the(scientific(community(became(obsessed(with(curing(any(kind(of(illness(or(impairment(at(any(cost.(It(was(once(believed(that(science(could(solve(anything(in(just(a(matter(of(time,(and(therefore(disabled(people(just(needed(to(be(warehoused(until(they(could(be(cured.19((Towards(the(end(of(the(20th(Century(and(into(the(21st(Century,(health(services,(particularly(in(the(UK,(realised(that(in(many(cases,(trying(to(cure(someone’s(illness(and(impairment(is(not(often(possible,(cost(effective(or(desired,(and(that(it(is(better(to(support(someone(to(manage(their(conditions(in(the(long(term.20((The(second(implication(of(the(medical(model(is(the(desire(to(eradicate(disabled(people(as(biological(abnormalities(and(can(be(defined(within(an(eugenics(agenda.(This(is(implemented(through(the(socially(accepted(use(of(abortion(in(relation(to(foetuses(that(portray(physical(or(genetic(abnormality,(and(the(acceptance(of(assisted(dying(or(suicide.(An(extreme(implication(of(the(medical(model(can(be(seen(with(the(Nazi(agenda(in(1930s(Germany,(where(200,000(disabled(people(were(killed(as(a(precursor(of(the(eradication(of(Jews.21((Disabled(people’s(understanding(of(the(medical(model(caused(the(generation(of(a(formal(response(in(terms(of(the(social(model.(This(model(of(disability(suggests(that(disabled(people’s(problems(does(not(lie(within(themselves(in(terms(of(their(impairment,(but(rather(it(is(external(to(themselves(and(lies(within(society(in(terms(of(environmental(and(attitudinal(barriers.(An(example(would(be(that(the(ability(to(climb(stairs(would(not(be(the(problem,(but(rather(than(use(of(steps(as(opposed(to(or(in(conjunction(with(ramps(and(lifts.(By(removing(the(barriers(of(steps,(you(are(removing(the(disability.((The(social(model(importantly(proposes(that(disability(is(a(social(construction(and(that(changes(in(society(can(eliminate(disability.(It(however(recognises(the(impairment(exists(and(would(still(exist(as(a(biological(difference(that(will(still(cause(some(difficulties.(However,(the(social(model(does(not(frame(or(discuss(impairment(in(any(more(detail,(and(this(has(remained(a(significant(criticism(of(the(model(since(its(creation.(This(failure(to(deal(with(the(effects(of(impairment,(including(issues(like(pain(and(emotional(distress(has(caused(a(backlash(by(activists(within(the(sick(movement.((The(social(model(is(now(regarded(as(a(cornerstone(of(disability(related(social(policy(within(the(UK(and(internationally,(and(has(resulted(in(the(implementation(of(civil(rights,(major(improvements(in(the(accessibility(of(public(buildings(and(transport,(major(improvements(in(social(care(and(so(on.((Since(the(creation(of(the(medical(and(social(models(of(disability(over(40(years(ago,(and(despite(many(attempts(to(create(other(models,(there(has(not(been(any(major(theory(to(either(replace(or(compliment(these(models.(The(models(were(originally(designed(with(just(people(with(physical(impairments(in(mind,(and(over(time(other(impairment(groups(have(joined(the(disability(movement(and(identified(themselves(in(terms(of(the(social(model,(including(people(with(mental(health(issues,(people(with(dyslexia,(people(with(Autism(and(so(on.((The(regime(of(the(coalition(government(and(the(fact(its(austerity(measures(appears(to(be(directly(aimed(at(people(who(regard(themselves(as(being(‘too(sick(to(work’(as(

resulted(them(in(identifying(themselves(also(as(disabled(people.(However,(as(the(social(model(has(historically(been(used(to(remove(barriers(into(work,(and(this(is(in(direct(conflict(with(the(newly(forming(ideology(of(the(sick(movement,(this(is(the(social(model’s(potentially(biggest(challenge(in(its(history.22((The(challenge(from(the(sick(movement,(which(can(also(be(framed(as(a(conflict(between(framing(disability(as(a(welfare(or(inclusion(issue,(could(simply(be(a(matter(of(expanding(the(notions(of(adjustments(within(the(social(model.(The(social(model(is(primarily(regarded(to(be(focused(on(physical(and(attitudinal(barriers,(although(it(can(also(include(changes(in(policies,(procedures(and(practises(that(can(increase(the(inclusion(of(disabled(people.(It(can(be(seen(that(the(social(model’s(impact(on(the(way(employment(opportunities(are(constructed(has(so(far(been(minimal(in(terms(of(flexible(working,(changing(working(practices,(and(how(contribution(is(measured(and(rewarded.(It(is(therefore(currently(unsure(whether(developments(in(how(employment(is(constructed(would(provide(a(suitable(response(from(the(sick(movement’s(challenge.((The(challenge(from(the(sick(movement(could(also(see(the(creation(of(a(new(model(of(disability(to(take(over(as(the(dominant(way(of(thinking,(which(could(be(more(inclusive(and(encompassing(to(a(wider(range(of(people(with(impairments,(or(be(something(divisive(that(prolongs(the(friction(between(differing(impairment(groups.(((Understanding(Welfare((In(the(context(of(the(paper,(welfare23(can(be(defined(as(the(provision(of(state(support,(usually(in(terms(of(unrestricted(payments,(to(citizens(for(a(range(of(reasons(including(being(unemployed,(being(disabled,(having(children,(caring(for(someone(else(and(so(on.(The(term(unrestricted(payments,(as(defined(by(this(paper,(means(that(the(payments(are(made(on(a(regular(basis(when(someone(is(eligible(that(can(be(spent(on(anything(at(their(discretion(without(restriction(or(monitoring.((Within(the(UK,(the(Welfare(state24(was(founded(by(the(1945(Labour(government(with(a(number(of(acts(of(legislation(included(‘National(Assistance(Act(1948’,(which(covered(the(needs(of(disabled(people(and(others(who(were(unable(to(pay(National(Insurance(contributions25.(The(notion(of(the(welfare(state(was(that(everyone(who(worked(made(a(contribution(to(‘National(Insurance’,(through(the(taxation(system,(that(would(cover(their(pension(when(their(retired,(and(provided(welfare(payments(when(they(were(unemployed(and(able(to(look(for(work,(too(ill(to(work,(or(permanently(disabled(and(therefore(unable(to(work(indefinitely.(It(is(important(to(understand(this(was(created(in(an(era(where(there(were(far(fewer(employment(opportunities(for(disabled(people(and(greater(physical(inaccessibility(to(their(community.((The(welfare(state(manages(sickness(through(the(implied(use(of(the(Sick(Role26,(a(concept(created(by(Talcott(Parsons(in(1951.(The(sick(role(states(that(people(who(are(too(sick(to(work(at(that(time(are(permitted(to(take(time(off(work,(often(with(payments,(so(long(as(they(do(everything(they(can(to(restore(their(health(to(a(position(where(they(are(able(to(return(to(work.(This(would(include(seeking(medical(advice(and(attention,(taking(prescribed(medications,(and(agreeing(to(recommended(therapies,(treatments(and(operations.(

(The(sick(role(in(the(UK(is(not(so(much(something(that(is(legally(enforced(or(even(enforceable,(but(appears(to(rely(upon(social(pressures(to(conform.(Those(who(appear(to(unnecessarily(prolong(their(sickness(to(avoid(returning(to(work(can(be(made(to(feel(that(they(are(malingers,(although(this(can(become(more(complex(as(people’s(understanding(of(longNterm(conditions(increase.((While(the(sick(role(is(a(concept(that(still(works(well(for(the(majority(of(the(working(population,(there(are(2(main(groups(where(the(sick(role(does(not(work(or(has(trouble(working(with.(The(first(group(is(disabled(people(with(long(term(stable(impairments,(including(those(with(lifelong(impairments.(Under(the(medical(model(and(using(the(sick(role,(these(people(would(automatically(be(regarded(as(unable(to(work(until(they(could(be(‘cured’.(In(assuming(such(‘cures’(are(unlikely(to(happen,(they(would(therefore(be(excluded(from(the(workforce(indefinitely(and(require(daytime(activity(in(the(guise(of(therapy.((As(disabled(people(claimed(their(independence(under(the(social(model,(they(rejected(the(idea(that(having(a(longNterm(impairment(meant(they(shared(the(same(health(status(as(people(who(are(temporarily(unwell.27(Their(response(under(the(social(model(was(to(separate(their(impairment(status(from(their(health(status,(which(meant(that(society(could(regard(them(as(employable(if(environmental(and(other(barriers(were(removed,(and(appropriate(support(was(provided.(It(also(meant(that(as(contributing(citizens,(they(could(experience(periods(of(sickness,(related(or(unrelated(to(their(impairments,(which(could(fit(neatly(into(the(sick(role.((The(second(group(are(‘sick(people’(who(are(not(acutely(unwell,(nor(define(themselves(as(disabled(people(in(the(way(the(first(group(does,(but(perceive(themselves(as(‘longNterm(sick’,(and(permanently(‘unfit(for(work’.(This(group(is(not(only(a(challenge(to(the(‘sick(role’(but(also(a(challenge(to(the(provision(of(welfare,(and(were(the(target(of(the(welfare(cuts(proposed(under(the(Welfare(Reform(Act(2012(in(terms(of(Employment(and(Support(Allowance((ESA),(and(the(replacement(to(Disability(Living(Allowance,(Personal(Independence(Payment.((The(government’s(stance(has(been(that(in(line(with(the(improvements(to(society(as(provided(by(the(implementation(of(the(social(model(and(the(greater(range(of(employment(opportunities(created(by(technological(advances,(it(was(now(time(to(review(their(economic(definitions(of(disability(in(terms(of(additional(living(costs,(and(being(fit(for(paid(employment,(so(that(the(finite(resources(in(the(long(term(can(be(better(spent(on(disabled(people(‘who(need(the(support(the(most’.(The(coalition(government(also(made(a(promise(‘to(support(disabled(people(who(were(unable(to(work’(as(well(as(supporting(those(who(can(work(to(‘end(their(dependency(on(benefits’.28((This(stance(has(certainly(been(unwelcomed(by(the(newly(created(‘sick(movement’(as(they(regard(it(as(a(direct(attack(upon(themselves.(This(can(be(seen(by(the(reports(written(by(Dr(Sarah(Campbell29(on(behalf(of(the(Spartacus(Network.(Sarah(and(her(network(members,(and(with(many(other(blogs(written(by(sick(movement(activists,(suggest(that(sick(people(generally(‘want(to(work’(but(that(their(chronic(illnesses(makes(it(almost(impossible(for(sick(people(to(work,(in(a(manner(they(claim(disabled(people(can(not(understand.30(

(The(sick(movement’s(challenge(to(the(sick(role(raises(a(number(of(questions.(The(first(of(these(is(what(is(the(difference(between(an(illness(and(an(impairment?(Where(does(the(line(between(illness(and(impairment(lie?(and(whether(indeed(they(are(different(or(the(same(identity(identification?(Since(the(labels(of(sickness(and(disability(are(often(dictated(by(the(idea(of(selfNdefinition,(as(opposed(to(any(formal(assessment(process,(it(is(difficult(to(manage(the(understanding(of(the(terms.((The(next(question(to(ask(is(how(to(resolve(the(fact(the(sick(movement(appears(to(wish(to(portray(their(impairments(as(being(‘unfit(for(work’,(when(this(directly(conflicts(with(the(traditional(disabled(people’s(movement(desire(to(pursue(employment(opportunities(as(‘healthy(persons’(in(line(with(the(social(model.(The(‘antiNcuts’(campaigning(since(May(2010(has(consistently(portrayed(both(sick(and(disabled(people(as(‘the(vulnerable’(and(questioned(the(morality(of(finding(sick(or(disabled(people(‘fit(for(work’,(which(this(paper(will(discuss(further31.(((The(provision(of(stateNfunded(support(for(people(who(are(temporarily(unable(to(work,(or(unable(to(maintain(a(living(wage(without(assistance,(is(essential(part(of(a(civilised(society,(and(this(paper(does(not(challenge(this.((However,(the(lives(of(sick(and(disabled(people(can(not(be(framed(solely(in(terms(of(welfare,(and(the(media(portrayal(of(disabled(people(by(the(antiNcuts(movement(remains(unhelpful.(!(Understanding(Inclusion((In(the(context(of(the(paper,(Inclusion32(can(be(defined(as(the(pursuit(of(being(equal(participation(for(all(disabled(people(within(society(as(active(contributing(citizens,(and(it(is(often(also(referred(to(as(‘independent(living’.(The(framing(of(disabled(people(in(terms(of(inclusion(puts(their(political(pursues(as(a(social(movement(on(the(same(level(as(other(social(movements(that(have(struggled(for(equality(such(as(feminism,(ethnic(minorities(and(the(LGBTQ(community.((This(is(in(line(with(the(social(model(and(it(is(a(significant(difference(to(the(medical(model(pursuit(to(solve(the(issues(of(disabled(people(through(medical(intervention(and(medical(research.((To(clarify(what(disabled(people(require(to(be(fully(included(in(society,(the(independent(living(movement(came(up(with(7(needs(to(achieve(inclusion,(which(Spectrum(CIL(expanded(to(the(12(needs33(shown(belowe((•( Full(Access(to(our(environment.(•( A(fully(accessible(Transport(system.(•( Technical(Aids(–(Equipment(•( Accessible/adapted(Housing(•( Personal(Assistance(•( Inclusive(Education(and(Training(•( An(adequate(Income(•( Equal(opportunities(for(Employment(•( Appropriate(and(accessible(Information(

•( Advocacy((towards(selfNadvocacy)(•( Counselling(•( Appropriate(and(Accessible(Health(Care(Provision((It(can(be(argued(that(‘an(adequate(income’(relates(to(the(provision(of(welfare(benefits,(which(here(is(framed(as(just(1(of(12(needs(as(opposed(to(the(sole(issue(being(framed(by(the(‘sick(movement’(and(antiNcuts(campaigners.(This(means(that(while(before(May(2010,(the(campaigning(and(activism(by(disabled(people(could(be(seen(as(being(spread(mostly(equally(across(all(the(12(needs,(it(can(be(seen(that(after(this(point,(the(issue(of(an(adequate(income(has(taken(overwhelming(priority(as(a(response(to(the(government’s(welfare(reforms.((While(activists(within(the(sick(movement(and(others(have(suggested(that(the(current(focus(on(welfare(issues(is(essential(to(avoid(the(mayhem(the(welfare(reforms(will(cause,(this(paper(would(like(to(suggest(that(the(focus(and(the(campaigning(tactics(used,(is(compromising(the(progress(of(the(overall(inclusion(of(all(disabled(people,(and(even(working(against(the(best(interests(of(inclusion,(particularly(in(terms(of(how(disabled(people(have(been(portrayed(in(the(media34.(((The(stakeholders((In(examining(the(political(battles(between(welfare(and(inclusion,(it(is(important(to(establish(who(the(stakeholders(are(on(both(sides(of(the(debate.(The(paper(is(only(interested(in(stakeholders(in(terms(of(the(activism(and(campaigning(of(sick(and(disabled(people,(their(organisations,(and(organisations(that(purport(to(support(sick(and(disabled(people,(even(if(they(are(not(run(by(disabled(people.((The(paper(is(not(interested(in(the(viewpoint(of(the(government(or(relevant(organisations,(but(fully(acknowledge(the(impact(their(actions(have(provided(in(framing(the(discussions(and(activism(tactics(used.(The(paper(is(also(not(interested(in(what(the(media(has(to(say(on(the(issues,(except(in(terms(of(media(produced(by(stakeholders(to(portray(their(viewpoint(and(campaigns.(One(exception(to(this(is(the(work(of(John(Pring,(a(journalist(who(runs(‘Disability(News(Service’35,(who(has(given(a(voice(to(many(sick(and(disabled(activists(and(campaigners(in(an(unique(manner(as(compared(to(any(other(journalist.(Pring(is(also(a(campaigner(in(his(own(right(and(he(has(pursued(the(Department(for(Work(and(Pension(in(relation(to(what(he(claims(are(‘benefit(related(deaths’.((The(primarily(stakeholders(in(the(political(battle(has(to(be(sick(and(disabled(people,(as(well(as(those(their(care(about(including(family(members(and(those(who(identify(themselves(as(‘carers’.(It(could(be(argued(or(understood(the(many(sick(and(disabled(people(are(absolutely(unaware(of(the(political(battles(between(welfare(and(inclusion(activists(being(fought(‘on(their(behalf’,(and(could(be(seen(as(the(pawns(within(the(campaigning(from(both(sides.(It(is(important(that(the(wellbeing(of(all(sick(and(disabled(people(is(respected(and(supported(by(everyone(involved(in(campaigning(activities,(and(it(could(be(suggested(that(some(of(the(claims(being(made(by(activists(is(causing(unnecessary(stress(and(distress(amongst(many(sick(and(disabled(people.((

The(next(level(of(stakeholders(in(relation(to(this(paper(are(the(four(organisations(already(discussede(DPAC,(Black(Triangle,(Spartacus(Network(and(WOW(Petition.(These(are(the(core(organisations(that(can(be(seen(as(framing(disabled(people(as(a(welfare(issue,(even(if(they(do(not(see(themselves(as(doing(this.(DPAC(would(specifically(see(itself(as(promoting(the(principles(of(inclusion(although(as(the(paper(will(discuss(further,(their(methods(could(suggest(otherwise.(Frustratingly,(there(does(not(appear(to(be(any(similarly(constituted(organisations,(in(terms(of(the(level(of(direct(activism,(that(are(campaigning(and(framing(disability(as(an(inclusion(issue.(This(lack(of(a(voice(further(provides(welfare(based(activists(a(moral(authority(to(portray(themselves(as(the(voice(of(all(sick(and(disabled(people,(portraying(anyone(who(disagrees(with(them(as(outcasts(of(their(‘sick(and(disabled(people’(social(movement.36((The(next(level(of(stakeholders(is(the(national(and(local(formally(constituted(Disabled(People’s(User(Led(Organisations,(currently(headed(by(Disability(Rights(UK,(who(have(been(created(as(a(part(of(the(traditional(disabled(people’s(and(independent(living(movements.(These(organisations(have(historically(framed(themselves(in(terms(of(inclusion,(although(since(May(2010,(many(of(them(have(appeared(to(be(increasingly(pandering(to(the(welfare(agenda(to(varying(degrees,(despite(being(mostly(funded(by(local(and(national(government(to(deliver(projects(and(services.(((The(final(level(of(stakeholders,(in(terms(of(this(paper,(are(the(national(disability(charities(that(are(mostly(led(by(nonNdisabled(people,(and(includes(Scope,(Leonard(Cheshire(Disability,(Mencap,(RNIB(and(Action(on(Hearing.(These(assetNrich(organisations(have(existed(for(many(years,(and(they(were(born(out(of(the(need(and(wants(of(the(parents(of(disabled(people(within(an(era(where(the(medical(model(was(supreme(and(disabled(people(lacked(their(own(voice.(This(context(led(many(of(them(to(deliver(institutional(educational(and(residential(services(to(suit(a(need(of(their(time,(which(they(mostly(acknowledge(are(now(undesirable.(These(charities(would(all(now(claim(their(work(is(defined(within(the(realms(of(the(social(model,(and(that(they(support(the(principles(of(inclusion,(although(their(requirement(to(survive(for(the(benefit(of(their(large(workforces,(including(their(highly(paid(directors,(would(suggest(they(would(do(whatever(was(required(to(stay(in(business.(While(their(campaigning(has(been(softer(than(other(stakeholders,(they(have(played(a(part(in(framing(disability(in(terms(of(welfare.37(((The(battleground((At(this(stage,(it(is(important(to(clarify(the(battle(lines(between(those(who(frame(disability(as(a(welfare(issue,(and(those(who(frame(it(as(an(inclusion(issue.(The(inclusion(agenda,(in(the(context(of(this(paper,(is(an(older(concept(that(goes(back(until(the(1970s,(and(has(stronger(roots(within(disability(related(activism,(although(since(May(2010,(it(has(appeared(to(have(lost(its(voice(and(therefore(popularity(amongst(sick(and(disabled(activists,(although(its(ideology(has(so(far(not(been(directly(challenged.((The(foundations(of(inclusion(is(based(within(the(social(model,(and(defines(disability(as(a(social(construction(that(can(be(removed(by(changing(various(aspects(of(society.(Under(the(guise(of(independent(living,(inclusion(activists(have(come(up(with(12(

needs(disabled(people(specifically(require(to(be(fully(included(within(society(as(fully(contributing(citizens.(The(concept(of(inclusion(so(far(only(deals(with(the(functionality(of(impairment(that(can(be(managed(externally,(through(changes(within(society,(and(does(not(offer(any(understanding(or(solutions(to(the(emotions(and(experiences(associated(directly(with(having(an(impairment.38((The(welfare(ideology(is(based(within(the(medical(model(although(activists(are(likely(to(distance(themselves(from(stating(this(because(of(a(desire(to(be(seen(using(the(social(model,(and(perhaps(a(lack(of(awareness(of(the(impact(of(their(thinking.(In(terms(of(this(paper,(acknowledging(the(roots(of(welfare(thinking(that(stems(back(to(the(Victorian(Era,(as(a(vocal(form(of(activism(demanded(by(sick(and(disabled(people(themselves,(it(is(a(recent(development(that(can(be(traced(back(as(a(direct(response(to(the(coalition(government’s(welfare(reforms.((The(welfare(ideology(suggests(that(while(some(sick(and(disabled(people(can(work(with(the(right(support,(many(can(not(because(they(are(too(sick(or(impaired(to(work,(mirroring(the(medical(model’s(assumption(the(biological(inevitability.(This(means(they(believe(that(sick(and(disabled(people(should(not(be(forced(into(work,(unless(they(wish(to(work,(and(should(be(supported(with(welfare(payments(for(as(long(as(required.39((It(is(important(to(understand(that(many(welfare(activists,(in(the(area(of(sickness(and(disability,(oppose(the(notion(of(repeated(assessments(for(ESA(and(PIP.(They(argue(that(‘endless(reassessments’(are(too(stressful,(and(are(wasteful(as(‘our(impairments(do(not(improve’.40(This(seems(to(suggest(that(they(regard(the(ability(to(work(as(being(based(on(someone’s(impairment(label(as(opposed(to(someone’s(unique(level(of(ability(and(fitness,(which(can(change(over(time.(While(activists(and(their(media(hint(at(label(based(assumptions(on(who(is(or(is(not(‘fit(for(work’,(there(is(no(evidence(of(any(kind(of(fit/unfit(list(based(upon(impairment(labels(being(proclaimed(by(any(activist.(Any(sick(or(disabled(person(who(fails(to(fit(into(their(notions(of(who(can(and(can(not(work,(by(working(with(what(they(often(call(‘a(profound(impairment’,(such(as(Stephen(Hawkins,(is(rationalised(by(stating(they(are(in(a(privileged(position(that(the(majority(of(sick(and(disabled(people(are(not.41((This(ideology(importantly(also(assumes(that(someone(who(is(longNterm(sick(or(has(an(impairment(is(in(a(static(situation,(where(no(improvement(is(possible(through(medical(or(social(intervention,(despite(the(reality(any(condition(is(likely(to(change(over(time(with(external(influences.(The(welfare(activists(seem(to(assume(that(the(end(goal(of(their(campaigning(is(the(provision(of(legally(deserved(welfare(payments,(and(that(these(payments(alone(will(enable(people(to(‘live(independently’42.(While(the(level(of(payments(provided(in(the(name(of(welfare(may(be(meaningful(for(people(with(minor(impairments,(people(with(higher(needs(require(a(lot(of(support(in(terms(of(their(social(care(provision(and(so(on,(and(the(welfare(payments(are(just(one(part(of(what(they(require(as(stated(by(the(12(needs.((If(unrestricted(welfare(payments(are(the(end(goal(for(campaigners(and(there(is(no(incentive(upon(the(individual(or(society(to(‘move(forward’(in(terms(of(employment(or(other(inclusion(related(opportunities,(then(this(could(be(considered(as(social(warehousing(that(is(in(direct(opposition(to(the(inclusion(agenda.(More(worrying(is(because(the(welfare(payments(are(framed(in(terms(of(the(duty(of(a(‘compassionate(

and(fair’(society43,(it(may(have(grave(concerns(if(the(political(climate(changes.(If(sick(and(disabled(people(are(denied(the(opportunity(to(be(framed(as(contributing(members(of(society,(they(can(only(but(be(seen(as(economic(burdens(as(a(price(a(compassionate(society(pays,(to(look(after(its(weak(and(vulnerable.(((If(that(good(faith(is(lost,(and(sick(and(disabled(people(economic(deficiency(as(a(welfare(issue(becomes(a(public(issue(in(terms(of(being(in(conflict(with(the(opportunities(of(the(mainstream(population,(then(it(may(lead(to(informal(or(formal(eugenic(solutions.(This(could(firstly(mean(that(families(may(experience(increasing(social(pressure(to(consider(the(abolition(of(abnormal(foetus(or(consider(the(premature(‘assisted(suicide’(of(loved(one(with(illnesses(or(impairments,(as(an(economic(decision(in(terms(of(their(own(personal(finances(or(the(cost(to(the(state.(Secondly,(if(there(was(a(significant(change(in(the(political(climate(where(economic(and(other(resources(were(very(limited,(such(as(an(energy(crisis,(there(may(be(formal(pressure(to(restrict(the(lives(of(sick(and(disabled(people,(where(their(perceived(lack(of(contribution(within(society(could(put(their(lives(in(jeopardy.((This(eugenics(prediction(may(appear(to(be(far(fetched,(but(if(the(welfare(framing(of(sick(and(disabled(people(is(permitted(to(grow(unchallenged,(and(disabled(people(place(in(society(is(simply(regarded(as(a(matter(of(good(faith,(even(if(that(good(faith(is(currently(enshrined(in(law,(that(the(meaningful(inclusion(of(disabled(people(could(be(significantly(compromised(if(society(becomes(less(compassionate.((While(it(could(be(argued(that(the(welfare(and(inclusion(ideology(could(exist(in(parallel(and(even(compliment(each(other,(there(is(a(number(of(messages(both(side(use,(that(compromises(the(arguments(of(the(other(side,(as(well(as(causing(frustration.(In(terms(of(the(inclusion(movement’s(messages(impact(on(the(welfare(agenda,(there(is(concern(at(notion(all(disabled(people’s(barriers(are(external(to(them,(and(can(be(overcome(by(changing(society,(and(that(this(is(the(central(reason(that(many(sick(and(disabled(people(can(not(currently(work.((The(welfare(activists’(initial(response(to(this(is(to(specifically(separate(sickness(from(impairment,(stating(that(while(people(with(impairments(could(indeed(work(in(line(with(the(social(model,(people(who(are(longNterm(sick(are(too(ill(to(work.(While(no(one(is(disputing(the(fact(people(with(acute(illnesses(are(temporarily(unable(to(work,(as(specified(by(the(sick(role,(it(is(difficult(to(fully(understand(the(difference(between(sickness(or(impairment(despite(some(attempts(to(explain.44((The(welfare(agenda’s(messages(impact(upon(the(inclusion(agenda(appears(to(be(more(of(a(direct(attack(in(terms(of(what(they(refer(to(as(‘poverty(porn’45.(As(well(as(framing(sick(and(disabled(people(as(dependent(on(the(state(and(deserving(of(rights(based(welfare(payments,(welfare(activists(appear(to(accuse(those(who(support(the(idea(of(disabled(people(having(the(ability(to(be(found(fit(for(work(as(promoting(a(negative(rhetoric(towards(them.((The(concept(behind(‘poverty(porn’(is(a(belief(or(rather(presumption(the(government(and(the(media(is(portraying(people(on(benefits(including(sick(and(disabled(people(as(‘benefit(scroungers’46.(The(concept(particularly(presumes(sick(people(are(portrayed(as(malingers,(and(that(any(efforts(to(get(sick(and(disabled(people(into(work,(by(

celebrating(the(achievements(of(sick(and(disabled(people,(is(regarded(as(‘inspirational(porn’(and(something(to(be(frowned(upon47.((The(activists’(intention(appears(to(be(to(frame(sick(and(disabled(people(as(‘the(vulnerable’(who(require(state(protection(as(people(actually(unable(to(seek(employment(opportunities(in(the(long(term,(and(to(regard,(any(actions(that(challenge(their(welfare(viewpoint(as(immoral(and(even(criminal,(suggesting(that(the(welfare(reforms(has(seen(a(rise(in(hate(crime(towards(sick(and(disabled(people,(despite(evidence(suggesting(otherwise.48(The(accusation(of(hate(crimes(often(ignore(the(normal(interactions(sick(and(disabled(people(can(have(as(equal(members(of(society,(especially(they(have(an(initial(‘attitude’(towards(people,(demanding(respect(that(has(not(been(earned(or(lost(by(their(own(actions.((Therefore(it(could(be(argued(that(the(welfare’s(activists(challenge(to(what(they(frame(as’(poverty(porn’(is(in(fact(a(direct(challenge(to(the(principals(of(inclusion,(as(it(is(suggesting(that(any(attempt(to(support(sick(and(disabled(people(into(work,(and(therefore(including(them(into(society,(is(potentially(immoral(and(in(breach(of(their(human(rights49.(This(has(been(taken(to(its(extreme(by(welfare(based(activists(like(John(Pring,(who(suggest(that(finding(people(with(some(impairments(fit(for(work,(as(well(as(the(DWP(sanctioning(regime,(in(a(manner(he(feels(breaches(the(notion(of(deserved(welfare,(has(contributed(to(some(sick(and(disabled(people(deaths,(in(the(form(of(stressed(induced(suicides50.((The(message(John(and(others(are(appearing(to(suggest(is(that(the(inclusion(of(sick(and(disabled(people(can(be(too(stressful(for(some(people(and(therefore(activities(that(promote(inclusion(should(be(curbed(in(general.(While(any(change(someone(experience(in(their(lives,(especially(unplanned(change,(can(result(in(a(varying(amount(of(stress(to(occur,(depending(on(the(situation,(it(is(important(that(the(individual(is(properly(supported(to(manage(and(overcome(their(stress,(rather(than(being(automatically(prohibited(from(performing(the(activity.(It(could(be(further(argued(that(stress(is(a(product(of(risk(taking(and(that(risk(taking(is(an(essential(part(of(what(makes(us(human.((A(reoccurring(tactic(that(welfare(activists(use(to(explain(their(viewpoint(to(a(nonNdisabled(people(about(their(need(to(retain(welfare(benefits(is(to(suggest(that(‘it(could(be(you’51.(By(this(they(mean(that(anyone(could(become(sick(or(impaired(at(any(time,(maybe(without(warning,(and(that(everyone(therefore(has(a(personal(vested(interest(in(retaining(welfare(payments,(as(they(portray(them(as(the(sole(mechanism(of(support.((This(remark(interestingly(feeds(on(nonNimpaired(and(healthy(people’s(fears(and(negative(perspectives(of(having(a(sickness(or(impairment.(Since(this(is(often(framed(in(terms(of(the(medical(model(and(a(deep(rooted(lack(of(understanding(and(fear(of(sickness(and(impairment,(which(can(often(be(regarded(as(worse(than(death(itself,(it(can(generate(a(level(of(pity(and(disingenuous(compassion(that(can(trigger(unwavering(support(for(the(welfare(agenda(that(is(greater(than(any(political(correct(support(for(the(inclusion(agenda(that(could(be(generated.((In(understanding(the(social(model,(sickness(and(impairment(can(be(framed(as(a(biological(difference,(acknowledging(the(emotional(journey(of(change(comparable(to(

any(change,(and(therefore(with(the(right(kind(and(level(of(support(as(shown(in(the(12(needs,(the(life(experiences(and(opportunities(of(sick(and(disabled(people(should(be(similar(to(nonNdisabled(healthy(people.(In(this(context,(the(remark(of(‘it(could(be(you’(would(have(no(meaning(as(having(an(impairment(would(not(cause(any(negative(change.((The(battleground(between(the(welfare(agenda(and(inclusion(agenda(is(complex(in(terms(of(recognising,(acknowledging(and(understanding(the(various(viewpoints.(Many(disabled(activists(may(regard(their(own(viewpoint(on(the(issues(as(the(majority(viewpoint(amongst(all(disabled(people,(as(they(understand(this(to(mean,(because(they(are(unaware(of(other(viewpoints.(They(will(also(only(often(understand(their(own(impairment(experience,(as(oppose(to(anyone(else’s,(and(therefore(frame(the(totality(of(all(disabled(people’s(experience(in(terms(of(their(own.(((The(metaphor(of(everyone(proclaiming(their(own(island(to(be(the(whole(world,(when(it(is(merely(one(of(thousands(of(islands,(often(causes(confusion,(misunderstanding(and(infighting(between(sick(and(disabled(people.(This(inability(to(see(and(understand(other(viewpoints(through(direct(personal(experience(can(be(seen(as(the(greatest(hurdle(in(reaching(any(mutual(understanding(between(the(welfare(and(inclusion(agendas,(especially(when(the(issues(can(be(so(passionate(for(everyone(involved.((Room(for(compromise?((As(previously(discussed(in(the(paper,(and(by(commentators(like(Neil(Crowther,(there(appears(to(be(no(central(reason(to(why(the(welfare(agenda(and(the(inclusion(agenda(can(not(work(together(or(been(combined(into(a(single(agenda52,(especially(as(the(inclusion(inspired(’12(needs(of(disabled(people’(states(that(‘an(adequate(income’,(which(could(be(supplied(through(welfare(payments(for(people(unable(to(earn(a(living(wage(unassisted.(However,(to(reach(a(compromised(understanding,(the(different(interpretation(of(key(concepts(from(both(agendas(need(to(be(explored(in(more(detail.((The(first(concept(to(reach(a(common(understanding(upon(is(the(definition(of(Employment,(and(what(is(meant(by(being(fit(for(work.(The(welfare(activists(appear(to(see(employment(in(terms(of(being(unable(to(work(a(full(week(and(earn(a(liveable(wage(without(outside(assistance,(focusing(on(the(monetary(side(of(employment,(as(opposed(to(functional(ability(to(perform(activities.(They(argue(that(someone’s(ability(to(work(should(not(be(the(only(way(someone’s(ability(to(contribute(to(society(is(measured.((The(principles(of(inclusion(would(not(disagree(with(this(statement,(but(it(would(suggest(that(more(sick(and(disabled(people(can(functionally(work(in(the(wider(definition(of(the(term,(and(that(the(way(many(sick(and(disabled(people(can(get(paid(for(the(work(they(are(able(to(do(is(another(matter(to(consider.(Some(welfare(activists(and(organisations(like(‘New(Approach’53(assume(the(productivity(of(sick(and(disabled(people(has(to(be(lower(than(their(nonNdisabled(peers,(similar(to(the(comment(make(by(Lord(Freud(on(being(able(to(pay(disabled(people(below(the(minimum(wage54,(it(could(be(argued(with(due(to(improvements(in(technology(and(other(areas,(sick(and(disabled(people(can(now(adapt(their(working(environment,(including(working(from(home,(to(provide(outputs(to(an(equal(standard(to(their(nonNdisabled(colleagues.((

As(opposed(to(seeing(employment(in(terms(of(a(postNindustrial(factory,(where(individual(employees(are(standard(units(of(measure(to(which(sick(and(disabled(people(fail(to(perform,(it(is(possible(to(define(employment(as(any(form(of(meaningful(contribution(someone(is(able(to(make(to(which(someone(may(be(provisionally(willing(to(pay(for.(This(would(therefore(clearly(widen(the(number(of(sick(and(disabled(people(who(can(work,(although(the(definition(does(not(provide(or(guarantee(the(ability(to(earn(a(liveable(wage(without(potential(assistance(from(the(state.((The(next(concept(to(reach(a(better(understanding(upon(between(the(welfare(and(inclusion(agendas(is(the(meaning(of(sickness(in(terms(of(the(difference(between(longNterm(sickness(and(longNterm(impairment.(The(sick(movement(appear(to(be(in(the(early(days(of(formally(theorising(the(idea(of(sickness(beyond(the(realms(of(the(social(model(of(disability55.(Their(thinking(appears(to(rely(upon(believing(‘straight(forward’(impairment(does(not(have(any(‘hidden’(components(or(personal(experiences,(as(someone(who(can’t(walk(just(can’t(walk.(They(therefore(define(someone(who(is(longNterm(sick(as(someone(who(experiences(hidden(components,(such(as(an(impact(on(their(energy(levels(or(have(experiences(of(pain.(The(reality(is(that(with(proper(understanding,(it(is(possible(to(see(every(impairment(has(having(a(hidden(side,(and(that(it(is(not(possible(to(split(sickness(and(impairment(in(the(way(they(propose.((What(is(more(likely(to(be(the(current(difference(between(people(with(define(themselves(as(long(term(sick,(and(those(who(define(themselves(as(long(term(impaired,(could(simply(be(how(they(personally(frame(themselves.(The(onset(of(any(impairment(or(sickness(usually(has(an(emotional(journey(similar(to(the(grieving(process,(as(defined(by(the(KüblerNRoss(model56,(in(terms(of(denial,(anger,(bargaining,(depression,(acceptance,(and(celebration57.(It(can(take(sick(and(disabled(people(days,(weeks,(months,(years(and(even(decades(to(travel(fully(through(this(journey,(and(reach(a(stage(where(they(are(fully(comfortable(with(their(sickness(or(impairment(status.(It(can(therefore(be(argued(the(how(someone(chooses(to(frame(themselves(may(depend(on(where(they(are(on(that(emotional(journey(and(how(much(they(value(their(deficiencies(over(their(abilities,(and(that(it(is(therefore(in(the(eye(of(the(beholder.((The(third(concept(for(both(agendas(to(discuss(is(the(notion(of(welfare.(While(both(the(welfare(and(inclusion(agendas(acknowledge(the(requirement(for(an(‘adequate(income’,(the(question(to(ask(is(what(terms(the(money(is(provided(upon.(The(welfare(agenda(seems(to(be(just(interested(in(the(fact(the(money(is(paid,(and(seems(comfortable(if(it(is(used(to(promote(passivity.(However,(as(discussed(by(Neil(Crowther58,(the(funding(used(for(welfare,(as(the(same(as(social(care,(could(be(used(to(build(disabled(people(ability(to(be(contributing(‘assets’(to(society,(and(therefore(critical(change(the(goals(of(welfare(from(‘warehousing’(the(vulnerable(to(providing(funding(to(support(their(meaningful(inclusion(within(society.((For(both(sides(to(reach(a(new(understanding(on(the(notion(of(welfare,(it(is(important(there(is(further(discussion(and(understanding(of(the(meaningful(contribution(sick(and(disabled(people(can(make,(while(needing(to(recognise(the(protection(required(for(those(who(are(unable(to(sustain(a(liveable(wage(without(state(assistance.(This(meetings(of(the(minds(would(balance(the(collectivism(ideology(of(the(welfare(agenda,(with(the(often(individualism(ideology(of(the(inclusion(agenda.((

(The(final(and(most(difficult(issue(to(reach(a(compromise(on(from(the(welfare(and(inclusion(agendas(is(their(perceived(and(actual(goals(in(terms(of(sick(and(disabled(people.(Since(the(welfare(agenda(often(frames(sickness(and(disability(in(terms(of(the(medical(model,(the(priority(in(terms(of(the(provision(of(welfare(payments(seems(to(be(in(terms(of(protection(and(security(of(people(assumed(to(be(‘vulnerable(members(of(society’.(It(appears(that(once(this(goal(has(been(raised,(there(are(no(further(goals(and(therefore(sick(and(disabled(people(are(left(in(permanent(limbo(and(indefinitely(excluded(from(being(members(of(mainstream(society,(for(their(own(benefit.((This(is(in(direct(contradiction(with(the(goals(of(the(inclusion(agenda,(which(sees(welfare(payments(as(just(one(of(12(needs(sick(and(disabled(people(have,(which(together(can(support(them(to(be(included(into(society(as(contributing(citizens.(This(means(that(the(passive(goals(of(the(welfare(agenda(are(replaced(with(proactive(goals(that(frames(sick(and(disabled(people(in(terms(of(the(social(model.(To(reach(an(understanding(and(agreement(in(terms(of(a(compromise(set(of(goals(would(require(an(extensive(dialogue(between(all(the(interested(activists(involved(to(properly(understand(each(other’s(viewpoints(and(understanding(of(the(issues(involved.((In(all(the(issues(to(be(resolved(within(this(section,(the(overNriding(difficulty(in(reaching(a(compromise(is(the(entrenched(viewpoints(sick(and(disabled(activists(may(have(in(terms(of(the(own(personal(experiences,(and(natural(inability(to(see(other(viewpoints.(This(has(remained(a(problem(since(the(dawn(of(time,(and(could(be(seen(as(the(reason(actual(wars(are(been(caused.(Therefore,(it(is(likely(to(take(a(lot(of(time,(effort,(patience(and(understanding(from(sick(and(disabled(activists(from(both(the(welfare(and(inclusion(agenda(to(come(together(to(reach(a(final(and(conclusive(understanding(of(the(matter.(((Conclusions((The(aim(of(this(paper(has(been(to(describe(the(political(battles(between(the(welfare(and(inclusion(agendas,(and(their(relevant(activists.(It(is(a(battle(that(can(be(clearly(seen(to(have(began(in(the(UK(in(May(2010,(when(the(Conservative(and(Liberal(Democrat(Coalition(came(to(power,(with(the(aim(to(implement(reforms(to(the(welfare(state(that(would(directly(affect(many(sick(and(disabled(people,(particularly(those(who(are(perceived(to(have(a(lesser(degree(of(impairment(in(terms(of(the(resources(they(may(require.((This(political(battle(can(be(seen(to(be(complex(and(it(is(important(to(understand(that(the(majority(of(the(population(will(be(unaware(of(it,(assuming(the(majority(of(disabled(people,(and(those(who(purport(to(represent(them,(are(in(opposition(to(the(welfare(reforms,(as(sick(and(disabled(people(are(portrayed(in(the(mainstream(media(as(vulnerable(members(of(society.((The(welfare(reforms(have(increased(the(politicisation(of(sick(people(specifically,(and(as(they(have(identified(themselves(as(a(part(of(the(wider(disability(movement,(as(other(groups(have(done(in(the(past,(their(lack(of(awareness(of(the(history(of(the(social(model,(has(led(them(to(challenge(other(disabled(people(to(accept(their(newly(formed(welfare(based(thinking(and(demands.((

(Since(the(new(ideology(is(in(direct(conflict(with(the(social(model(and(the(principles(of(inclusion,(it(has(caused(great(friction(between(those(who(support(inclusion,(and(the(new(sick(movement.(However,(as(the(social(model(and(the(principles(of(inclusion(have(already(been(embedded(in(social(and(public(policy,(those(who(support(inclusion(have(not(been(vocal(in(recent(times.(This(has(left(the(sick(movement(with(a(free(hand(to(be(the(vocal(voice(of(all(sick(and(disabled(people(within(the(public(and(political(space.(This(has(allowed(them(to(assume(they(are(mostly(unchallenged,(as(they(regard(anyone(who(disagrees(with(their(‘facts’,(as(outcasts(who(may(be(subjected(to(bullying(on(social(media.59((The(way(to(resolve(this(political(battle(should(be(extensive(dialogue(to(reach(a(better(understanding(on(both(sides,(and(to(come(up(with(a(combined(ideology(and(lexicon(that(can(ensure(the(social(protection(and(inclusion(of(all(sick(and(disabled(people.(It(may(be(far(easier(to(say(than(do(because(of(how(ingrained(the(opposing(belief(systems(are(for(those(who(are(passionate(advocates(on(both(sides.(Activists(on(both(sides(may(see(this(as(a(‘life(or(death’(situation(to(which(the(other(side(is(compromising.(Many(of(the(arguments(between(welfare(and(inclusion(activists(occur(on(Twitter,(and(it(is(not(helped(by(the(140(character(limit,(which(causes(very(complex(ideas(on(often(subtle(issues(to(be(reduced(to(blunt(statements(that(causes(frustration(for(everyone(involved.((To(conclude(this(paper,(it(is(worth(mentioning(that(as(May(2015(saw(a(purely(Conservative(Government(come(to(power,(this(is(seen(early(indications(of(shifts(in(how(some(sick(and(disabled(activists(wish(to(organise(themselves.(There(is(an(early(call(for(an(‘Union(of(Disabled(People’60,(which(appears(to(distance(itself(from(the(welfare(based(campaigning(of(the(last(5(years,(although(it(is(currently(unclear(if(it(will(align(itself(to(the(principles(of(inclusion,(and(the(impact(on(the(debate(this(would(have.(((( (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((1(http://diaryofabenefitscrounger.blogspot.co.uk((2(https://kittysjones.wordpress.com/2013/03/11/welfareNwrongsNandNhumanNrightsNaNsummary/((3(http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/node/21751((4(http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Union_of_the_Physically_Impaired_Against_Segregation((5(http://disabilityNstudies.leeds.ac.uk/files/library/finkelsteinNUPIASNPrinciplesN2.pdf((6(https://makingrightsmakesense.wordpress.com/2014/08/31/itsNlikeNdeNjaNvuNallNoverNagain/((7(http://www.un.org/disabilities/default.asp?id=150((8(https://arbitraryc.wordpress.com/2012/12/04/dpuloNrepresentingNtheNvoiceNofNdisabledNpeopleNlocallyNoverview/((9(http://dpac.uk.net((10(http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Independent_Living_Fund((11(http://blacktrianglecampaign.org((12(http://www.spartacusnetwork.org.uk((13(http://wowpetition.com((14(http://www.francescamartinez.com((15(http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2012/5/contents/enacted/data.htm((16(http://wowpetition.com/theNwowdebateNwillNbeNonNtheN27thNfebruaryNinNtheNmainNchamberNofNtheNhouseNofNcommons/((17(http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Social_model_of_disability((18(http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Disability_studies((19(http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/broughttolife/themes/treatments.aspx((20(http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/projects/gpNinquiry/managementNlongNtermNconditions((21(http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/en/article.php?ModuleId=10007683((22(http://limitedcapability.blogspot.co.uk/2015/01/sicknessNandNsocialNmodelNofNdisability.html((23(http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Welfare((24(http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Welfare_state_in_the_United_Kingdom((25(http://www.wikiwand.com/en/National_Assistance_Act_1948((26(http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Sick_role((27(http://meloukhia.net/2010/02/the_sick_role_and_perceptions_of_disability/((

((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((28(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r0gDbNCorxQ((29(http://www.ekklesia.co.uk/responsiblereformDLA((30(http://www.disabilitynow.org.uk/article/wcaNwhyNitsNfailingNpeople((31(http://anotherangryvoice.blogspot.co.uk/2013/09/psychologicalNtortureNwcaNatos.html((32(http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Inclusion_(disability_rights)((33(http://www.spectrumcil.co.uk/about/12NbasicNrights/((34(http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/08/cameronNdisabledNchampionNpaulaNpetersNcutsNmostNvulnerable((35(http://www.disabilitynewsservice.com((36(http://www.disabilitynewsservice.com/stevensNcomesNoutNfightingNinNbattleNwithNantiNcutsNactivists/((37(http://www.demos.co.uk/press_releases/destinationunknownapril2013((38(http://www.disabilitynow.org.uk/article/socialNmodelNvictimNcriticism((39(https://socialcareblog.wordpress.com/2010/05/28/welfareNreformNplansNworryNdisabilityNgroups/((40(http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jan/04/gpNatosNworkNcapabilityNassessment((41(https://lessonsfromthewarriorschair.wordpress.com/2013/08/04/onNtheNridiculousNsuggestionNthatNstephenNhawkingNexistsNthereforeNdisabilityNbenifitsNshouldnt/((42(http://diaryofabenefitscrounger.blogspot.co.uk/2012/09/whatNdlaNhasNmeantNtoNme.html((43(http://www.heraldscotland.com/comment/heraldNview/welfareNproposalsNwillNbringNfairnessNtoNsystem.24400506((44(http://limitedcapability.blogspot.co.uk/((45(http://www.disabilitynow.org.uk/article/doleNanimatorsNtakeNbattleNpovertyNpornNbrokers((46(http://www.theguardian.com/society/2012/aug/14/disabilityNhateNcrimeNbenefitNscroungerNabuse((47(http://davidgNflatout.blogspot.co.uk/2014/04/soNwhatsNwrongNwithNdisabilityNconfident.html((48(http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/jun/10/leeNirvingNmurderNdisabilityNhateNcrimeNincrease((49(http://www.disabilitynewsservice.com/maximusNwinsNwcaNcontract/((50(http://www.disabilitynewsservice.com/dwpNadmitsNinvestigatingN60NbenefitNrelatedNdeathsNsinceN2012/((51(http://www.inclusionlondon.co.uk/theNclosureNofNtheNindependentNlivingNfundNaffectsNeveryoneNinNtheNuk((52(https://makingrightsmakesense.wordpress.com/2014/11/25/leftNversusNrightNaNhobsonsNchoiceNforNdisabilityNrights/((53(http://newapproachuk.org((54(http://www.theguardian.com/politics/2014/oct/15/primeNministerNdavidNcameronNlordNfreudNapologiseNdisabledNpeopleNminimumNwage((55(http://limitedcapability.blogspot.co.uk/2015/01/sicknessNandNsocialNmodelNofNdisability.html((56(http://www.wikiwand.com/en/K%C3%BCblerNRoss_model((57(http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/simonNstevens/theNbarriersNtoNdisabledNpeoplesNhappiness_b_3912232.html((58(https://makingrightsmakesense.wordpress.com/2015/01/29/investNinNme/((59(http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/simonNstevens/disablismNamongstNdisable_b_5860440.html((60(http://www.latentexistence.me.uk/aNunionNorNwhateverNofNdisabledNpeople/((