political corruption in the gilded age

Political Corruption in the Gilded Age

Bell Work: Please respond to the scenario below in your notebook

A company wants a road fixed in front of their business because its terrible condition is costing them customers, but getting the repairs approved by the city and finding the money for the project could take years. There are many other roads that need to be fixed in the city. The mayor goes to the business owner and offers to fix the road immediately but only if the owner agrees to vote for him and to donate heavily to his campaign in the next election. Is there anything wrong with this arrangement? Why or why

not?

The Gilded Age: Pretty on top and rotten underneath

(Mark Twain)

Vocabulary

Political bosses political leaders who got people to vote for them by giving favors. They also made deals with contractors.

Political Machine: The ring of people who made deals and got votes for the political boss.

Graft: To get money or political power through illegal or dishonest methods.

Tammany Hall in New York Who is the political boss and what does he do to get votes? What work does the ‘political machine’ do to support the boss? What are 2 examples of “Graft” from the film?

Rise of the Political CartoonLate 1800s

Thomas Nast – artist Favorite Subject- William

Tweed (a.k.a. “Boss” Tweed)

"Stop them damned pictures. I don't care what the papers

write about me. My constituents can't read. But,

damn it, they can see pictures.”

–Boss Tweed

Boss Tweed. “As long as I count the Votes, what are you going to do about it?”

The Real “Boss Tweed” What office

did he hold? How would

you describe his actions in office?

How did the people who lived in New York react to Tweed’s actions?

What happens to Tweed?

Directions

Read the 4 quotes. Using the quotes and info from the clips create a list of

the Pros and Cons of the ‘Political Machine’ on the back of your worksheet.

Then answer the final question.

Exit Slip: Analyze with LIE

The Progressives

Bell Work

Discuss your answer to the “Final Question” (Wednesday’s assignment) with a partner: Final Question:

Do the benefits of the ‘Political Machine’ outweigh the costs? In other words should it be destroyed or left alone? Why destroy it or why leave it? Lastly, do you believe there is a ‘Political Machine’ today?

**after discussion you will hand in this worksheet

ABSENT? Check the absent box and find out what you missed…..

Vocabulary

Urbanization: The movement of people from the country to the city, caused by industrialization and created many problems.

Progressive Movement: Reform movement in the early 1900s that wanted to end the corruption in politics and business, better the lives of the poor, protect natural resources and improve American morality.

Theodore Roosevelt: US President from 1901-1909, believed that the President was a "steward of the people” and should take whatever action necessary for the public good unless expressly forbidden by law or the Constitution.

Progressive Movement Characteristics

Strongest from 1901-1916

Mostly middle class members Main goal is to change the relationship between

government and society, (they want government more involved)

Protect the rights of organized labor, women, blacks, and consumers in general.

Members were both Republicans and Democrats

Goal 1: End Government CorruptionDestroy the Political Machine by… Giving the people more power:

Initiative: Voters can introduce legislation by signing a petition, it is then put on the ballot for public approval

Referendum: Voters can force government to put a recently passed law onto the ballot for approval or a veto by the people

Recall: Allows voters to try and remove an elected official through a special election if enough people sign a petition

Creating rules for hiring: Merit System: Hire people for government positions based on skills

and abilities not the personal preferences of elected officials

Goal 2: End Business Corruption

Theodore Roosevelt campaigns for the Presidency on the “Square Deal” "Let the watchwords of all our people be the old familiar

watchwords of honesty, decency, fair-dealing, and commonsense."... "We must treat each man on his worth and merits as a man. We must see that each is given a square deal, because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less." The welfare of each of us is dependent fundamentally upon the welfare of all of us."

- New York State Fair, Syracuse, September 7, 1903

Goal 2: End Business Corruption

“We don’t wish to destroy corporations, but we do wish

to make them serve the public good.”

Roosevelt is elected 1904 Tells Attorney General

to sue a railroad shipping monopoly under 1890 Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Illegal to monopolize market 1904 Supreme Court

orders monopoly dissolved

Goal 2 Continued Roosevelt’s “Trust

Busting” Campaign 44 more lawsuits filed Size didn’t matter – Good

or Bad for public good “We draw the line against

misconduct, not against wealth”

Sword Says: Public Service

Goal 3: Protecting Natural Resources Complete destruction of the natural environment at

the time for profit

Goal 3: Protecting Natural Resources Roosevelt to the

rescue again: Creates 5 National

Parks Mesa Verde National

Park etc.

Antiquities Act 1906 President can create

National Monuments 18 during presidency

(Devils Tower etc)

Goal 4: Improve the lives of the Poor Describe the

living conditions in the tenements.

How did Jacob Riis try to combat poor living conditions?

How does Colonel George Waring affect the lives of all New Yorkers?

Teddy Roosevelt and ReformsTextbook and Worksheet Day

Bell Work The Progressive Movement pursued reforms in 5 Areas. We

discussed 4 Friday. Copy the graphic organizer below and use it to describe the goals and actions of the progressive movement as we discussed Friday. USE YOUR NOTES

TheProgressiv

e Movement

Directions

Quotes: We will read them together and discuss q’s #1-6 Rest of the hour for Terms

Terms: Use the textbook to answer #1-13 (dictionary, glossary, chp 19.) #12 should read: City manager form of government (p573): Add #13 = The Wisconsin Idea:

*Due Wednesday

Pure Food and Drug ActBad Medicine

Bad Food

Bell Work: What does this advertisement claim?

Is this a believable claim?Explain…

Could a company use this advertisement today?

[----------------------------------------------------------]

1850 2nd Industrial Revolution

Begins

1901-1909Theodore Roosevelt

is President

______

1904

SC Trust Bust

1872Boss

Tweed arrested

1906 Pure food and drug

Act,

Meat Inspection

Act,

192019th

Amendment

191316th /17th

amendment,Underwood Simmons Tariff, Federal Reserve

Act

1912Initiative,

Referendum Recall

1914FTC created,Clayton Anti

Trust Act

1903 Direct

Primary in WI

1910Secret Ballot

Late 1800s-1920s Progressive Movement


1917US

Enters WWI

1919Prohibition

____

____

____

Progressive Era Timeline

____

_____________ ____

Bad Medicine… Cure everything health tonics

Contained dangerous drugs – alcohol, morphine, cocaine

Secret Ingredient??? Cocaine…

“Gullible America will spend this year some seventy-five million dollars in the purchase of patent [over the counter] medicines… it will swallow huge quantities of alcohol, an appalling amount of opiate sand narcotics.”- 1904 Journalist Samuel Hopkins Adams

Vocabulary

Muckraker: Investigative journalists who wrote about corruption in business and politics, hoping to bring about reform

Pure Food and Drug Act: 1906 Law that stopped the manufacture, sale, or transportation of food and patented medicine containing harmful ingredients; also required food and medicine containers to carry ingredient labels.

Meat Inspection Act: 1906 Federal law that required government inspection of meat shipped across state lines.

Change in the food industry Local food production

to mass production of food

[----------------------------------------------------------]


Begins


is President

______

1904

SC Trust Bust

1872Boss

Tweed arrested


Act,

Meat Inspection

Act,

192019th

Amendment

191316th /17th


Act

1912Initiative,

Referendum Recall


Trust Act

1903 Direct

Primary in WI

1910Secret Ballot



1917US

Enters WWI

1919Prohibition

____

____

____

Bell Work: Please add the filled in boxes to your timeline and *HAND in the text assignment from Monday*

____

_____________ ____

191316th /17th


Act


Trust Act

Upton Sinclair “The Jungle”

Prepare to Discuss1.3 Examples of the experience of workers at the

slaughterhouse2.3 Examples of the level of quality of food being

produced3.2 Examples of the company’s interaction with

customers4.3 Examples of information you found to be the

most disturbing

Agenda

Hand back papers Change in Test Date* Discuss “Jungle”

Work time or begin “Modern Issues” Finish assignment that is due today or Test Corrections

that are due tomorrow

Quick Write

Using all we have learned in the past few weeks: Explain 5 reasons (total) why the public, Roosevelt,

and other government officials wanted to regulate trusts and the food and drug industries.

Modern Food Issues

Bell Work: please discuss this prompt with someone near you, you do not need to write anything down.

What problems have you heard of regarding the food we eat today?

Directions: is there anything wrong with this practice? Why or why not? How does it compare to the account in the Jungle?

ABC Newscast: 3/09/2102

Agenda

Correct Text Assignment Finish Food Inc.

#1-13 Controlling Trusts1. Sixteenth Amendment: Constitutional Amendment that allowed congress to collect an

income taxb) Slowed the mad rush for increased profits, the government would collect money from you and know

how much money you made. The public became aware of the money gap.

2. Seventeenth Amendment: Gave voters the power to directly elect senatorsb) Prior to the 17th amendment, senators were chosen by those elected to state government often

senators were chosen through the political machine. The 17th amendment gave more power to the people and removed an opportunity for corruption.

3. Pure Food and Drug Act: Stopped the manufacture, transportation, and sale of food or medicine that contained harmful ingredients and required ingredient labels

b) Allowed the federal government to investigate how companies made products and made sure they were safe. Kept business honest.

4. Hepburn Act: Gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to set railroad rates and regulate commerce that occurred across state lines.

b) Railroads can’t just set any price they want, the federal government can regulate and oversee business.

5. Nineteenth Amendment: Women get the right to voteb) Women at the time tended to support more laws that controlled business

6. Meat Inspection Act: Federal government can inspect meat sold across state linesb) Business has to sell clean food, the government is watching

7. Underwood-Simmons Tariff: decreased tariffs on certain imported goods and created a progressive income tax.

b) With tariffs decreased it eliminated special protection for certain industries, evening the playing field

#1-13 Controlling Trusts8. Federal Trade Commission: commission with the power to investigate

corporations and to try to keep them from conducting unfair practicesb) Gave the federal government a ‘watchdog’ over big business

9. Clayton Anti Trust Act: strengthened the Sherman-Anti Trust Actb) Increased power of federal government to break up trusts

10. Federal Reserve Act: created a national banking systemb) Strengthened government control over powerful banking interests

11. Direct Primaries: the people have the power to nominate candidates to run in a general election

b) The political machine can no longer choose a candidate to run

12. City Manager form of government: using special commissions of people who are experts in their field to deal with particular problems rather than putting party loyalists onto special committees

b) Removes the political machine from special projects so they can’t support special business interests.

13. The Wisconsin Idea: the belief that the people should be in control of government not special business interests and that government should regulate public utilities

b) Took more power away from the political machine and businesses that wanted to bribe politicians and gave it to the people

Food Inc. Watch

What issues does each segment show you about today’s food industry? Main Idea and Examples

Discuss The issues. Why do these issues exist? Solutions?

Write – The Jungle v. Food Inc. Although 100 years separate these two accounts, there are

striking similarities. However, there are also differences. In a well constructed paragraph, describe these differences and similarities between the account in the Jungle and the modern issues in the food industry.

In your opinion should the issues of the modern food industry shown in these 5 segments be solved? How? Why or why not?

Social Reform

[----------------------------------------------------------]


Begins


is President

1890Jacob Riis and photos of poor

1904

SC Trust Bust

1872Boss

Tweed arrested


Act,

Meat Inspection

Act,

192019th

Amendment

191316th /17th


Act

1912Initiative,

Referendum Recall


Trust Act

1903 Direct

Primary in WI

1910Secret Ballot



1917US

Enters WWI

1919Prohibition

____

____

____

_____________ ____

191316th /17th


Act


Trust Act

Bell Work: Please add the filled in boxes to your timeline

Discuss with someone near you… Have you ever had someone tell you that you needed

to change something about yourself? For example how you look, or act, or your values? How did this make you feel? Were you thankful or offended?

The Unfinished Nation: The Progressive Era

Based on this video, how do you think immigrants at the turn of the century viewed social reformers like Jane Addams? http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/

2896D817-E30F-4BAF-81BA-E1715908509F

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/2896D817-E30F-4BAF-81BA-E1715908509F

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/2896D817-E30F-4BAF-81BA-E1715908509F

Rd. pages 503-5041. What was the Social Gospel movement?

2. How did Settlement Houses reflect the ideas of the Social Gospel movement?

3. Describe the people who worked in Settlement Houses

Activity: What were the attitudes of Progressive social reformers towards immigrants?

Split: Groups of 4 people and then Teams A and B: Team A: Argue that progressive social reformers were generous

and helpful. Team B: Argue that Progressive social reformers were

condescending and judgmental.

DIRECTIONS: 30 minutes With your teammate, read the documents. Find three

pieces of evidence which support your side. 10 minutes Team A presents. BOTH PARTNERS MUST PRESENT!!!

Team B writes down Team A’s arguments and then repeats them back to Team A.

10 minutes Team B presents. BOTH PARTNERS MUST PRESENT!!! Team A write down arguments of Team B and then repeats them

back to Team B. 10 minutes Everyone CAN ABANDON their positions. Group of 4

attempts to develop a consensus.

Election ChangesEnding corruption

Women’s Suffrage

[----------------------------------------------------------]


Begins


is President

1890Jacob Riis and photos of poor

1904

SC Trust Bust

1872Boss

Tweed arrested


Act, Meat

Inspection Act,

Hepburn Act

192019th

Amendment

191316th /17th


Act

1912Initiative,

Referendum Recall


Trust Act

1903 Direct

Primary in WI

1910Secret Ballot



1917US

Enters WWI

1919Prohibition

Bell Work: Please add the filled in boxes to your timeline

Government Corruption Destroy the Political Machine

Direct Primaries: the people choose the candidate that will run for office

Direct election of Senators: the people elect Senators At the time chosen by the State Government 17th Amendment

Secret Ballot: Make all ballots look the same different political parties printed their ballots in

different colors

Do Now: What do you see here? What year do you

think this is? How do you think the

public responded?

The American Woman Suffrage Movement 1848-1920

The Right to vote= Suffrage = Enfranchisement = Franchise

Seneca Falls, NY 1848

In early 1800s, women involved in abolition (no slavery), temperance (no alcohol)

Group of men and women gather in Seneca Falls, NY in 1848

Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

Write Declaration of Sentiments

Fifteenth Amendment, 1871Grants African-American men the right to vote

Disappoints many women who thought African American men and women would be enfranchised together

African Americans split over whether men should get vote before women

Frederick Douglass, 1869 “When women, because they are women, . . .are

dragged from their houses and hung upon lamp posts; when their children are torn from their arms, and their brains dashed upon the pavement . . . then they will have an urgency to obtain the ballot equal to our own.”

But was this not true for the black woman?

“Yes, yes, yes. It is true for the black woman but not because she is a woman but because she is black!”

Sojourner Truth, 1869“There is a great stir

about colored men getting their rights, but not a word about the colored women . . . And if colored men get their rights, and not colored women theirs, you see the colored men will be masters over the women, and it will be just as bad as it was before.”

Do you agree with Frederick Douglass or Sojourner Truth?

Before 1910 Women’s suffrage movement splits, but then

unites in 1890National American Woman Suffrage Association

(NAWSA)Big leaders: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady

StantonTwo big strategies:

Try to win suffrage state-by-state Try to pass a Constitutional Amendment (but this would

need to be ratified by 36 states--or three-fourths) Which strategy is smarter?

Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony tried several times to introduce an Amendment bill in the late 1800s, but it was always killed in the Senate.

Anti-Suffragists: Those who opposed suffrage

(many “Anti’s”were women)

Arguments of Anti-Suffragists:

Women were high-strung, irrational, emotionalWomen were not smart or educated enoughWomen should stay at homeWomen were too physically frail; they would get

tired just walking to the polling stationWomen would become masculine if they voted

Why were some of the Western states open to woman suffrage long before Eastern states?

The Next Generation

Elizabeth Cady Stanton died 1902Susan B. Anthony died 1906But in the early 1900s many young middle-class

women were going to college and joining the suffrage movement

Many working-class women also joined the cause, hoping the right to vote would help improve working conditions

NAWSA Carrie Chapman Catt led the National

American Woman Suffrage Association. She believed in: Careful state-by-state strategy Support President Wilson even if he doesn‘t

outright support suffrage (because Democrats were a safer bet than Republicans)

Act ladylike! Don’t embarrass the movement

National Woman’s PartyAlice Paul led the National Woman’s Party;

believed in more aggressive strategies:Focused on passing a Constitutional

AmendmentPicked up un-ladylike strategies from British

suffragists (e.g., heckling politicians, picketing)Refused to support President Wilson if he

wouldn‘t support woman suffrageNWP members were arrested for picketing in

front of the White House; they were put in jail, went on a hunger strike and were force-fed

Which group do you has the smarter strategy, NAWSA or NWP?

19th Amendment, 1920“The right of citizens of the United

States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.”

(Tennessee was the 36th state to ratify and it passed by only 1 vote)

Extra Slides

[----------------------------------------------------------]

Progressive Era Timeline

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____ _____

_______________

_____

_____

political corruption in the gilded age

Documents

political machine

political cartoonlate

political power

movement of people

boss tweedboss tweed

ring of people

reform movement

real boss tweedwhat