Political CulturePolitical Culture

It is a set of values beliefs, It is a set of values beliefs, emotions and view points of the emotions and view points of the people about their political system people about their political system of a state. of a state. It was in 1956 that in the It was in 1956 that in the American political system Gabriel American political system Gabriel Almond used this concept for the Almond used this concept for the first time in his essay entitled, first time in his essay entitled, “Comparative Political System”.“Comparative Political System”.

Characteristics of Political Characteristics of Political CultureCulture

Political culture is a universal concept.Political culture is a universal concept. It is a comprehensive concept.It is a comprehensive concept. Every political system has distinctive culture.Every political system has distinctive culture. Political culture is a part of General Culture.Political culture is a part of General Culture. Political culture influences Political systems.Political culture influences Political systems. Political culture is a part of the general Political culture is a part of the general

culture.culture.

Political culture influences political system.Political culture influences political system. The concept of political culture is The concept of political culture is

subjective in nature.subjective in nature. Political culture is larger than Political culture is larger than

constitutional Structures.constitutional Structures. Political culture is a dynamic concept.Political culture is a dynamic concept. Political culture has its own sub cultures.Political culture has its own sub cultures.

Subcultures Subcultures Within national political cultures, Within national political cultures,

there are subcultures, characterizing there are subcultures, characterizing political attitudes of different groups political attitudes of different groups within society. In conflictual cultures, there within society. In conflictual cultures, there are deep rifts between subcultures.are deep rifts between subcultures.

The rifts are caused by such factors as:The rifts are caused by such factors as:

ClassClass

Ethnicity or raceEthnicity or race

ReligionReligion

Regional differencesRegional differences

Component of political Component of political cultureculture

Cognitive Orientation:-Cognitive Orientation:- It is implied by It is implied by the amount and the type of the knowledge which the amount and the type of the knowledge which the people posses about political problems and the people posses about political problems and eventsevents

Effective Orientation:-Effective Orientation:- It implies the It implies the amount of devotion and interest of the people amount of devotion and interest of the people toward their political systemtoward their political system

Evaluative orientation:-Evaluative orientation:- While While evaluating their political system people try to know evaluating their political system people try to know if the political system has achieved the objective if the political system has achieved the objective which it had sought to achieve it.which it had sought to achieve it.

Political valuesPolitical values Political beliefs Political beliefs Emotional attitudesEmotional attitudes

Determinants of Political Determinants of Political CultureCulture

Historical factorsHistorical factors Geographical factorsGeographical factors Social factorsSocial factors Economic factorsEconomic factors Spread of education Spread of education Radio and TelevisionRadio and Television Newspapers and TelevisionsNewspapers and Televisions Political partiesPolitical parties Ideological basis of political systemIdeological basis of political system

A Morphological Illustration A Morphological Illustration of Political Cultureof Political Culture

Almond’ AnalysisAlmond’ Analysis

Civic CultureCivic Culture

Unmixed political culture Mixed political Unmixed political culture Mixed political culture culture

Parochial Subject ParticipantParochial Subject Participant

political culture political culture political culturepolitical culture political culture political culture

Parochial subject Subject Participant Parochial Participant Parochial subject Subject Participant Parochial Participant

political culture political culture Parochial Participant political culture political culture Parochial Participant

Secularisation of political Secularisation of political cultureculture

With the passage of time, the With the passage of time, the political culture, also changes and if as a political culture, also changes and if as a result of this change people become more result of this change people become more rational, logical, wiser, analytical and rational, logical, wiser, analytical and empirical in their political attitudes, to this empirical in their political attitudes, to this we can call the secularisation of political we can call the secularisation of political culture.culture.

Factors helpful in the Factors helpful in the growth of secular political growth of secular political

culture.culture. EducationEducation Radio and TelevisionRadio and Television Secular PressSecular Press Type of Political SystemType of Political System Secular StateSecular State Social and Economic equalitySocial and Economic equality Scientific and Technical progressScientific and Technical progress Political PartiesPolitical Parties Pressure Groups Pressure Groups Industrialisation and UrbanisationIndustrialisation and Urbanisation

Relevance of Political Culture Relevance of Political Culture in Politicsin Politics

It has made political Science as a real Social It has made political Science as a real Social Science.Science.

The study of political science has become The study of political science has become practicalpractical

Increase in the scope of political Science.Increase in the scope of political Science. Measuring rod to judge the success and failure of Measuring rod to judge the success and failure of

political system.political system. Political science has become a dynamic SubjectPolitical science has become a dynamic Subject Helpful in knowing the diversities in human Helpful in knowing the diversities in human

nature.nature. Combination of micro and macro study.Combination of micro and macro study. Helpful to know the reason of political decay.Helpful to know the reason of political decay. Helpful in bringing progressive political change.Helpful in bringing progressive political change. Basis of making distinction among political Basis of making distinction among political

system.system.

Criticism of the concept of Criticism of the concept of political culturepolitical culture

Not a correct barometer to know the Not a correct barometer to know the behaviour of man.behaviour of man.

Ambiguous concept.Ambiguous concept. Difficult to draw a line between general Difficult to draw a line between general

culture and political culture.culture and political culture. It is not a new concept.It is not a new concept.

Conclusion Conclusion

The study of this concept helps us to The study of this concept helps us to understand the political beliefs and understand the political beliefs and attitudes of the people living under various attitudes of the people living under various political systems. The concept of political political systems. The concept of political system is an attempt to gain the rigour system is an attempt to gain the rigour and comprehensiveness which these other and comprehensiveness which these other concepts lack.concepts lack.

ReferencesReferences Aggarwal R.C., Principles of Political Science, S.Chand Aggarwal R.C., Principles of Political Science, S.Chand

Company, New Delhi, 1976.Company, New Delhi, 1976. Badyal, J.S, Political Theory, Raj Publishers, 2012, Jalander.Badyal, J.S, Political Theory, Raj Publishers, 2012, Jalander. Garner James Wildford, Political Science and Government, Garner James Wildford, Political Science and Government,

The World Press Priviate LTD. Calcutta, 1951.The World Press Priviate LTD. Calcutta, 1951. Gauba O.P, An Introduction to Political Theory, Macmillan Gauba O.P, An Introduction to Political Theory, Macmillan

Publisher, Delhi, 2009.Publisher, Delhi, 2009. Misra K.K & Iyengar Kalpana. M, Modern Political Theory, Misra K.K & Iyengar Kalpana. M, Modern Political Theory,

S.Chand Company, New Delhi, 1988.S.Chand Company, New Delhi, 1988. Ray Amal, Political Theory Idess and Institutions, The World Ray Amal, Political Theory Idess and Institutions, The World

Press Priviate LTD. Calcutta, 1988Press Priviate LTD. Calcutta, 1988 Johari J.C, Principles of Modern Political Science, Sterling Johari J.C, Principles of Modern Political Science, Sterling

Publishers, New Delhi, 1989.Publishers, New Delhi, 1989.

ByBy Dr. AMANDIP KAURDr. AMANDIP KAUR DEPTT. OF POLITICAL SCIENCE,DEPTT. OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, PGGCG, SEC. 11, CHANDIGARH.PGGCG, SEC. 11, CHANDIGARH.