political geography part 1
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Political Geography Part 1DeBlij Chapter 8
AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY
THE INTELLIGENT HUMAN’S GUIDE TO COWS AND POLITICAL SYSTEMS
• You have two cows. Give one to neighbor• You have two cows. Give them both to government.
Government gives you milk• You have two cows. Give milk to government.
Government sells milk• Government shoots you and takes cows• Government shoots one cow; milks the other and pours
milk down the sink• Slaughter cows. Compete with McDonalds• Keep cows. Shoot government. Steal another cow• Freeze milk. Nuke cows• Give milk back to cows. Let cows escape
SocialismCommunism
Fascism
NazismNew Dealism
CapitalismAnarchismConservatismLiberalism
Political Geography The study of the political organization of the planet
Landlocked Nation
Theocracy
Human Territoriality the need to control pieces of the Earth’s surface for political and social ends
State vs. Nation
• State: a political unit • Nation: a people’s feeling of belonging to a
cultural community with a common history
The Kurds are stateless but they have a national identity
Stateless NationsEurope
Sami in Finland/NorwayBasques in SpainChechnya in Russia
AfricaOgoni in NigeriaIgbo in Nigeria
AsiaBalochisTurkmen in IraqTibetans in ChinaTamils in Sri Lanka
North AmericaNavajoKa Lahui
South AmericaAymaraMapuche of Chile/Argentina
Afghanistan is a state but not a
nation
Durand Line
European State Model
During the 15th and 16th Centuries, European States began to emergeCharacteristics: Powerful Monarch (weakened nobility)
Standardized Language & CultureNational integrated economy mercantilismReligious uniformity Military rivalry
Sovereignty: idea that territory exists as an independent state ruled by a monarch
The Nation-State
• The European State has become the global model for the Nation-State.
• Problem: Many States do not have a unified nationality
• Solution: encourage “National Spirit” among the people of a state
Nation, State or Nation-State?Greeks (NS)Danes (NS)Scots (N)Swiss (S)
Palestinians (N)English (N)British (S)
Israelis (NS)Ukrainians (NS)
Arabs (N)
GreeksDanesScotsSwiss
PalestiniansEnglishBritishIsraelis
UkrainiansArabs
What do states do?
What are the characteristics of a state?
• Defined territory• Substantial population• Political Organization• Power (Sovereignty)
Defined Territory
Territorial Morphology
11 time zones15 republics10 million km east to west (distance from Scotland to Alaska)
MicrostateSmithtown 111 sq milesLong Island 1,401 sq miles
Miles²Vatican City 0.44Monaco 1.95San Marino 61Liechtenstein 164Marshall Islands 181St Kitts & Nevis 261Maldives 298Malta 316Grenada 344Barbados 430Seychelles 455Andorra 468Singapore 683Bahrain 694
A political boundary is a vertical plane
Evolution of Boundaries
“The southern and western limits of New Mexico….shall consist of a straight line drawn from the middle of the Rio Gila, where it unites with the Colorado, to a point on the coast of the Pacific Ocean….”
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848)
Geometric Boundary
Physical-Political Boundary
Types of Boundaries
Antecedent boundary: created by a natural break in settlement
Subsequent boundary: created by long term adjustment & modification
Superimposed boundary: created by an outside force (UN, imperialism..)
Relict boundary: boundary that has ceased to function but still influences culture
What type of boundary was this?
Purpose of boundaries
• Defense• Limit jurisdiction • Foster nationalism