political science 12: ir -- week 2...
TRANSCRIPT
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Political Science 12: IR -- Week 2 Lecture
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What Shaped Our World? 1
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What Shaped Our World?
1. Cooperation Through History 2. The Mercantilist Era, 1492–1815 3. The Pax Britannica, 1815–1914 4. The Thirty Years’ Crisis, 1914–1945 5. The Cold War, 1945–1990 6. Post–Cold War, 1991–Present 7. Future Trends and Challenges
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What Shaped Our World?
1. Cooperation Through History 2. The Mercantilist Era, 1492–1815 3. The Pax Britannica, 1815–1914 4. The Thirty Years’ Crisis, 1914–1945 5. The Cold War, 1945–1990 6. Post–Cold War, 1991–Present 7. Future Trends and Challenges
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Cooperation Through History
• 1800s: Relative peace and prosperity
• Early–mid-1900s: Wars, depression
• Late 1900s: Economic globalization
• 2000s: Still unknown
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What Shaped Our World?
1. Cooperation Through History 2. The Mercantilist Era, 1492–1815 3. The Pax Britannica, 1815–1914 4. The Thirty Years’ Crisis, 1914–1945 5. The Cold War, 1945–1990 6. Post–Cold War, 1991–Present 7. Future Trends and Challenges
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The Mercantilist Era,1492–1815Explorers and
traders discover the “New World”
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The Mercantilist Era,1492–1815
• Mercantilism as economic doctrine • Military and economic power
complementary (guns and butter)
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The Mercantilist Era,1492–1815
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The Mercantilist Era, 1492–1815Table A
Mercantilism: Costs and Benefits
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The Mercantilist Era, 1492–1815Mercantilism: Costs and Benefits
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The Mercantilist Era,1492–1815
• The Struggle for Supremacy • Competition Goes Abroad
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The Mercantilist Era, 1492–1815
• The Thirty Years’ War, 1618–1648 • The Peace of Westphalia
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The Mercantilist Era,1492–1815
• Fight for Hegemony • Anglo-French Rivalry Seven Years’ War Napoleonic Wars (Waterloo)
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• Interests – Security through power – Control of markets and resources
• Interactions – Zero-sum bargaining among states
• Institutions – Few international institutions beyond the norm of
sovereignty
The Mercantilist Era, 1492–1815
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What Shaped Our World?
1. Cooperation Through History 2. The Mercantilist Era, 1492–1815 3. The Pax Britannica, 1815–1914 4. The Thirty Years’ Crisis, 1914–1945 5. The Cold War, 1945–1990 6. Post–Cold War, 1991–Present 7. Future Trends and Challenges
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The Pax Britannica, 1815–1914
• “The Hundred Years’ Peace” • Sources of Cooperation
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The Pax Britannica, 1815–1914
Figure 1.1: GDP per Capita, 1500-2008
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The Pax Britannica, 1815–1914
• Industrial revolution altered interests • Exchange replaces mercantilism • Economic integration increases • Mechanisms
– migration – free trade – gold standard
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The Pax Britannica, 1815–1914
The Gold Standard Gold becomes the major monetary
system, promoting stability and predictability.
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The Pax Britannica, 1815–1914
• The Congress of Vienna • The Latecomers Scramble for
Colonies
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The Pax Britannica, 1815–1914
The Colonial Empires, 1914
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The Pax Britannica, 1815–1914
• Interests – Economic wealth through trade and investment
• Interactions – Informal diplomacy; state cooperation in security and
economic affairs
• Institutions – British hegemony and the Concert of Europe
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What Shaped Our World?
1. Cooperation Through History 2. The Mercantilist Era, 1492–1815 3. The Pax Britannica, 1815–1914 4. The Thirty Years’ Crisis, 1914–1945 5. The Cold War, 1945–1990 6. Post–Cold War, 1991–Present 7. Future Trends and Challenges
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The Thirty Years’ Crisis,1914–1945
• Europe divides into two camps • Central Powers • Allied Powers
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The Thirty Years’ Crisis,1914–1945
Map 1.2: Europe, 1914
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The Thirty Years’ Crisis,1914–1945
Map 1.3: Europe after World War I,
1920
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The Thirty Years’ Crisis,1914–1945• The Treaty of Versailles
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The Thirty Years’ Crisis,1914–1945
•Inflation
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The Thirty Years’ Crisis,1914–1945
• The Great Depression of 1929 • Countries turn inward
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The Thirty Years’ Crisis,1914–1945
• World War II • Axis Powers • Allied Powers
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The Thirty Years’ Crisis,1914–1945
• Interests – Security through alliances, expansion, and economic
self-sufficiency
• Interactions – World Wars I and II – Beggar-thy-neighbor policies
• Institutions – The League of Nations
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What Shaped Our World?
1. Cooperation Through History 2. The Mercantilist Era, 1492–1815 3. The Pax Britannica, 1815–1914 4. The Thirty Years’ Crisis, 1914–1945 5. The Cold War, 1945–1990 6. Post–Cold War, 1991–Present 7. Future Trends and Challenges
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The Cold War, 1945–1990
Map 1.4: The Cold
War and Its Alliances,
1980
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The Cold War, 1945–1990
• The Eastern Bloc • The Western Bloc
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The Cold War, 1945–1990
• Conflicts, crises, and coups • Rise of the Third World • Cold War phases
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The Cold War, 1945–1990
• Interests – Superpowers and allies sought to maximize global
influence – All countries sought gains in wealth
• Interactions – Bipolar structure turned more pluralistic – Coercive diplomacy slowly yielded to bargaining
• Institutions – U.S.-supported institutions survived – Soviet institutions lacked legitimacy
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What Shaped Our World?
1. Cooperation Through History 2. The Mercantilist Era, 1492–1815 3. The Pax Britannica, 1815–1914 4. The Thirty Years’ Crisis, 1914–1945 5. The Cold War, 1945–1990 6. Post–Cold War, 1991–Present 7. Future Trends and Challenges
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Post–Cold War, 1991–Present
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Post–Cold War, 1991–Present
• Collapse of the USSR • Cooperation
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Post–Cold War, 1991–Present
• Interests – States increasingly focus on wealth gains through
trade and investment – Rise of non-state actors with diverse goals
• Interactions – “Complex interdependence” – Weak states often bargain with global institutions
• Institutions – UN and global financial and trade institutions – NGOs participate
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What Shaped Our World?
1. Cooperation Through History 2. The Mercantilist Era, 1492–1815 3. The Pax Britannica, 1815–1914 4. The Thirty Years’ Crisis, 1914–1945 5. The Cold War, 1945–1990 6. Post–Cold War, 1991–Present 7. Future Trends and Challenges
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Future Trends and Challenges
• Predominance of the United States? • Environmental costs • Nuclear proliferation • Financial crises • Power shifts
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Political Science 12: International Relations