political science - intro prelims

8/8/2019 Political Science - Intro Prelims

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An Introduction


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Political SciencePolitical Science-- Systematic study of the stateSystematic study of the state

and government.and government.Political Greek word polis

meaning city / sovereign state

Science Latin word scire meaning

to know


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What is Political Science?What is Political Science?

ItIt hashas aa formalformal object,object, basicbasic

knowledgeknowledge && understandingunderstanding ofof thethe

statestate andand ofof thethe principlesprinciples andand idealsidealswhichwhich underlieunderlie itsits organizationorganization andand

activitiesactivities..

ItIt isis primarilyprimarily concernedconcerned withwith thetheassociationassociation ofof humanhuman beingsbeings intointo aa

bodybody politic,politic, oror aa politicalpolitical communitycommunity


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ItIt dealsdeals withwith thosethose relationsrelations amongamongmenmen andand groupsgroups whichwhich areare subjectsubject

toto controlcontrol byby thethe state,state, withwith

relationsrelations ofof menmen andand groupsgroups toto thethestatestate itselfitself andand withwith thethe relationsrelations ofof

statestate toto thethe otherotherstatestate..


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Scope of Political ScienceScope of Political Science

PoliticalPolitical TheoryTheory itit relatesrelates toto thethe

origin,origin, form,form, behaviorbehavior,, andand purposespurposes

ofof thethe statestate..

PublicPublic LawLaw ItIt includesincludes thethe (a)(a)

organizationorganization ofof governments,governments, (b)(b) thethe

limitationslimitations uponupon governmentgovernment

authority,authority, (c)(c) thethe powerspowers andand dutiesduties ofof

thethe governmentalgovernmental officesoffices andand officersofficers

&& (d)(d) thethe obligationsobligations ofof thethe statestate toto

anotheranother..


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PublicPublic AdministrationAdministration ItIt focusedfocusedonon thethe methodsmethods andand techniquestechniques

usedused inin thethe actualactual managementmanagement ofof

thethe statestate affairsaffairs byby executive,executive,

legislative,legislative, andand judicialjudicial branchesbranches ofof

governmentgovernment..


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Interrelationship with otherInterrelationship with other

Branch

es of LearningBranch

es of Learning HistoryHistory thethe historyhistory isis pastpast politicspolitics

andand politicspolitics presentpresent historyhistory

EconomicsEconomics concernedconcerned withwith thethefactfact thatthat economiceconomic conditionsconditions affectaffectthethe organization,organization, developmentdevelopment andand

activitiesactivities ofof thethe statestate.. GeographyGeography GeopoliticsGeopolitics (concerned(concerned

withwith thethe studystudy ofof thethe physicalphysical factorsfactors

suchsuch asas populationpopulation


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SociologySociology andand AnthropologyAnthropology

StudyStudy ofof thethe societysociety inin aa wholewhole andandmankindmankind inin relationrelation toto physical,physical,

socialsocial andand culturalcultural developmentdevelopment..

PsychologyPsychology promotespromotes studiesstudies ofofthethe mentalmental andand emotionalemotional

processesprocesses motivatingmotivating thethe politicalpolitical

behaviorbehavior ofof individualsindividuals andand groupsgroupsPhilosophyPhilosophy underlyingunderlying thethe

conceptsconcepts andand framingframing thethe

constitutionsconstitutions andand lawslaws


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StatisticsStatistics andand LogicLogic employsemploys

scientificscientific methodsmethods inin gatheringgathering andandevaluatingevaluating datadata && drawingdrawing inin

conclusionconclusion..

JurisprudenceJurisprudence concernedconcerned withwiththethe analysisanalysis ofof existingexisting legallegal

systemssystems andand alsoalso withwith thethe ethical,ethical,

historical,historical, sociologicalsociological andandpsychologicalpsychological foundationsfoundations ofof lawlaw..


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Function & Importance ofFunction & Importance of

Political SciencePolitical Science ToTo discoverdiscover thethe principlesprinciples thatthat shouldshould

bebe adheredadhered toto inin publicpublic affairsaffairs andand toto

studystudy thethe operationsoperations ofof governmentgovernment ininorderorder toto demonstratedemonstrate whatwhat isis good,good, toto

criticizecriticize whatwhat isis badbad oror inefficientinefficient && toto

suggestsuggest improvementsimprovements


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ItsIts findingsfindings andand conclusionsconclusions maymay bebe

ofof immenseimmense practicalpractical useuse totoconstitutionconstitution--makers,makers, legislator,legislator,

executives,executives, andand judgesjudges whowho needneed

modelsmodels oror normsnorms thatthat cancan bebe appliedapplied

toto immediateimmediate situationssituations..

ItIt dealsdeals withwith thethe problemsproblems ofof socialsocial

welfare,welfare, governmentalgovernmental economiceconomicprograms,programs, internationalinternational cooperationcooperation

andand othersothers thatthat areare urgenturgent concernconcern toto

publicpublic officialsofficials andand toto privateprivate citizenscitizens..


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Goals in the Study of PoliticalGoals in the Study of Political

Science CoursesScience CoursesEducationEducation forfor citizenshipcitizenship

EssentialEssential partsparts ofof liberalliberaleducationeducation

Knowledge and understanding ofKnowledge and understanding of

governmentgovernment


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` Education for citizenship

` Essential part of liberal education

`

Knowledge and understanding ofgovernment

Why is it necessary to study the

Constitution?


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State a community of persons more or less

numerous permanently occupying a definite

portion of territory, having a government of its own

to which the great body of inhabitants renders

obedience, and and enjoying freedom from

external control


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1. People mass of population living within

the state


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2. Territory fixed portion of the surface of

the earth inhabited by the people of the

state


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3. Government agency through which the will of

the state is formulated, expressed and carried

out


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4. Sovereignty the supreme power of the state to

command and enforce obedience

2 Manifestations

External sovereignty

Internal sovereignty


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1. Divine Right Theory holds that the

state is of divine

creation and the ruler is

ordained by God to govern

the people


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2. Necessity or force theory

maintains that states

must have been createdthrough force


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3. Paternalistic theory

attributes the origin ofstates to the

enlargement of the

family


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4. Social Contract theory asserts

that the earlystates must

have been formed by

deliberate and voluntary

compact among people to

form a government of their

own


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VaticanVatican smallestsmallest statestate inin termsterms

ofof populationpopulation withwith estimatedestimated 10001000citizenscitizens andand ruledruled byby thethe PopePope..

ChinaChina thethe largestlargest statestate inin pointpoint

ofof populationpopulation moremore thanthan 11BB..


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CanadaCanada thethe biggestbiggest statestate

havinghaving anan areaarea ofof 33,,852852,,000000squaresquare milesmiles

Vatican

Vatican smallestsmallest statestate inin pointpointofof territoryterritory;; itit wouldwould fitfit thethe RizalRizal

ParkPark inin ManilaManila

PhilippinesPhilippines totaltotal landland areaarea ofofaboutabout 115115,,707707 sqsq.. milesmiles oror

299299,,681681 sqsq.. kmkm..


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InternalInternal thethe powerpower ofof thethe statestate

toto rulerule withinwithin itsits territoryterritoryExternalExternal thethe freedomfreedom ofof thethe

statestate toto carrycarry outout itsits activitiesactivities

withoutwithout subjectionsubjection toto oror controlcontrol byby

otherotherstatesstates..


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State distinguished from NationState distinguished from Nation

TheThe statestate isis aa politicalpolitical conceptconcept

whilewhile nationnation isis anan ethnicethnic conceptconcept..

AA statestate isis notnot subjectsubject toto externalexternalcontrolcontrol whilewhile aa nationnation maymay oror

maymay notnot bebe independentindependent ofof

externalexternal controlcontrol..

AA singlesingle statestate maymay consistconsist ofof oneone

oror moremore nationsnations andand vicevice--versaversa


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State distinguished fromState distinguished from

GovernmentGovernmentTheThe governmentgovernment isis onlyonly thethe

agencyagency throughthrough whichwhich thethe statestate

expressesexpresses itsits willwill..AA statestate cannotcannot existexist withoutwithout aa

government,government, butbut itit isis possiblepossible toto

havehave aa governmentgovernment withoutwithout aa

statestate


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Purpose of GovernmentPurpose of Government

ItIt isis necessarynecessary forfor thethe protectionprotection

ofofsocietysociety andand itsits membersmembers..

ToTo dodo thingsthings whichwhich byby theirtheir veryverynature,nature, itit isis betterbetter equippedequipped toto

administeradminister publicpublic welfarewelfare thanthan aa

privateprivate individualindividual oror groupgroup ofof

individualsindividuals..


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Forms of GovernmentForms of Government

AsAs toto numbernumber ofof personspersons exercisingexercising

sovereignsovereign powerspowers

AsAs toto extentextent ofof powerspowers exercisedexercised bybythethe centralcentral oror nationalnational governmentgovernment

AsAs toto relationshiprelationship betweenbetween thethe

executiveexecutive andand thethe legislativelegislativebranchesbranches ofof thethe governmentgovernment


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MonarchyMonarchy thethe supremesupreme authorityauthority

isis inin thethe handshands ofof aa singlesingle personpersonwithoutwithout regardsregards thethe electionelection

AristocracyAristocracy PoliticalPolitical powerpower isis

exercisedexercised byby aa fewfew privilegedprivileged classclasssuchsuch asas oligarchyoligarchy

DemocracyDemocracy politicalpolitical powerpower isis

exercisedexercised byby aa majoritymajority ofof thethepeoplepeople


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MonarchyMonarchy

AbsoluteAbsolute MonarchyMonarchy thethe rulerruler

rulesrules byby divinedivine rightright

LimitedLimited MonarchyMonarchy thethe rulerrulerrulesrules inin accordanceaccordance withwith aa

constitutionconstitution


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DemocracyDemocracy

DirectDirect oror purepure democracydemocracy thethe willwillofof thethe statestate isis formulatedformulated directlydirectly andand

immediatelyimmediately throughthrough thethe peoplepeople inin aa

massmass meetingmeeting oror primaryprimary assemblyassembly Indirect,Indirect, RepresentativeRepresentative oror

RepublicanRepublican DemocracyDemocracy -- throughthrough

thethe agencyagency ofof aa relativelyrelatively smallsmall andand

selectselect bodybody ofof personspersons chosenchosen byby thethe

peoplepeople..


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UnitaryUnitary GovernmentGovernment -- thethecontrolcontrol ofof thethe nationalnational andand locallocal

affairsaffairs isis exercisedexercised byby thethe

centralcentral oror nationalnational governmentgovernment

FederalFederal GovernmentGovernment thethe

powerpower ofof thethe governmentgovernment arearedivideddivided betweenbetween twotwo setssets ofof

organs,organs, oneone forfor nationalnational affairsaffairs

andand locallocal affairsaffairs..


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ParliamentaryParliamentary GovernmentGovernment TheThe

statestate confersconfers uponupon thethe legislaturelegislaturethethe powerpower toto terminateterminate thethe tenuretenure ofof

officeoffice ofof thethe realreal executiveexecutive

PresidentialPresidential GovernmentGovernment TheThestatestate makesmakes thethe executiveexecutive

constitutionallyconstitutionally independentindependent ofof thethe

legislaturelegislature asas regardsregards hishis tenuretenure andandtoto aa largelarge extentextent asas regardsregards hishis

policiespolicies andand actsacts..


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PreamblePreamble

DerivedDerived fromfrom thethe LatinLatin

preambularepreambulare whichwhich meansmeans toto

walkwalk..An An introductionintroduction toto thethe mainmain

subjectsubject

ProloguePrologue ofof thethe ConstitutionConstitution


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Object and ValueObject and Value

Set down origin and purposes of theSet down origin and purposes of the

constitutionconstitution

It tells us who are the authors of theIt tells us who are the authors of theConstitution and for whom it has beenConstitution and for whom it has been

promulgatedpromulgated

It states the general purposes whichIt states the general purposes which

are intended to be achieved by theare intended to be achieved by the

constitution and the governmentconstitution and the government


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MayMay serveserve asas anan aidaid inin itsits

interpretationinterpretation-- AnAn aidaid inin determiningdetermining thethe meaningmeaning

ofof vaguevague oror ambiguousambiguous provisionsprovisions

ofof thethe ConstitutionConstitution properproper


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Source of ConstitutionSource of Constitution

Auth

orityAuth

ority The Filipino PeopleThe Filipino People

-- Signify their oneness and solidarity andSignify their oneness and solidarity and

its different from the people of theits different from the people of thePhilippinesPhilippines

A Sovereign PeopleA Sovereign People

-- The use of pronouns we and our hasThe use of pronouns we and our has

also been retained instead of thealso been retained instead of the

impersonal third person approachimpersonal third person approach

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