Polyester

- Polyester is a chemical term which can be broken into poly, meaning many, and ester, a basic organic chemical compound.

- Polyester is a man made synthetic fiber.

- In 1926, United States-based E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co. began research into very large molecules and synthetic fibers.

-This early research, headed by W.H. Carothers, centered on what became nylon, the first synthetic fiber.

-1939-41, British research chemists took interest in the du Pont studies and conducted their own research.This work resulted in the creation of the

polyester fiber known in England as Terylene.

-1946, du Pont purchased the right to produce this polyester fiber in the United States.

-1951, began to market the fiber under the name Dacron.

Raw Materials- Air

-Coal -Water

-Petroleum

Surfacecross-section

Microsopic View of Polyester

Types Of Polyester

PET Polyester

- The manufacturing process is simillar to nylon, but the chemicals are different. The main raw material is ethylene obtained from poteroleum.

-It is oxidized to produce a glycol monomer dihydric alcohol which is further combined with another monomer, terephthalic acid at a high

temperature in a vacuum.

- Polymerization takes place with the aid of a catalysts.

- The colorless molten polyester then flows from a slot in a vessel on to a casting wheel and takes shape of a ribbon as it cools to hardness.

- The polymer thus produced is then cut into very small chips, dried to remove all moisture and blended to make it uniform for getting it ready for spinning into yarn.

PCDT Polyester

- This variation of polyester is made by condensing terephthalic acid with 1, 4-cy-clohexane-dimethanol to form poly-1, 4-cyclohexylene-dimethylene terephthalate or

the PCDT Polyester.

-As for PET Polyester, PCDT is processed for melt spinning.

Different Forms of polyester

- Filament Form, each individual strand of polyester fiber is continous in length, produsing smooth-surfaced fabrics.

- Staple Forms, filaments are to short, predetermined lengths. In this form polyester is easier to blend with other fibers.

Spinning

-Polymer chips are melted at 500-518°F (260-270°C) to form a syrup-like

solution.-The molten polymer is then extruded

through a spinneret and the filaments are subsequently drawn into the desired poly-

ester fiber. -Spinnerets having hole of different shapes

such as round, trilobal, pentalobal, hex-alobal or octalobal can be used for special effects like opacity, luster or its suppres-

sion, wicking, comfort or feel. -Delusterant can be added to make the

fiber dull, a flame retardant may be added or certain other antistatic substance may

also be included.

Drawing

-After extrusion from the spinneret, the fibers are drawn or elongated, with the

help of godet wheels. -Depending upon the desired properties, the polyester fibers are usually drawn up

to five times its original length.-higher tenacity, the filaments are drawn

to a greater extent.-During the drawing process itself, fibers may be textured which saves time, efforts and production cost and also gives great-er quality control over the finished fibers.

-it is wound on large bobbins or flat-wound packages, ready to be woven

Manufacturing Polyester

Different blends of Polyester

- Terry cotton (65% polyester. 35% cotton)

-terry wool (65% polyester, 35% cotton)

-Polyster Viscose Rayon (65% polyester and 35% viscose)

- Polyester Triaceate (50% polyester, 50% triaceate)

- Polyester nylon

Burn Test

- Polyester burns with a sweet smell.

- The flame is shiny yellow / orange sooty flame.

- Turns hard, black round bead

Characteristics of Polyester

- Polyester fabrics and fibers are extremely strong.

- Polyester is very durable: resistant to most chemicals, stretching and shrinking, wrinkle resistant, mildew and abrasion resistant.

- Polyester is hydrophobic in nature and quick drying. It can be used for insulation by manufacturing hollow fibers.

- Polyester retains its shape and hence is good for making outdoor clothing for harsh climates.

- It is easily washed and dried.

Care ForPolyester

- Polyester is machine washable, and can be dried on low heat setting in your dryer or by hung out to air dry.

- If you are putting polyester items in the dryer, don’t leave it running too long. This can cause shrinkage.

- Polyester usually doesn’t require ironing, but you can use an iron on a warm setting if need be. Don’t use a hot setting as polyester can scorch.

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