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PolymerPolymer--Modified Asphalts Modified Asphalts ––Enhancing HMA PerformanceEnhancing HMA Performance
WilkesWilkes--Barre, PA.Barre, PA.October 23, 2003 October 23, 2003
Harold L. Von QuintusHarold L. Von Quintus
Study Sponsors:Study Sponsors:
Industry AssociationsIndustry AssociationsThe Asphalt The Asphalt InstituteInstituteThe Association of The Association of Modified Asphalt Modified Asphalt ProducersProducers
Federal Highway Federal Highway AdministrationAdministration
Corporate SponsorsCorporate SponsorsArrArr--Maz ProductsMaz ProductsATOFINA ATOFINA Petrochemicals, Inc.Petrochemicals, Inc.DexcoDexco Polymers LPPolymers LPDynasolDynasol LLCLLCGoodyear ChemicalGoodyear ChemicalKRATON PolymersKRATON PolymersPolimeriPolimeri EuropasEuropasAmericasAmericasUltrapaveUltrapave
Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview
1.1. Study Objectives & StatusStudy Objectives & Status2.2. Overview of Overview of Users OpinionsUsers Opinions3.3. Performance ComparisonsPerformance Comparisons4.4. Summary of Initial FindingsSummary of Initial Findings
Study ObjectivesStudy Objectives
1.1. Quantify the effect of using PMA Quantify the effect of using PMA as compared to conventionalas compared to conventional--unmodified HMA mixtures.unmodified HMA mixtures.
2.2. Identify conditions that maximize Identify conditions that maximize effect of PMA to increase HMA effect of PMA to increase HMA pavement & overlay life. pavement & overlay life.
Phase I Tasks:Phase I Tasks:1.1. Update literature review.Update literature review.2.2. Update contacts with Update contacts with
selected agencies.selected agencies.3.3. Review test sections with PMA mixes.Review test sections with PMA mixes.4.4. Select companion PMA & Select companion PMA &
unmodified HMA test unmodified HMA test sections.sections.
CompletedCompleted
Phase II Tasks:Phase II Tasks:
5.5. Predict performance of test sections.Predict performance of test sections.6.6. Compare performance Compare performance
characteristics of PMA & unmodified characteristics of PMA & unmodified HMA pavements.HMA pavements.
7.7. Prepare study documents.Prepare study documents.
90% Complete90% Complete
Reason for Using PMA?Reason for Using PMA?
0
20
40
60
80
100
R T F M D R T
Response, %
R = RuttingT = Thermal CrackingF = Fatigue CrackingM = Moisture Damage
or strippingD = DurabilityR = RavelingT = Tenderness
Is There a Benefit Using Is There a Benefit Using PMA?PMA?
01020304050607080
Yes Unsure NoOpinion
Response, %
Yes, BUTBUT:Insufficient data to quantify that benefit.
Concern: Concern: ShortShort--Term versus LongTerm versus Long--Term Term
Benefit?Benefit?
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 2 5 10 15 20
Time, years
Perf
orm
ance
Mea
sure
Conv.
Data needed to quantify long-term benefit.
PMA?
Finding & ConclusionFinding & Conclusion
PMA mixtures do extend the service PMA mixtures do extend the service life of HMA pavements & overlays.life of HMA pavements & overlays.
The real issue is:The real issue is:QUANTIFICATION OF THE QUANTIFICATION OF THE
INCREASE IN SERVICE LIFE.INCREASE IN SERVICE LIFE.
Selected Pavement Locations for Selected Pavement Locations for Detailed Analyses in Phase IIDetailed Analyses in Phase II
Not all LTPP sites located on map.
Test Sections Test Sections -- Experiments Experiments
LTPP: Core & Supplemental SectionsLTPP: Core & Supplemental SectionsSPSSPS--1; SPS1; SPS--5; SPS5; SPS--6; SPS6; SPS--99GPSGPS--1; GPS1; GPS--2; GPS2; GPS--6; GPS6; GPS--77
MTO Modifier StudyMTO Modifier StudyAccelerated Pavement Tests, examplesAccelerated Pavement Tests, examples
FHWA ALF, Turner FairbanksFHWA ALF, Turner FairbanksNCAT Test RoadNCAT Test RoadCalifornia HVS StudiesCalifornia HVS Studies
Individual State Agency Test SectionsIndividual State Agency Test Sections
Experimental FactorialExperimental Factorial
25261716Total No. PMA Sections4434PCC6633HMAHMA
Overlays
2210Coarse-Grained2210Fine-Grained
Full-Depth
2322Coarse-Grained3222Fine-Grained
Thick HMA
3333Coarse-Grained3422Fine-Grained
Thin HMA
DryWetDryWetNon-FreezeFreeze
ClimateFoundation
Pavement Cross Section
Types of Analyses:Types of Analyses:PMA Versus Unmodified MixesPMA Versus Unmodified MixesComparison of actual distress Comparison of actual distress observations; companion sectionsobservations; companion sectionsMechanisticMechanistic--empirical analysis of empirical analysis of performance history:performance history:
Fracture, Load RelatedFracture, Load RelatedDistortion, Load RelatedDistortion, Load Related
Performance Performance EvaluationsEvaluations
Load Related CrackingLoad Related CrackingRuttingRuttingThermal CrackingThermal CrackingIRI, SmoothnessIRI, SmoothnessOther Surface DistressOther Surface Distress
Unmodified MixesUnmodified MixesVersusVersus
PMA MixesPMA Mixes
Load Related Load Related Cracking AnalysisCracking Analysis
Load Related Cracking:Load Related Cracking:PMA Versus Unmodified Mixes PMA Versus Unmodified Mixes
02468
10121416
0 10 20 30 40 50
Fatigue Cracking - Conventional HMA Mixes, %
Fatig
ue C
rack
ing
- PM
A M
ixes
, %Series1
Line ofEquality
One data point represents aPMA & Companion Unmodified Section
Fatigue Cracking AnalysisFatigue Cracking Analysis
( )
−
−= −
33
621
10854.0
10291.3947.15
HMAf
tfff
ELog
LogNLog
β
εββ
PDMAP Fatigue Curve initially used in fatigue analysis.
ββff = 1.0 for initial damage analyses= 1.0 for initial damage analyses
Importance Importance of Local of Local
CalibrationCalibration0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Fracture Damage Index
Fatig
ue C
rack
ing,
%
0102030405060
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Adjusted Damage Index
Fatig
ue C
rack
ing,
%
Fatigue Cracking Fatigue Cracking EvaluationsEvaluations
Local = CellLocal = Cell
Cracking versus Damage Cracking versus Damage IndexIndex
0102030405060
0 1 2 3
Adjusted Damage Index
Fatig
ue C
rack
ing,
%
f
actual
NnxDamageInde =
Line represents Unmodified Mixes
Rutting AnalysisRutting Analysis
Unmodified MixesUnmodified MixesVersusVersus
PMA MixesPMA Mixes
Rutting:Rutting:PMA Versus Unmodified MixesPMA Versus Unmodified Mixes
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Rutting - PMA Mixes,in.
Rut
ting
- C
onve
ntio
nal M
ixes
, in
.Series1
LineOfEquality
One data point represents aPMA & Companion Unmodified Section
Rutting EvaluationRutting EvaluationPermanent-resilient strain ratio used in initial analysis.
ββRR = 1.0 for initial distortion damage analyses= 1.0 for initial distortion damage analyses
( ) ( )( )TLog
LogNLog
R
d
r
pR
RR
3
2
1
491.34471.0
587.4
ββεε
ββ
−
+=
Importance Importance of Local of Local
CalibrationCalibration0
0.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8
0 1 2 3 4
Distortion Damage Index
Rut
Dep
th, i
nche
s
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8
0 1 2 3 4
Adjusted Distortion Damage Index
Rut
Dep
th, i
nche
s
Rutting Rutting EvaluationsEvaluationsLocal = CellLocal = Cell
Rutting versus Rutting versus Damage IndexDamage Index
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8
0 1 2 3 4
Adjusted Distortion Damage Index
Rut
Dep
th, i
nche
s
Line represents Unmodified Mixes
FindingsFindingsField & laboratory investigations of Field & laboratory investigations of
PMA mixes suggest:PMA mixes suggest:Enhanced PerformanceEnhanced Performance
25 to 100 % increase in service life25 to 100 % increase in service life3 to 10 years increase in service life3 to 10 years increase in service life
Reduced Maintenance ActivitiesReduced Maintenance ActivitiesCrew SafetyCrew SafetyTraffic DelayTraffic Delay
Estimate of Enhanced Estimate of Enhanced Performance Based on Performance Based on
Damage AnalysisDamage Analysis
00.5
11.5
22.5
0 10 20 30 40 50
Age, years
Dam
age
Inde
x
Conventional HMA Mixtures PMA Mixtures
FindingFindingMechanisticMechanistic--empirical analysis empirical analysis confirms need for confirms need for different different calibration factorscalibration factors for for predicting performance of PMA predicting performance of PMA mixes.mixes.
0102030405060
0 1 2 3 4
Damage Index
Area
Fat
igue
Cra
ckin
g,
%PMA Sections
ObservationObservation
Longitudinal cracking in wheel path is much lower in PMA mixes, as compared to conventional-unmodified mixes.
Products from StudyProducts from Study1.1. Detailed Study ReportDetailed Study Report2.2. Executive Summary of FindingsExecutive Summary of Findings3.3. Guidelines for Application & UseGuidelines for Application & Use
PavementPavementStructuralStructural
DesignDesign
Life CycleLife CycleCostCost
AnalysisAnalysis
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Thank you for your attention Thank you for your attention --Any questions?Any questions?
Contact Information:Contact Information:Mark Mark BuncherBuncherAsphalt InstituteAsphalt InstituteTim Tim GlanzemanGlanzemanEE--mail: mail: Phone: (832) 204Phone: (832) 204--54615461Cell: (832) 860Cell: (832) 860--10601060