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Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer in the Arroyo Sco6 David Cher Arroyo Seco Founda<on May 2015

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Page 1: Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ in+the+Arroyo+May 07, 2015  · Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ • PSHB+or+Euwallaceasp. + • Invasive+beetle,+probably+ from+Vietnam+originally+ • Observedonover110

Polyphagous  Shot  Hole  Borer  in  the  Arroyo  

Sco6  David  Cher  Arroyo  Seco  Founda<on  

May  2015  

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Polyphagous  Shot  Hole  Borer  •  PSHB  or  Euwallacea  sp.  •  Invasive  beetle,  probably  

from  Vietnam  originally  •  Observed  on  over  110  

plant  species  in  California;  31  reproduc<ve  host  species  and  coun<ng.  

•  First  observed  in  Los  Angeles  in  2003;  not  linked  to  tree  injury  un<l  2012.  

Photo  credit:  Eskalen  Lab,  UC  Riverside  

Page 3: Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ in+the+Arroyo+May 07, 2015  · Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ • PSHB+or+Euwallaceasp. + • Invasive+beetle,+probably+ from+Vietnam+originally+ • Observedonover110

Polyphagous  Shot  Hole  Borer  Polyphagous  =  poly  (many)  +  phagous  (feeding  and  a  specific  food)  

Photo  credit:  Arroyo  Seco  Founda<on  

Hole  0.85  mm  

Female  PSHB  1.8–2.5  mm  long  

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Poten<al  Ecological  Impacts  on  Southern  California  

•  Loss  of  trees  •  Loss  of  wildlife  habitat  •  Increased  risk  of  fire  •  Hazard  for  recrea<onal  users  •  Adverse  impact  on  food  system  

Page 5: Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ in+the+Arroyo+May 07, 2015  · Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ • PSHB+or+Euwallaceasp. + • Invasive+beetle,+probably+ from+Vietnam+originally+ • Observedonover110

The  Pest/Disease  Complex  

•  Female  PSHB  bores  galleries  in  tree.  •  Introduces  two  species  of  fungi,  which  it  feeds  on:  Fusarium  euwallaceae  and  Graphium  sp.  

•  Fungi  interrupt  the  tree’s  vascular  system,  causing  Fusarium  dieback  (FD).  

•  PSHB  reproduces  (3–4  genera<ons  annually),  offspring  usually  the  re-­‐infest  same  tree,  and  the  cycle  repeats  un<l  the  tree  dies.  

Page 6: Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ in+the+Arroyo+May 07, 2015  · Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ • PSHB+or+Euwallaceasp. + • Invasive+beetle,+probably+ from+Vietnam+originally+ • Observedonover110

Arroyo  Seco  Trees  at  Risk  •  Bigleaf  maple  (Acer  macrophyllum)  •  Box  elder  (Acer  negrundo)  •  White  alder  (Alnus  rhombifolia)  •  California  sycamore  (Platanus  racemosa)  •  Fremont  co6onwood  (Populus  fremon<i)  •  Coast  live  oak  (Quercus  agrifolia)  •  Engelmann  oak  (Quercus  engelmannii)  !!  •  Valley  oak  (Quercus  lobata)  •  Red  willow  (Salix  laevigata)  

Page 7: Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ in+the+Arroyo+May 07, 2015  · Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ • PSHB+or+Euwallaceasp. + • Invasive+beetle,+probably+ from+Vietnam+originally+ • Observedonover110

Some  Non-­‐Na<ve  Trees  at  Risk  

•  Japanese  maple  (Acer  palmatum)  •  Persimmon  (Diospyros  sp.)  •  Olive  (Olea  europaea)  •  Blue  palo  verde  (Parkinsonia  florida)  •  Avocado  (Persea  americana)  •  Cork  oak  (Quercus  suber)  •  Weeping  willow  (Salix  babylonica)  

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Signs  of  Infesta<on  

•  Round  entry/exit  hole  about  the  size  of  a  ballpoint  pen  head  

•  White  ring  around  hole  with  discolora<on/swea<ng.  

•  Details  vary  by  tree  species.  •  If  in  doubt,  bark  may  be  scraped  away  to  reveal  necrosis  around  hole.  Sterilize  tools  with  bleach  or  alcohol  solu<on  aherward  to  prevent  spreading  FD.  

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Photo  credit:  Arroyo  Seco  Founda<on   Photo  credit:  ucanr.edu/blogs/Safelandscapes  

Sycamore   Oak  

Page 10: Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ in+the+Arroyo+May 07, 2015  · Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ • PSHB+or+Euwallaceasp. + • Invasive+beetle,+probably+ from+Vietnam+originally+ • Observedonover110

Photo  credit:  Arroyo  Seco  Founda<on  

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Arroyo  Seco  Tree  Inventory    

•  Collabora<on  between  Pasadena  Department  of  Public  Works  and  Arroyo  Seco  Founda<on.  

•  Volunteers  are  collec<ng  data  from  the  Arroyo  Seco  and  adjacent  parks  in  Pasadena.  

•  Data  is  logged  and  mapped  using  Esri’s  Collector  for  ArcGIS  mobile  applica<on.  

•  Long-­‐term  vision:  data  can  be  used  to  develop  a  response  strategy,  a  restora<on  plan,  and  to  seek  funding.  

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What  Can  We  Do?  

•  On  a  large  scale,  we  s<ll  do  not  know.  •  Keep  an  eye  out  and  report  infesta<ons.  •  If  you  are  removing  an  infested  tree:  – Mulch  wood  to  pieces  smaller  than  ½  inch.  – Solarize  mulched  wood  on  site.  – Sterilize  tools  with  bleach  or  alcohol  solu<on  to  prevent  spreading  FD.  

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Don’t  Move  Infested  Wood  

Page 18: Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ in+the+Arroyo+May 07, 2015  · Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ • PSHB+or+Euwallaceasp. + • Invasive+beetle,+probably+ from+Vietnam+originally+ • Observedonover110

 We  need  your  help!  

 For  volunteer  informa<on,  contact:  

 Sco6  David  Cher  

[email protected]  (323)  405-­‐7326  

 arroyoseco.org/pshb  

Page 19: Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ in+the+Arroyo+May 07, 2015  · Polyphagous+ShotHole+Borer+ • PSHB+or+Euwallaceasp. + • Invasive+beetle,+probably+ from+Vietnam+originally+ • Observedonover110

 Informa<on  about  trees  in  Pasadena  

Darya  Barar  City  of  Pasadena,  Forestry  Opera<ons  

[email protected]  (626)  744-­‐3846  

 More  informa<on  and  to  report  infesta<ons:  

Dr.  Akif  Eskalen  [email protected]  

(951)  827-­‐3499  eskalenlab.ucr.edu