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Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background of the Study

The number of people who suffer from obesity has increased a lot, but things

are sad as teen obesity has reached an incredible high level. Teen obesity causes

are also hereditary, but without controlling what kids and teenagers eat, they will

be more and more overweight. Teen obesity has multiple consequences that affect

self-confidence and health. Teen obesity is the major cause of bulimia, blood flow

and heart disorders, as well as hormonal problems. Fast-food courts transformed

into a place where teenagers meet and have fun, but what they are eating is

completely wrong and unhealthy for them. It is a trend to attend these places, but

the effect is teen obesity that incorporates a lot of problem.

The best thing is to educate, inform and explain to teenagers what is healthy

for them and why. Use anything that may work as a demonstration to prove them

that it is true and show them the effects. Adapt your language to their level of

understanding and make sure they keep in mind the information and that apply it.

A great tip is to let them pick the food, but only the healthy one, so you will know

for sure if they got the point and make the right decisions. Beginning from an

early age, during teenage and maybe all their lives, will have no problems.

Here in the Philippines there are lots of herbal plants and also fruit that can

be an alternative medicine to treat some illness, an example is the pomelo.

Pomelo is distinguished from all other citrus fruits by its size – namely it is the

biggest of them all. Other commonly used names for this fruit are also Chinese

grapefruit, lusho fruit, jabong, papanas, shaddock etc. Other quality that

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differentiates it from its next of kin, i.e. the grapefruit, aside from the size has also

a much thicker skin. When it comes to the size, it ranges anywhere from 15 to 25

cm in diameter, and the weight is approximately 1-2 kg. The rind is in most cases

of pale green color, changing into yellow once the fruit becomes ripe. As far as

the climate is concerned, the ones that best suit pomelo are tropical climates, with

the fruit ripening in winter time.

Pomelo can help you lose weight because it has fat burning enzymes. These

enzymes absorb the sugar content in the body. The fruit can also be used as a

remedy for diabetes, insomnia, fever and sore throat. Pomelo is often called the

"Fat Melting Fruit" and fat-burning supplement, the theory being that the fruit's

low glycemic index is able to support the body's metabolism to burn fat. Pomelo

Seed contains the whole spectrum of the vitamin-B group, with a particularly high

content of Biotin, which is responsible for the utilization of dietary body fats,

facilitating the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins (and the utilization

of other B-complex vitamins). Some studies have also shown that pomelo helps to

lower cholesterol. According to 2010 data from Jerusalem’s Hebrew University

and Massachusetts General Hospital, Naringenin, a compound derived from the

pomelo was found to mimic the actions of some lipid-lowering pharmaceuticals in

animal models and shows potential as a naturally occurring-dietary supplement to

regulate lipid metabolism.

It is on this premises that we should conducted an experimental research on

the effectiveness of pomelo (Citrus Maxima) in order to have actual information

on how to help to reduce the weight of an obese BSN Level 3 student.

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B. Statement of the Problem

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Pomelo (Citrus maxima)

fruit in reducing weight among obese BSN Level 3 students in WMSU.

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following queries:

1. Is there a significant difference in the weight of the BSN students before

and after the introduction of Pomelo as an alternative weight reduction

approach?

2. What are the evidences of effectiveness of Pomelo as a weight reduction

alternative?

C. Significance of the Study

Obesity can weaken physical health and well-being, and can shorten life

expectancy. It can also lead to social disabilities and unhappiness, which may

cause stress and even mental illness. We all know that the development of a

personal identity and body image is an important goal for adolescents, but obesity

becomes an obstacle in achieving this goal.

Nowadays, weight reducing products are available in the market. But surely,

they are costly, at times ineffective and post health threats. Students even turn to

unhealthy ways to save money to avail these products such as skipping meals.

This study that uses Pomelo (Citrus maxima) fruit aimed to help obese BSN

Level 3 students to achieve their ideal weight and promoted a healthier body in a

cheap and easy approach. This study even promoted losing weight without

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altering the regular diet of the respondents. This study may also be a proof to the

claims that the Pomelo fruit is an effective weight reducer.

This fruit is widely available in Zamboanga city. Most homes also have this

tree on their backyards.

D. Scope and Delimitations

This study focused on the use of Pomelo (Citrus maxima) fruit as an effective

weight reducing alternative. This study is delimited to BSN Level 3 students in

the Western Mindanao State University with ages 15- 20 years old and who are

considered Obese Grade I to Grade III according to the Body Mass Index (BMI)

WHO Classification.

This study was conducted to include all weighing sessions for 6 weeks. It

utilized accurate monitoring for the whole duration of the experiment.

This study recommends for a better, cheaper and safer way for reducing

weight among obese BSN Level 3 students.

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Chapter II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Review of Literature

POMELO

The pomelo (Citrus maxima) fruit is the largest of all citrus fruits with a very

thick rind and filled with a sweetish yellow or pink flesh. The pomelo tree is

about 5 to 15 meters tall. Pomelo is big (larger than grapefruits), 10-25 cm in

diameter, with a thick spongy rind. At maturity the fruits are handpicked. They

can be stored for several months. According to Hein Bijlmakers, an agricultural

development adviser, pomelo is originally found in Thailand and Malaysia. Some

pomelos can be found in the Mediterranean, tropical America and Australia, but

its main distribution is in South-East Asia and some other Asian countries. For

growth, it prefers hot and humid climate.

There are many uses of pomelo. As a food, the pomelo fruit is eaten fresh or

processed into juice. The rind is candied or used in jams. Malays boil the rind in

syrup. For cooking purposes, it is sometimes used in place of grapefruit.

Furthermore, pomelo can be also be used as a medicine. The Chinese eat the

sweet and sour fruit is eaten to fortify the lungs and the spleen. They make

various medicaments from the seeds, flowers, mature peel, and slices of young

fruit by usually drying them up. It is used in treating cough, swellings, vomiting,

indigestion, in removing phlegm and resolving alcohol toxins and hangover. The

Malays eat the fruit to treat abdominal pains, oedema and phlegm. The leaves are

boiled into a lotion and applied on swellings and ulcers (Thulaja, 2003). Pomelo

is an excellent source of Vitamin C and potassium.

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Food Uses. The skinned segments can be broken apart and used in salads and

desserts or made into preserves. The extracted juice is an excellent beverage. The

peel can be candied.

Food Value Per 100 g of Edible Portion*

Calories 25-58

Moisture 84.82-94.1 g

Protein 0.5-0.74 g

Fat 0.2-0.56 g

Carbohydrates 6.3-12.4 g

Fiber 0.3-0.82 g

Ash 0.5-0.86 g

Calcium 21-30 mg

Phosphorus 20-27 mg

Iron 0.3-0.5 mg

Vitamin A 20 I.U.

Thiamine 0.04-0.07 mg

Riboflavin 0.02 mg

Niacin 0.3 mg

Ascorbic Acid 30-43 mg

*Analyses made in China and the United States.

Toxicity. Like that of other citrus fruits, the peel of the pummelo contains

skin irritants, mainly limonene and terpene, also citral, aldehydes, geraniol,

cadinene and linalool, which may cause dermatitis in individuals having excessive

contact with the oil of the outer peel. Harvesters, workers in processing factories,

and housewives may develop chronic conditions on the fingers and hands.

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Other Uses. The flowers are highly aromatic and gathered in North Vietnam

for making perfume. The wood is heavy, hard, tough, fine-grained and suitable for

making tool handles (Morton, 1987).

Medicinal Uses: Pomelo is also used as a medicine. In the Philippines and

Southeast Asia, decoctions of the leaves, flowers, and rind are given for their

sedative effect in cases of epilepsy, chorea and convulsive coughing. The hot leaf

decoction is applied on swellings and ulcers. The fruit juice is taken as a

febrifuge. The sarcocarps are employed against coughs, dyspepsia and lumbago.

Gum that exudes from declining trees is collected and taken as a cough remedy in

Brazil. An essence prepared from the flowers is taken to overcome insomnia, also

as a stomachic and cardiac tonic. The pulp is considered an effective aid in the

treatment of urinary disorders. Leaf extractions have shown antibiotic activity

(Admin, 2009).

Pomelo can help you lose weight because it has fat burning enzymes. These

enzymes absorb the sugar content in the body. Pomelo is often called the "Fat

Melting Fruit" and fat-burning supplement, the theory being that the fruit's low

glycemic index is able to support the body's metabolism to burn fat. Pomelo Seed

contains the whole spectrum of the vitamin-B group, with a particularly high

content of Biotin, which is responsible for the utilization of dietary body fats,

facilitating the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins (and the utilization

of other B-complex vitamins). Some studies have also shown that pomelo helps to

lower cholesterol. According to 2010 data from Jerusalem’s Hebrew University

and Massachusetts General Hospital, Naringenin, a compound derived from the

pomelo was found to mimic the actions of some lipid-lowering pharmaceuticals in

animal models and shows potential as a naturally occurring-dietary supplement to

regulate lipid metabolism.

8

According to Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin,

Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline

(1998) biotin plays a key role in the metabolism of lipids, proteins and

carbohydrates. It acts as a critical coenzyme of four carboxylases (enzymes):

acetyl-CoA carboxylase (involved in the synthesis of fatty acids from

acetate)

propionyl-CoA carboxylase (involved in gluconeogenesis, i.e. the

generation of glucose from lactate, glycerol, and amino acids)

b-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (necessary for the metabolism of

leucin, an essential amino acid)

pyruvate carboxylase (involved in energy metabolism, necessary for the

metabolism of amino acids, cholesterol, and odd chain fatty acids)

Biotin also plays a special role in enabling the body to use blood glucose as a

major source of energy for body fluids.

Citrus fruits include grapefruit, lemons, limes, tangerines, and oranges. They

are best eaten fresh and are high in vitamin C as well as a wide range of nutrients

and protective phyto-chemicals like pectin and naringenin. When eaten raw they

are a good source of soluble and insoluble fiber. By adding Citrus Fruits to the

daily diet, one can greatly increase metabolism, increase ability to get rid of fat

and, hence, citrus fruits can be called as an effective weight-loss weapon. It has

been shown that people can actually eat large quantities of food without

consuming too many calories by choosing foods high in fiber and water content.

Besides being a refreshing source for the mind and body, citrus fruits have been

also recognized for their numerous other health benefits.

According to researchers, Vitamin C & naringenin, found abundantly in all

citrus fruits, have a fat burning quality.

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Vitamin C

Vitamin C reduces the effectiveness of fat. It reduces its content and can

liquefy or dilute fat. By diluting the fat, it makes it less effective, and easier to

flush out of your system. Vitamin C also works on cholesterol deposits. Vitamin

C can help burn out the cholesterol, hence, making it difficult for cholesterol

deposits to form in blood vessels.

Naringenin – A phytonutrients present in citrus fruits

Citrus fruits mainly consist of various water-soluble plant pigments

collectively called as flavonoids. Of all the flavonoids, the most abundant one is

naringenin, a naturally occurring alkaline compound in all citrus fruit, but most

significantly in grapefruit, orange and tomato.

Naringenin has a significantly positive bioactive effect on human health as

a fat blaster (weight loss agent), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent,

carbohydrate metabolism promoter and immunity system modulator. (Mulvihill et

al., Diabetes journal, July 10, 2009).

OBESITY

Overweight and obesity, as defined by the World Health Organization, are

abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. A crude

population measure of obesity is the body mass index (BMI), a person’s weight

(in kilograms) divided by the square of his or her height (in metres). A person

with a BMI of 30 or more is generally considered obese. A person with a BMI

equal to or more than 25 is considered overweight. Overweight and obesity are

major risk factors for a number of chronic diseases, including diabetes,

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cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Once considered a problem only in high

income countries, overweight and obesity are now dramatically on the rise in low-

and middle-income countries, particularly in urban settings. Overweight and

obesity are the fifth leading risk for global deaths. At least 2.8 million adults die

each year as a result of being overweight or obese. In addition, 44% of the

diabetes burden, 23% of the ischaemic heart disease burden and between 7% and

41% of certain cancer burdens are attributable to overweight and obesity (WHO,

2011). In the Philippines, 19% of the population is overweight and 4% are obese,

as reported by Jessica Soho in a television show.

The Body Mass Index (BMI) also known as Quetelet Index is considered as

the best body mass index for adult population groups. It measures body fatness

and adiposity. (Santos, et al. 2009)

BMI (WHO Classification)

Category BMI Range

CED (Chronic Energy Deficiency)

Grade III Less than 16

Grade II 16.0 – 16.9Grade I 17.0 – 18.4

LOWNormal 18.5 – 19.5

Normal 20.0 – 24.9

OBESEGrade I 25.0 – 29.9

Grade II 30.0 – 39.9Grade III 40 and over

The World Health Organization also recommends the following guidelines

for determining obesity for certain age groups; (Tienboon et al, 1992, p21).

Age (years) BMI(kg/m)

<14 19-20

15 25

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>16 28

Growth charts, such as weight-for-age and weight-for-height, are more

frequently used to determine if children are overweight/obese rather than using

BMI. 

Obesity is a multi-factorial disorder with major contribution from the

environment and the genome. The maintenance of a large number of genetic

variants within the genome that give rise to increased adipose tissue mass may be

explained by the process of natural selection. It has been hypothesised that during

human evolution there was selection for any genotype that favours energy storage

because this would enhance survival during periods of famine. Famine is known

to be an important and consistent occurrence during the evolution of the human

species. However, this genotype is only advantageous under conditions of food

scarcity and is deleterious in conditions where food availability is high and energy

expenditure is low i.e. the prevailing environment! Thus, obesity is the result of

an unfavourable interaction between our current environment and our ancient

genome. The process of natural selection is not fast enough to modify our genome

in response to rapid changes in environmental conditions. This genomic inertia

has led to many mass extinction events during the life course of planet Earth. The

only solution to the problem of the obesity epidemic is therefore a rapid change in

environmental conditions to better match our present genetic make-up. Such

changes must occur at the individual level and be encouraged by changes at the

population level. However, societal inertia is a major stumbling block and it is

therefore possible that the ultimate demise of the human species will be the result

of a clash between a highly evolved genome, sculpted by millennia of fine tuning

and a human-built, change-resistant environment crudely cobbled into existence

over mere decades (Crowther, 2009).

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Stated in the official website of Stanford Hospitals and Clinics, the health

effects associated with obesity include, but are not limited to, the following: high

blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, joint problems including osteoarthritis,

sleep apnea and respiratory problems, cancer, and metabolic syndrome. For

instance, being overweight/obese tends to raise blood levels of LDL cholesterol

and VLDL cholesterol which is generally considered to be a mild indicator of

heart disease risk (Conopio, 1990). Obesity also has psychosocial effects. In a

culture where often the ideal of physical attractiveness is to be overly thin, people

who are overweight or obese frequently suffer disadvantages. Overweight and

obese persons are often blamed for their condition and may be considered to be

lazy or weak-willed. It is not uncommon for overweight or obese conditions to

result in persons having lower incomes or having fewer or no romantic

relationships. Disapproval of overweight persons expressed by some individuals

may progress to bias, discrimination, and even torment.

Dr. Sidney Wolfe, director of the Health Research Group, said that "the

possibility that the drug will only do the good things like lose weight and not have

myriad effects on the body -- is zero" (Park, CNN 2011). Moreover, “natural or

herbal weight loss drugs and supplements are equally dangerous as synthetic

weight loss drugs because they are contaminated with materials that are not

tolerated by the human body and may cause debilitating side effects, even death”,

says Trisha Torrey.

B. Related Studies

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A 2010 study by the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Thailand,

discovered that pomelo is a better source of flavonoids than a number of other

tropical fruits like guava, durian and papaya. The research also demonstrated that

pomelo is an excellent source of dietary fiber (Bilton, 2011).

According to Sean Nokes, Pomelo is a great food content. It provides us with

all the kinds of things that we need. We should know that we are required to get

foods that mean health to our body. Pomelo is highly upheld due to its nutritional

value that makes it a good pick for anyone who want to ensure that the foods are

going to do no harm to the body. The scientific research carried on the pomelo

shows that it can help the body to increase its resistance towards infection. It

contains vitamin C which has the power to detoxify the blood and make the skin

glow. If you are trying to lose some pounds, then, pomelo is a good choice. It

contains no fat yet it will ensure that your body is strong as you try to go through

the weight loss regime.

If you have problem with controlling your blood pressure, you should

consider taking the pomelo as it is rich in potassium. Even though it does not take

the place of the hypertension drugs, it will help you to control the condition

effectively. You have to talk to your doctor about and once you get a go ahead to

use the pomelo, then you can do so. It will protect you from strokes and other

conditions that can result from high blood pressure.

With an increased immunity, you can be sure that you will be able to feel

better as there are no opportunistic infections that can come your way. You have

to be aware of the things that you have to avoid. They include other unhealthy

foods such fats or alcohol and tobacco. The choice of foods will enhance the

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functioning of the pomelo. If you are on the right diets, it will promote the

absorption of the calcium in the foods.

However, medics advice us not to take too much of the pomelo as it can

result to a liver condition. If the pomelo has a weird taste, then you should not

consume it. It can be counterproductive. It is the same case if you overuse it.

Some of the signs that you see are vomiting and nausea. This is a pointer to the

fact that pomelo has be taken beyond the recommendable limit (Nokes, 2011).

Since pomelo is a fiber-rich fruit, it can probably help people lose some

pounds. According to Kathleen M. Zelman, MPH, RD, LD, author of High-fiber

Diets and Weight Loss, “Eating healthy high-fiber foods makes you feel full, so

you can resist eating more food than you need. Fibrous foods also can take longer

to chew, giving your brain time to get the signal that you have had enough to eat.”

Fiber also moves fat through our digestive system faster so that less of it is

absorbed.

US study – Naringenin, a key to fighting obesity

In 2006, a scientific study was performed by the Florida Department of

Citrus at the California Scripp's Clinic. It was found that by adding 4 ounces of

grapefruit juice or half a grapefruit to meals, participants had an average weight

loss of 3 1/2 pounds a week without altering their diet in any other way.

Researchers believed a compound, naringenin, in the grapefruit helped the liver

lower cholesterol and also helped regulate insulin levels. Both of these factors had

a significant impact on overall weight reduction of the subjects. It should be noted

that obesity constitutes the main part of the “metabolic syndrome” that is also

characterized by hypertension, elevated blood cholesterol and disturbed glucose

and insulin metabolism.

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Canadian study – Naringenin, as an effective weight reducer and maintainer

In another study performed at the Roberts Research Institute at the

University of Western Ontario, the study mice were divided into four groups.

They fed one group a normal, healthy diet. The second group received a high-fat,

high-calorie diet. The third and fourth groups received a high-fat, high-calorie diet

along with a naringenin supplement. After just four weeks, the mice on the high-

fat, high-calorie diet became obese. In addition, they became insulin and glucose

intolerant. On the other hand, the two groups who received the naringenin

supplement fared much better. Despite the same high-fat, high-calorie diet, these

mice did not gain weight like their counterparts. In addition, the naringenin mice

did not develop key health factors linked to Metabolic Syndrome. In fact, they

lowered their triglyceride and cholesterol levels. They also continued to

metabolize glucose normally and they never developed a resistance to insulin. At

the end of the study, it was found that naringenin had marked lipid- and

lipoprotein-lowering potential, without affecting caloric intake or fat absorption.

It was also found that naringenin, in concentrations far above levels found

naturally, makes the liver burn fat instead of storing it. These effects were

independent of caloric intake as the mice ate exactly the same amount of food and

the same amount of fat. There was no suppression of appetite or decreased food

intake, which are often the basis of strategies to reduce weight gain and its

metabolic consequences. As a conclusion, it was suggested that naringenin

metabolizes hepatic VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) production, improves

glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and prevents obesity associated with

high-fat diet (Mulvihill et al., Diabetes journal, July 10, 2009).

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C. Conceptual Framework

Pre-Intervention Post-Intervention

Experimental Phase

Figure 1. A One-Group Pretest- Post-test Design of the Study

In the Pre-Intervention phase, it involved the weighing of the subject before

the introduction of Pomelo.

The Experimental Phase was the treatment of Pomelo as a weight reduction

approach.

The Post- Intervention Phase was the weighing of the subjects after

introduction of Pomelo. Also, this includes evaluation for effectiveness of Pomelo

as a weight reduction approach.

D. Assumption

1. Pomelo is effective for weight reduction

2. There is a significant difference in the weights of the subjects before and

after introduction of Pomelo as an alternative weight reduction approach.

Weight BeforePomelo As Weight

Reduction ApproachWeight After

Evidence of Effectiveness

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E. Definition of Terms

Body Mass Index (BMI)- A weight-to-height ration, calculated by dividing

one’s weight in kg by the square of one’s height in meters and used as

an indicator of obesity and underweight.

Ideal weight- a weight that is believed to be maximally healthful for a person,

based chiefly on height but modified by factors such as gender, age,

build, and degree of muscular development.

Obesity- is an abnormal accumulation of body fat usually 20% or more oven

an Individual’s ideal body weight. Obesity is associated with increased

risk of illness, disability and death.

Regular Diet of the Respondents- is the respondents’ normal daily intake of

food, with no alteration in amount or in the number of times of eating.

Weight Loss- A decrease in body weight resulting from either voluntary (diet,

exercise) or involuntary (illness) circumstances. Most instances of

weight loss arise due to the loss of body fat, but in cases of extreme or

severe weight loss, protein and other substances in the body can also be

depleted.

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Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

A. Research Design

This study utilized an Experimental Design specifically Pre-experimental type

wherein the respondents was randomly assigned to 3 groups A, B and C and

underwent treatment of Pomelo fruit at different amounts. There was no control

group. The pretest was the weighing of respondents before treatment of Pomelo

and the post-test was the weighing of respondents after treatment of Pomelo fruit.

This study proved the hypothesis mathematically utilizing statistical analysis.

And the only variable tested and manipulated in this study is the amount of the

Pomelo taken by the respondents.

B. Sampling Design

a. Research Locale

This study conducted in 2 settings: The actual weighing and the selection of

target respondents done at Western Mindanao State University- College of

Nursing.

Subsequently, the treatment with Pomelo fruit conducted in the respondents’

respective houses.

b. Sampling Technique

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This study utilized a non-probability sampling technique specifically the

Purposive sampling method wherein the 9 willing obese respondents among the

BSN Level 3 students selected.

c. Samples

The respondents for this study are the BSN students, aging 15-20 years old

belonging to the obese group in the classification of Body Mass Index.

From the 9 respondents, there were 3 groups namely Group A, B and C.

Group A received 100 grams of Pomelo, Group B 200 grams and Group C

300grams. This was done to determine if the amount of Pomelo taken affected the

total weight loss. There was a weekly weighing to monitor the weight loss and it

was totaled at the end of 6 weeks.

C. Research Instrument

The study utilized the Body Mass Index (BMI) Chart as basis of the

classification of the weights of respondents. It also utilized an Interview Guide for

the pre-assessment of the subjects for the study.

D. Reliability and Validity

Each weighing scale used in this study was subjected to a Pretest, ensured the

reliability and validity of results.

The 3 weighing scales for Pomelo are tested by weighing 1 Pomelo using each

weighing scale. The weight readings did not exceed 2 grams below or above each

weight to be considered reliable.

20

For the single weighing scale used to weigh the respondents, 1 researcher was

weighed 3 times. The weight readings did not also exceed 5 grams below or

above each weight considered reliable.

E. Plan for Data Gathering

Prior to the data gathering, the respondents was oriented about the study,

emphasized the duration of the research, the amount of Pomelo taken after lunch

everyday and the weekly monitoring of weights.

For the baseline data, the respondents was weighed before the treatment of

Pomelo. In this study, the recommended amount of Pomelo fruit per group was

prepared. These was packed and distributed to each respondent, received packed

Pomelo good for 3 days. They were instructed to take 1 pack of Pomelo anytime

after lunch without altering their regular diet. It was also be advised that taking

pomelos after dinner may yield better result.

Weights were taken weekly, every Saturday morning with each respondent

wearing the same clothing every weighing session. The clothing was provided to

ensure the validity and reliability if the weights to be taken. This was done for a

total of 6 weeks.

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F. Plan for Data Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation

The result of this study was presented in a combination of textual, tabular and

graphical forms; this showed the relationship of results accurately. The data

gathered also was subjected to t-test to prove the significant difference of the

respondents’ weights before and after the treatment of Pomelo fruit.

G. Ethical Considerations

  In all countries, research works that involve human subjects and animals

should be carried out in accordance with high ethical standards set by various

ethics committee. The privacy and dignity of every individual to be involved in

this research will be protected. The respondents will be assured of confidentiality

and anonymity through identification coding and reports of aggregate data. The

respondents will be notified of the aims, methods, expected outcome, benefits and

potential hazards of this study.

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Santos, Leah B, et.al. (2009). Readings and Laboratory Manual in NuDiet

101 (Nutrition with Diet Therapy) for Nursing and Allied Courses.

WMSU. CHE. pg 17.

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Morton, J. (1987). Fruits of Warm Climates. p. 147–151. Pummelo. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/pummelo.html#Other%20Uses

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Rutishauser I., Tienboon P., Wahlqvist M. (1992). ) Asia Pacific J Clinic Nutr, 1. pp 21-22. Early Life Factors Affecting Body Mass Index and Waist-Hip Ratio in Adolescence. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.healthyeatingclub.com/info/articles/infant child/childhood-obesity.htm#Tienboon,P

Kaewsarn, P., Saikaew, W., Saikaew, W. (2009). World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 56 2009 pg 287-291. Pomelo Peel: Agricultural Waste for Biosorption of Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solutions. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://www.waset.org/journals/waset/v56/v56-56.pdf

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Torrey, T. (2010, May 2). Natural or Herbal Weight Loss Drugs and Supplements - Contaminated and Dangerous. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http://patients.about.com/od/patientempowermentissues/a/weightlossdrugs.htm

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WHO. (2011). Obesity and Overweight. Retrieved February 15, 2012, from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/index.html

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APPENDIX A

INTERVIEW GUIDE

NAME:______________________________________

ADDRESS:_______________________________________________________

YEAR LEVEL:________ SECTION:_____

SEX:_____ AGE:______

QUESTIONS:1. What is your regular diet?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Why do you want to lose weight?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What methods did you take to lose weight?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Are they successful? Why or why not?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. Is this your first time to hear that Pomelo can help you reduce weight? What do you think about this?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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APPENDIX BRepublic of the Philippines

WESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITYCollege of NursingZamboanga City

LETTER OF CONSENT

To whom it may concern:

I,______________________________ , _____ years of age and resident

of ___________________________, voluntarily submit myself and express my

willingness to participate in the research to be conducted by the Western

Mindanao State University Level 3 SY 2010-2011 BSN students on the study

titled “EFFECTIVENESS OF POMELO (Citrus maxima) AS A WEIGHT

REDUCTION ALTERNATIVE AMONG OBESE BSN LEVEL III

STUDENTS”.

My signature affixed below signifies my full cooperation and participation

in all activities that the group is planning to undertake.

_________________________ _____________________ Signature over Printed Name Date

27

Republic of the PhilippinesWESTERN MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

College of NursingZamboanga City

BEHAVIORAL CONTRACT

I,______________________________ , _____ years of age agree to make the following behaviors:

Take the prescribed amount of Pomelo given by the researchers anytime after lunch but before sleep for the whole duration of the research.

Not make any alterations in my regular diet, exercise or activity to help the researchers gather valid and reliable results.

Not take any diet pills, drinks and the likes to achieve a valid and reliable result of my weight loss through the use of Pomelo.

Immediately notify the researchers of any unusual effects when taking pomelo.

Signed:

______________________________ _____________________ Signature over Printed Name Date

Researchers: Aldrich B. Arquiza _________________Sarah Merdan C. Bensali _________________Lorelee Ninia O. Espaldon _________________Hanna Joy H. Hirang _________________Kathleen Mona R. Napao _________________Christopher Philip M. Pelayo _________________Kharren A. Reyes _________________Marlo Rene D.R. Solis _________________Chrissele Joyce P. Tacurian _________________

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APPENDIX C

INTERVIEW GUIDE

NAME:______________________________________

ADDRESS:_______________________________________________________

YEAR LEVEL:________ SECTION:_____

SEX:_____ AGE:______

QUESTIONS:1. What effects did you experience when eating pomelo?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Do you think it had been an effective weight reduction alternative for you? Why or why not?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Does eating pomelo affect your daily life? If yes, how does it affect you?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. For you, is pomelo safe for loosing weight? Why?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What would you recommend for this research to be more effective?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________