population growth. worldwide population year 2000 –6.1 billion inhabitants year 2030 –8 billion...
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Population Growth
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Worldwide Population
• Year 2000– 6.1 billion inhabitants
• Year 2030– 8 billion inhabitants
• Year 2050– 9 billion inhabitants
200,000 people a day are being added!
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• Beginning of human existence– Growth rate was about 0– Hunting and gathering kept numbers small
• Modern era of population growth– Late 1700’s– Accelerated in late 1800’s– After WWII, population increased dramatically
in less developed countries
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Mortality Revolution
• Population growth due to falling death rates– Not because of increased birth rates
– Improved food supply– Improved sanitation– Increased living standards
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Rate of Natural Increase
• Birthrate
• Death rate (mortality rate)
Subtract the death rate from the birthrate.
Convert to a percentage by adding a decimal point between tens and ones place
The world’s growth rate was 1.4% in 2000
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Doubling Time
• Approximate number of years it will take for a population to double in size
• Calculated by dividing 69 (mathematical constant used for compounding percentages) by the rate of natural increase
Example: For US 69/.8 = 86 years
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Analyzing Population Pyramids
• Shows sex and age distribution• Can examine how events affect the
population– Wars– Famines– Epidemics
• Determines population growth of specific age groups
• Can be used in determining public policy
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Migration
• Push Factors– Those that cause
people to leave a location
• Pull Factors– Those that attract
people to a new location
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Demographic Transition Model
• Model that shows how birthrates and death rates dropped as Western countries developed modern economies and industries
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• Stage One– Birthrates and death rate both high– Lots of children, but poor health conditions
mean many do not live– Population does not grow much (stable)
• Stage Two– Death rates fall due to improvements in health
care– Move from rural to urban areas (improved
agriculture)– End-birthrates begin to fall per urban
populations
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• Stage Three– Birthrates and death rates are low– Total population growth is low– Stage of economically advanced countries– Transition from agricultural society to urban
industrial society
• No countries in stage 1
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Future Trends
• Most countries seeing falling birthrates
• Future growth based on “momentum”
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Practice
• United States– Birthrate 15– Death rate 7
• Rate of Natural Increase
• Algeria– Birthrate 23– Death rate 5
• Rate of Natural Increase
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Practice
• Africa– Birthrate 42– Death rate 13
• Latin America– Birthrate 27– Death rate 7
• North America– Birthrate16– Death rate 9
• Asia– Birthrate 25– Death rate 8
• Europe– Birthrate 12– Death rate 11
• Oceania– Birthrate 20– Death rate 8