population issues problems & solutions. definitions demography is the study of population and...
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Population IssuesProblems & Solutions
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definitions
Demography is the study of population and its changing patterns.
Population growth rate is the rate at which a country’s population grows per year. It is expressed as a %.
Birth rates are the number of live births per year per 1000 population.
Death or mortality rates are the number of deaths per year per 1000 population.
Natural increase is when birth rates are higher than death rates.
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population distribution
The distribution of people across the earth’s surface is highly uneven.
Sparsely settled areas are those with low population densities.
Densely settled areas contain more than 110 people per km².
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china
Population: 1 339 724 852 (2010)
Area: 9 585 000 km²
Average Population Density: 139.8
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china
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australia
Population: 22 599 547 (2011)
Area: 7 692 024 km²
Average Population Density: 2.9
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australia
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population movements
• Internal displacement of people
• Refugee movements
• Immigration
• Temporary labour migration
• Rural urban drift
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population issues
Environmental Degradation
• Unsustainable growth rates
• Overuse and misuse of natural resources
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population issues
Overpopulation
• Too many people relative to the amount of natural resources and technology available (usually in LDC’s)
• Unemployment and under employment
• Loss of traditional cultures
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population issues
Poverty in Cities in LDC Countries:
• More concentrated in urban areas
• Rural urban drift
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population issues
Aging Population
• MDC Countries eg: Australia, Japan
• Burden on government budgets
• Working population decreases
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population issues
Dependency Ratio
• Higher in Less Developed Countries
• Inadequate education and health services
• Future employment
• Population pyramids page 25
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why people have children?
• They want someone to support them in their old age
• Many of their children die prematurely
• Method of coping with poverty – more children means more help
• Religious and cultural expectations
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solutions
Reducing Population Growth
• Improved sanitation and health services
• Expanding educational facilities
• Improved employment opportunities
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solutions
Education of Women/Gender Equality
• Reduced fertility rates
• Reduced infant and maternal mortality
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solutions
Family Planning
• Allows women to limit number of children and decide when to have them
• Costs of contraception lower than providing food, education, health care
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task
Report on Population Issues
You are a researcher from the Australian National University specialising in demography. You have been asked to write a report comparing the different types of problems faced in relation to population by countries at different levels of development in the AAP region.
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task
Your report should include:• Outline the problems associated with population growth
and decline, using examples from various countries in the region.
• Outline solutions and policies being employed to overcome the problems being faced. You should also include an evaluation of these problems
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assessment
Criteria 3: Use evidence to support reasoned opinions on issues of the Australia, Asia and Pacific region.
Criteria 5: Apply problem solving skills to a range of contemporary issues with Australia, Asia and the Pacific region.
Criteria 7: Apply knowledge and understanding in real and hypothetical contexts relevant to Australia, Asia and the Pacific region.
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writing a report
Reports MUST adhere to the following format requirements:• have a title, headings and subheadings
Title: Population Report comparing China and Japan
Heading: Population Problems
Subheading: Environmental Degradation
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writing a report
• Use a numbering system for sections/sub-sections.
1. Population Problems
A. Environmental Degradation
B. Overpopulation
• Maps, graphs, charts, tables may be included within the report or attached as appendices. They MUST be referred to and discussed within the report.
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writing a report
Introduction• Define what you are going to talk about – purpose of
your report• Give any necessary background information (be specific)
to provide context• Indicate the scope of the report - what it will cover
Conclusion• Sum up the main points of the report• Don’t include any new information here• Give any recommendations
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writing a report
Referencing
• You MUST include a reference list to show where you found your information
• If you quote another source, it is important to include in-text referencing to recognise this
• Use the referencing guidelines on the blog as a guide