populations. day 1 - ecology and populations bell- what is ecology what is a population? agenda...
TRANSCRIPT
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Populations
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DAY 1 - Ecology and PopulationsBell- What is Ecology
What is a Population?
AGENDA
Ecology Intro
Bacteria growth
Corn Growth
HW - Embed a symbiosis video on the wiki site
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Ecology
study of interactions between organisms (biotic factors) and environment (abiotic factors).
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Biotic Factors
living organisms
Plants, animals, fungi, protists, bacteria
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Abiotic Factors
Abiotic Factors-Non living factors
rock, sun, air, water, temperature
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Organization of LifeBiosphere
Biome
Ecosystem
community
population
species
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Ecology
Biosphere-Portion of earth that supports life.
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Biomes - terrestrial and aquatic
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EcosystemInteracting populations in communities with all factors.
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Community
collection of interacting populations.
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Day 2 - Populations
Bell: What is a population?
AGENDASymbiotic RelationshipsPopulation GrowthPop Goes the Planet HW - Email a
symbiosis video
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Population- group of organisms of one species living in same place.
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Organism Interactions
Symbiosis- relationship with close and permanent association among organisms of different species.
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Types of Symbiosis
CommensalismMutualismParasitism
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Commensalismone organism benefits and the other organism is neither benefited nor harmed.
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Mutualism
both species benefit
http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/kids/animals-pets-kids/bugs-kids/ant-acacia-kids/
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one organism benefits while the other organism is harmed
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMG-LWyNcAs
Parasitism
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Population GrowthPopulation - same species in a given area
4 ways
Birth
Death
Immigration
Emigration
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Population growth - bacteria
QuickTime™ and ampeg4 decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Population growth
Graph a Bacteria population
Bacteria divide every 20 minutes
Create a line graph that shows the Population Growth of bacteria over a 3 hour and 20 minute period. Assume that the population starts with 1 bacteria and there are unlimited resources.
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Corn Graph
Create another graph: population of corn
How many seeds does each generation produce?
Create Graph of showing 10 years (generations). Assume that only 30 kernels become plants each year.
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Bacteria and CornDO the graphs have similar shape
What does it look like? Letter?
Exhibit Exponential Growth
J- Curve
Population will grow exponentially with unlimited resources
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OH DEER
Deer simulation - OUTSIDE
10 Years (rounds)
Deer vs. Shelter, Food, Water
Create a graph showing the deer population
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OH DeerDemonstrates Logistic Growth (S-Curve)
Population Grows to Carrying Capacity
Carrying Capacity is determined by Limiting Factors
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Logistic Growth
Limiting Factors - Lower population size
Competition
PredationDisease (including Parasitism)Natural disasters (ex. Drought)Human Disturbance
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Human Population1492 - 2/ minute
1940 - 40
1950 - 88
1970 - 138
1995- 176
2000- 168
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Human Population
What Type of Growth are we experiencing?Can it continue?
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Day 3 - Populations
Watch Video - decide on relationship
AGENDALimiting FactorsEnergy FlowNatural Selection Lab
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Limiting Factors
Which are Density Dependent?Competition, Predation, Disease
Which are Density Independent?
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Energy Flow✦ Energy from the sun enters an
ecosystem through photosynthesis
✦ plants use light energy to make sugars (carbohydrates)
✦ energy is used to carry out daily activities
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Bell Ringer
✦ If a stream is too warm to support Trout, is that a biotic or abiotic factor?
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Answer:
✦ Abiotic
Abiotic Factors-Non living factors
rock, sun, air, water, temperature
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Producer vs. Consumer
✦ Autotroph= Producer:
✦ an organism that makes its own food;
✦ receives direct energy from the sun
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Producer vs. Consumer✦ Consumer: an organism that gets its
energy by eating other organisms;
✦ receives energy indirectly from the sun
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Types of Consumers✦ Herbivores - plant eaters - Primary consumer
✦ Carnivores - flesh eaters - Secondary consumers, Tertiary consumers, etc.
✦ Omnivores - eaters of all
✦ Detritivores (decomposers) - break down dead organisms to return nutrients to the soil, water and air
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Food Chain✦ the sequence in which energy is transferred
from one organism to next as each organism eats another organism
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Food Web✦ energy flow in an ecosystem is more
complex than that of a simple food chain
✦ Why?
✦ most organisms eat more than one type of food
✦ food webs show all feeding relationships possible in an ecosystem
✦ multiple food chainsWhat happens if the grass is removed?
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Trophic Levels✦ each step through which energy is
transferred in a food chain is a trophic level
✦ Producer - Primary consumer - secondary consumer - tertiary consumer
✦ when energy is transferred, some is lost as:
✦ heat, etc. - means less energy is available to organisms at the next level
✦ 90% of the energy is used
✦ 10% is stored and passed on to next level
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Ecological Pyramids✦ diagrams that show the relative
amounts of energy or matter within each trophic level of a food chain/web
✦ 3 Types
✦ Energy Pyramids
✦ Biomass Pyramids
✦ Pyramid of Numbers
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Energy Pyramids✦ Reminder:
✦ each layer represents one trophic level
✦ producers form the base (contain most energy)
✦ high level consumers make up top layer (less energy is available)
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Energy Pyramid Problem
✦ Use the following information about this food chain to create an energy pyramid.
✦ Grass --> Grasshopper --> Frog --> Heron
✦ Assume that there are 175,000 calories available in all the grass plants in this food chain.
✦ Label each trophic level. Show the # of calories available at each level.
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Biomass Pyramid✦ biomass = the total amount of living
tissue within a trophic level
✦ where is the biomass the greatest?
✦ base of the pyramid
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Pyramid of Numbers
✦ shows the relative number of individual organisms at each trophic level
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Biomagnification✦ chemical substances (poisons)
become more concentrated as they move up a food chain
✦ toxins are stored in the fatty tissues of the organisms
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Day 4 - Natural Selection lab
`
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DAY 4 - PopulationsBELL: What happened to the Greenus Beanus and the Varietus Beanus populations? Which had the higher growth rate? Which had the higher reproductive Rate (percent left for reproduction)?
Why did the Varietus Beanus population still grow? Did one phenotype reproduce more than any others?
AGENDA
Population Changes - Hardy-WeinbergA mutation Story
*Turn in your Natural Selection Graphs and Answered questions