portable fuel container spillage control project
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Portable Fuel Container Spillage Control Project. Monitoring and Laboratory Division June 28, 1999. California Environmental Protection Agency. Air Resources Board. Portable Fuel Container Spillage Control Workshop. Changes in the Proposed Regulations - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Portable Fuel Container Spillage Control Project
Monitoring and Laboratory DivisionJune 28, 1999
California Environmental Protection Agency
Air Resources Board
Portable Fuel Container Spillage Control Workshop
Changes in the Proposed Regulations Proposed Test Methods for Spill-Proof Systems Draft Refueling Spillage Test Data Permeation and Barrier Feasibility Test Data Estimated Effectiveness of Spill-Proof Systems Population/Activity/Emissions Inventory Estimated Price Increases for Spill-Proof Systems Regulatory Process More Information
Proposed Portable Fuel Container Spillage Control Regulations
Proposed Regulations apply to both portable fuel containers and spouts
Section 2472. Performance Standards for Spill-Proof Systems and Spill-Proof Spouts
Section 2472 (a)&(b). Three flow rate standards based on container size (e.g., 1/2 gallon/minute for containers 1.25 gallons)
Section 2472. Permeation Standard of 0.4 grams/gallon/day
Proposed Portable Fuel Container Spillage Control Regulations (continued)
Section 2473. Exemptions, rapid refueling devices for off-road motorcycle competitions & portable fuel tanks for outboards
Section 2475. Flow rate labeling requirement Section 2477. Test Methods for determining
compliance with Performance Standards
Section 2477. Test Methods
Test Method 510 - Automatic Shut-Off Test Procedure
Test Method 511 - Automatic Closure Test Procedure
Test Method 512 - Flow Rate Test Procedure Test Method 513 - Permeation Test Procedure
Test Method 510 - Automatic Shut-Off
Fill container with water and invert for 5 minutes to check for leaks
Dispense contents into a 1/2 gallon test fixture Fill test fixture to at least 1 inch from the top of
the opening (± 1/8”) without overflowing Repeat the process 3 times
Test Method 511 - Automatic Closure
Apply Test Method 510 protocol except fill the test fixture to approximately 50% of capacity
Hold the inverted container over the test fixture for 30 seconds to check for leaks and proper function of automatic closure
Pressurize container to 10 psig with the spout installed, leave undisturbed for 24-hours and record any pressure loss
Maximum allowable 24-hour pressure loss is 1 psig
Test Method 512 - Flow Rate Test Procedure
Fill container to its nominal capacity with water and invert for 5 minutes to check for leaks
Determine the amount of time to dispense all but approximately 1 pint of the liquid
Determine the mass of liquid dispensed by pre and post weighing the container
Calculate a flow rate in gallons/minute using the density of water at 25°C
Test each container 3 times to determine the average flow rate
Test Method 513 - Determination of Permeation Rates
Precondition containers with gasoline for a minimum of 4 weeks
Empty and re-fill containers with CERT fuel, seal, leak test, then expose to a 24-hour variable temperature profile
Weigh containers every 24-hours to determine the permeation rate gravimetrically
Must verify weight loss is linear (steady state) Average of 5 consecutive 24-hour diurnal cycles used to
determine the final rate
Refueling Spillage Test Procedure
Randomly selected ARB employees using conventional containers and spouts fill a 2400 ml fuel tank
Each participant performs several trials with randomly selected containers
Mass of the fuel dispensed is determined by pre and post weighing the containers
Refueling Emissions Test Bench
Refueling Emissions Test Bench
Draft Refueling Spillage Test Data
Out of 56 events, 25 included refueling spillage (45%)
Average per spillage event (less displaced vapor) =16.4 grams
Total fuel dispensed - 51.1 gallons Testing will continue through July 2nd, final results
will be posted on our web site
Permeation and Barrier Feasibility Tests Average permeation rates determined from testing untreated HDPE containers Treated containers also tested to determine the effectiveness of barrier surface
treatments Containers ranged in size from 1.25 gallons to 6.6 gallons and included
products from 5 different manufacturers Containers were tested with Phase II California Reformulated Certification
(CERT) fuel Select containers were also tested with a blend of Carbob and fuel grade
ethanol (5.7% mass) Barrier surface treatments included Sulfonation & 2 levels of Fluorination
(levels 3 & 5)
Permeation and Barrier Feasibility Tests
Permeation and Barrier Surface Treatment Feasibility Test Data
Average Permeation Rates for Untreated Containers
1.25 gallons - 1.52 g/gal/day 2.06 gallons - 1.88 g/gal/day 2.5 gallons - 1.46 g/gal/day 5 gallons - 1.43 g/gal/day 6.6* gallons - 1.09 g/gal/day Average Permeation Rate - 1.57
grams/gallon/day
Average Permeation Rates for Treated Containers
ContainerType
Test #1(g/gal/day)
Tests #2(g/gal/day)
Test #3(g/gal/day)
Average(g/gal/day)
ControlEfficiency (%)
FluorinatedLevel 5
0.24* 0.43* 0.16 0.28 82.2
FluorinatedLevel 3
0.42 0.93 0.57 0.64 59.0
Sulfonated ** N/A 0.07 0.07 95.5
* 2 sets of Level 5 containers treated incorrectly and were removed from the data set** Sulfonated containers treated incorrectly and were removed from the data set
Average Permeation Rates
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
Untreated FluorinatedLevel 3
FluorinatedLevel 5
Sulfonated
Permeation Rates(g/gal/day)
ProposedStandard
Estimated Effectiveness of Spill-Proof Systems
Reduce diurnal emissions by 75% Eliminate refueling spillage - 100% Eliminate transport and storage losses - 100% Reduce average permeation rates by 75% Collects 45% of displaced vapors
Portable Fuel Container (Gas Cans) Population/Activity/Emissions Inventory
Mobile Source Control DivisionJune 28, 1999
California Environmental Protection Agency
Air Resources Board
Statewide Population and Activity of Gas Cans
Determined through surveys Residential Survey Commercial Survey
Residential Population/Activity Parameters
% of households with gas cans - 46% # of gas cans per household - 0.8 % of gas cans stored empty - 30% Average gas can capacity - 3.0 gallons Average age of gas can - 5.5 years Plastic and metal gas cans ratio - 76:24
Residential Population/Activity Parameters (Continued)
% Plastic cans with closed system - 53% % Plastic cans with open system - 23% % Metal cans with closed system - 13% % Metal cans with open system - 11%
Commercial Population/Activity Parameters
# of gas cans per business - 6.9 Average gas can capacity - 3.4 gallons Average age of gas cans - 1.34 years Plastic and metal gas cans ratio - 72:28
Commercial Population/Activity Parameters (Continued)
% Plastic cans with closed system - 33% % Plastic cans with open system - 39% % Metal cans with closed system - 18% % Metal cans with open system - 10%
Gas Can Population Estimates
Residential gas can population - 9 million Expansion Factor - # of housing units by county
obtained from California State Department of Finance Commercial gas can population - 400,000 Expansion Factor - # of businesses which may have
gas cans from InfoUSA database
Various Emissions Related Processes Associated with Gas Cans
Diurnal Loss - Ambient Temperature Permeation Loss - Pressure and gas can material Spillage - During refueling of equipment Vapor Displacement - During refueling of equipment
Permeation Emission Rates
1.57 grams per gallon per day Obtained through gravimetric
testing of several gas cans
Diurnal Emission Rates (Draft)
Several cans under different conditions were tested using Sealed Housing Evaporative Determination method.
Plastic/closed system - 2.15 g/gal/day Plastic/open system - 21.76 g/day Metal/closed system - 2.15 g/gal/day Metal/open system - 21.76 g/gal/day
Spillage and Vapor Displacement Emission Rate
17.3 g/refueling - obtained from USEPA’s NEVES report
Vapor displacement - 4.52 g/gal Waiting for Data
Estimated Prices of Spill-Proof Systems
Average price increase per Spill-Proof System estimated between $5.50 - $8.00 per container
Estimate compares retail prices of similarly constructed containers
Breaks containers into 3 size categories, 1-1.5 , 2-2.5, 5-6 gallons Pre-Regulation retail estimates of fuel containers are:
1-1.5 gallon - $3.24 2-2.5 gallon - $4.69 5-6 gallon - $9.99
Regulatory Process Workshop June 28, 1999
Consider all comments received by July 9, 1999 Staff Report - August 6, 1999
Start of 45 day public comment period Board Hearing - September 23, 1999
More Information On The Emissions Inventory
www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/spillcon/inventor.htm Archana Agrawal, Manager, Inventory Assessments
Section (626) 450-6136 [email protected]
More Information On The Regulation www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/spillcon/spillcon.htm Workshop presentation will be posted on the web
site Dean Bloudoff (916) 263-2070 [email protected]