portable & iot display challenges and opportunities - part 1c : 8k, 16k, vr, ar and iot

Portable&IoTDisplaysPart1c:Looking>1yrahead

©2015~6,PixelDisplayInc.AllRightsReserved

Firstpresented,BayAreaSID.Sep23rd2015

[email protected]

Market,Technologies,Insights,Challenges&OpportuniQes

Agenda•  Part1a:Portable&IoTDisplays

–  PanelindustryBackground.InternalPanelvsotherDisplaytypes–  TFTDisplaytechnologyandtheprogressionoftheTCON–  RevoluQonsinPortable&IoTDisplays–  Real-worldexample:thebenefitsofDisplayTechnology&InnovaQon

•  Part1b:Lookingahead1+yrs–  4KUHD,HDR&WCGChallenges

•  Part1c:Lookingahead>1yrs–  8Kandbeyond:theVR/ARSOL–  IoTChallenges:BigandSmall(Outsidescope:TouchandTouch-DisplayIntegraQon.Availableseparately)

©2015~6,PixelDisplayInc.AllRightsReserved 2

8K–SuperVision•  Goal:Broadcast2020Olympicsin8K•  NHK&Government•  Recentlyadded:– BT2020ColorSpace– HDR


Livecolor-gradingin8K,AstrodesignInc.Tokyo

Astrodesign8KCamera

4K,8Ktoomuch?…alongcomesVR


VRevoluJon


Ideal Head-Mounted VR display (SOL*)

•  20/20humanacuity:~60CPD**(cyclesperdegree)atfovea•  ApplyNyquistrule:1xCycle=2xPixels

•  Humanfieldofview:about170°×135°–  10,200×8,100cyclespereyeèOrasingleDisplayPanelof40Kx16Kpixels

•  IndependentofpanelsizeorPPI–  5-8”forpracQcalreasons(bulk,weight,neckstrain)

*SOL:Speed-of-light**Barten,PeterG,ContrastSensiQvityoftheHumanEye***MichaelDeering,2ndInt’lImmersiveProjec2onTechWkshp,1998

135~170°

60cpd

DisplayPanelFishEyeLens


VR/AR needs even more pixels

16K=~3000ppi8K=~1500ppi

(assumes5.7”Screen)

LightField

Sharp LCD, Nov’14 hEp://www.ubergizmo.com/2014/11/sharp-unveils-4-1-inch-igzo-display-with-700-ppi/

QHDPhone


VR/AR2.5K700ppi4.1”

But…morepixelsdoesnotsolveeverything

Causes:Channelmasks,backplanecomplexity(e.g.OLED5T/2C),largeStorageCap(e.g.A-SiLCD),photocurrentocclusions...


Samsung25x142.5KOLED(PenQle)GalaxyS55.7”

Sharp38x214KLCDSonyXperiaZ55.7”

VR“Screen-DoorEffect”:Fill-Factor(OLED).Aperture-RaQo(LCD)

Pixeldensitylimits?•  OLED– PowerdistribuQonacrossTFT

•  Voltagedrooplimitsres/brightness

– ComplexTFT(e.g.5T2C)backplanelimitsfront-plane“fill-factor”

•  LCD– SimplerTFT(thanOLED),butopQcalloss(“apertureraQo”)dependentonprocess:electronmobility&leakage

– FutureIGZO:NoTFTStorageCap?

LCDApertureRaQoExampleOpaque(ChannelMask+StorageCap)vsTransmissiQvity

4K:~30%loss8K:~80%loss


Sharp/SEL8K13.3”OLEDSIDSanDiego2014

LegacyRefreshvsVariableContentRates


Asynchronousheadmovement/AsyncContentNeedsAsyncRefresh

VR/ARheadmovementvsdisplayrefresh•  Head/Eye:60°rotaQon,inatleast5frames=>85Hz

(HumanImagerecogniQon:~13ms*latency)Assume10bit/color(Wide-Gamut,HDR)– 85Hz4K:680Mp/s,22Gbps✓– 85Hz8K:2.7Gp/s,81Gbps✗– 85Hz16K:10.8Gp/s,345Gbps✗

•  But“StateoftheArt”DisplayPort1.4:32Gbpsmax


Arc:60°Response**:60~330ms

**ReacQonQmeforhumanheadrotaQon:OudeNijhuisetal.hEp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arQcles/PMC2277050/pdf/tjp0584-0097.pdf

Togetbeyond4KforVR/ARrequiresbreakingfromlegacydisplayrefreshmodel

*hEp://news.mit.edu/2014/in-the-blink-of-an-eye-0116

Head-Mounted VR/AR vs Display Technology

•  Disruptors:non-standardrefresh,novelsub-pixels,QLEDs©2015~6,PixelDisplayInc.AllRightsReserved 12

VectorofRealism

LongTermGoal StateofArt:AvailableNow(within3yrs)LCD(next) OLED(next)

ResoluQon >16K 4KLTPS(≥8KIGZO/LTPS) 2.5KLTPS(≥4KIGZO)FillFactor Undetectable

(finerthan30cpd)>60%(>70%) >40%(>50%)

ColorGamut FullCIE(>150%) NTSC:90%,QD120%(150%) NTSC:100%(110%)DynamicRange(withcomp)

1014:1(10-6to108nits) 1500:1(>50,000:1)50,000:1(150k:1)

>10000:1(>50,000:1)

RefreshRange(withcomp)

35~240Hz 35~85Hz(120HzLTPS)35~120Hz(240HzLTPS)

50~90Hz(≥120Hz)

2020~ Display Experience Projection

ContrastRaJo

ColorGamut

ColorPrecision

>BT.2020

FP16

>150,000:1ResoluJon

8~16K

>1500nitsDynamic

Range


24~240HzAsyncvs2015•  3xcolorgamut•  5xbrightnessrange•  >8xincreaseinres•  150xcontrastraQo•  80~160xbandwidth

24

BT.2020

DCI-P3

NTSC

FP

1000:1

50,000:1

QHD

4K

8K

20,000:1

750nits

1000nits

500nits

60 1204812 610 8

8KandVR=100xchange

FrameRate(Hz)

Conclusions•  Neednewsub-pixelswithbeEeraperture-raQo,fillfactor,andevenwidercolorrange•  Realism=wider-gamut,moredynamicrangeespeciallyinthelow-intensityrange(starrynight)•  NeedanenQrelynew&differentdisplayrefreshmodel(orelse:terabitinterconnects)


OpportuniJesformoreintelligenceinsmarterTFTbackplanes&TCON’s

Lookingahead>1yrsIoT


DigitalSignage=BigIoT.Everywhere


•  Factors:DaylightReadability.Size.Uniformity.Color.Nits/WaE•  Incumbents:LEDArray,BacklitLCD•  Disrupters:Electrowexng,eInk,RGBWReflecQve-LCD

PowermafersforIoTdevices

•  Affects:usability,baEery,weight,color,size,form-factor,cost

•  Green-techisnowavoter&lobbyistmagnetèEntertheregulators,lawyers


CaliforniaEnergyCommission

•  36milPersonalComputers(PC’s)inCalifornia–  9.6mDesktop,3.6mAll-In-OneDesktops,and23mNotebooks

•  CurrentstatewidePCcompuQngenergyusein2013

isbetween4-7TWHr=cityofLosAngeles!•  CECtargeQngwastedenergy,especiallyinDisplays•  ProposaltoreducePCenergy,takeseffectJan’17&Jan’18

hEp://www.energy.ca.gov/appliances/2014-AAER-2/prerulemaking/


CaseExample:TokyoCentralStaJon

•  TokyoCentralupgradedwalkwaystoLCDBaseddigitalsignage

•  JRhadtoinstalladdiQonalsub-staQon&transformertohandletheload

•  Costoverrun:$Millions


SmallIoT–DisplayMafers


©BenGuildhEp://benguild.com/2015/06/06/low-baEery-for-ios-apple-watch/

SmartLCD=7~10days

OLED=1day

There’sanAppforthat

JDI:SRAMMemory-In-Pixel

SmallerIoT:DigitalPaymentCards


Coin

plastcCard+

0.76mmthickBaEery-lifeinmonths/years

ChallengesRecap•  UHDgoesmobile– BacklightSource:>2xBrightness,>4xColorGamut– Portableneeds:Power-efficiency,spectrally-purelightsource

•  4K/8K(LCD&OLED)– “Screen-door”effectisNOTsolvedbyPPI,itsdependentonOLEDfillfactorandLCDcolorfilteraperture-raQo

– LoomingVR/ARchallenges:Bandwidth.Latency.AsyncRefresh

•  IoTBig&Smalldisplaysinthemall– Power.Power.Power(&thinness,flexibility,weight,daylightviewing)


OpportuniJes…

•  BeEerqualitylightsource(otherthanBlue+Yellow=dirty-white)•  MoreefficientLCDopQcalstack(than2xabsorpQonpolarizers)•  MoreefficientColorFiltering(thanCF72)•  HigherDynamicRange(thanSMPTE:208410bit+PQ)•  HDR+WCGneedsmorethan10bpc,trendto16bitIEEEHalf-float•  Localizedhighlightcontrol(otherthandirectbacklitregional)•  More-efficientSub-Pixels:thanPenQle,RGBY,RGBC,or…•  Smarter,lower-power,more-colorfuldisplays

– MorecomplexMemory&TransistorCircuits:per-Row,per-Column,per-Pixel


CalltoacJon•  DisplaytechnologyrampingfasterthanMoore’sLaw“don’tmisstheBus”•  2016istheyearofUHD.Next:filltheUHDgaponportabledisplays•  “higherPPI”,“morepixels”isnottheanswer.NextgenVR/ARandIoTdevicesneedmorethanthis

•  FocusnewTFTinnovaQon:beEerpixelshavevalue(finally)•  Thenext4yrsofDisplaytechnologywillenablemorecompellinguserexperiencesandmorerealismthaneverbefore

•  Thisnextlevelrequiresa100xleapinDisplay-relatedinnovaQon


FoundaQonofmanySiliconValleybusinessplans:10xchange

Backup


TFT Backplane (OLED/LCD) A-SiAmorphousSi

LTPSLow-TempPolySi

IGZOOxide

ElectronMobility(higher=beEer) Ok(<1cm2/V-sec)) Best(>100) BeEer(>10cm2/V-sec)

OffLeakageCurrent(lower=beEer) Ok(10-12) BeEer(10-14) Best(10-15)

DeposiQonProcess(lower=beEer) 350°C 600°C RoomTemp

ProcessComplexity Low(4~5steps) High(5~11steps) Low(5~7steps)

PixelComplexity High(4T/5T+1/2C) High(5T+2C) Lo/Hi(2/6T+1/2C)

ProcessScalability Gen10(2.8mx3.1m) Gen5(1.1mx1.2m) Gen10(2.8mx3.1m)

Mura(Uniformity) Good Ok:Inter-column Ok:Regional

DriverIntegraQon(cost/lowprofile) ParQal Yes Yes

PracQcalDPI(backlight,power,speed) <300ppi >500ppi >500ppi

PracQcalHighRef(w/ooverdrive) <80Hz <120Hz >80Hz

PracQcalLowRef(w/oflicker) >45Hz >30Hz >20Hz

PracQcalApplicaQon Under300ppi Panels≤10” Panels≥7”

Claimed:Simplest.Cheapest

BestLowRefreshRange

BestHighRefreshRange
