portfolio january 10 · january 2010 1 portfolio collaborative research brochure dear colleague...

January 2010

1

Portfolio CollaborativeResearch Brochure

Dear Colleague

Happy New Year and welcome to the January 2010 Portfolio Catalogue.

The news that dominated the water industry last year was, of course, price determinations. Ofwat's reluctance to fully support PR09 business plans may now compromise some water utilities ability to fully meet the many challenges that lie ahead - most notably the effects of climate change and the water framework directive -, but new responsibilities and uncertainties, such as adoption of private sewers and the implications of the Cave and Walker reviews also need to be accommodated.

These many demands mean that the water industry will need to innovate and invest in resilient and adaptable infrastructure, if it is to continue to provide the excellent levels of service that are now taken for granted by customers.

The 15 new research projects featured in this catalogue are aimed at helping you to future proof your business in difficult economic times and cover a range of topics, including: biogas optimisation; a predictive sewer blockage model - which will closely link into an EPRSC/Stream funded Eng D study; and understanding distribution risk. We also have a number of forums which offer an effective and low-cost way to keep up-to-speed on legislative and technological developments in a number of key fields.

You will also find in the catalogue details of 12 live projects which you can still join - but please note you will not usually be able to buy into projects once they have been completed. Full proposals are available on request and summaries of completed, current and proposed projects can be found at

.

As usual we are offering a 10% “early bird” discount to those customers who let us know which projects they are interested in by the and provide formal orders by the

. An Expression of Interest Form can be found on the back cover.

I hope that you will find projects of interest in this catalogue and look forward to working with you in the new future.

With best wishes for 2010

Sara BagshawePortfolio Manager

Tel: +44 (0)1491 413497Email: [email protected]

www.waterportfolio.com

19 February 2010 19 March 2010

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New Proposed Projects Targeted atCurrent Issues and Problems

Topic Title Ref. Page Area

Business Planning Towards integrated distribution management CP399 4

Business Planning SIM - Behind the headlines CP400 5

Business Planning A framework for improving telemetry data quality CP401 6

Business Planning Geographical information user group CP024 7

Leakage/Demand Impact of valve operations on network performance CP402 8

Metering Meter training CP403 9

Risk Management. Alarm systems improvement group CP321a 10

Instrumentation Instrument user group - Sharing knowledge & experience CP378 11

Water Treatment Water treatment disinfection forum CP404 12

Wastewater Biogas energy/CHP optimisation tool CP405 13

Wastewater Aeration plants - Reduce energy costs/carbon emissions CP406 14

Sewerage Sewer blockages - Predicting where and when CP407 15

Sewerage Septicity in rising mains and H S corrosion in sewers CP408 162

Sewerage Rising mains inspection - Getting the inside picture CP371a 17

WFD Carbon accounting WFD programmes of measures CP409 18

2010

3

On-Going Collaborative ProjectsYou Can Buy Into 2010

Topic Title Ref. Page Area

Monitoring Good practice for use of ultrasonic level sensors CP395 19

Wastewater Sustainable options phosphorus & nitrogen removal CP362b 19

Sewerage Post 2011 - A new approach to small bore drainage mgt. CP397 20

Sewerage Transfer of pitch fibre pipes to sewerage undertakers CP398 20

Underground Assets Geocellular underground SUD storage systems CP329 21

Carbon Footprint Carbon accounting for pipeline installation CP364 21

Operating Costs Development of TR61 V10.0 software CP347 22

Supply Demand Mgt.Water efficiency devices - Savings assessment CP359 22

Water Treatment Optimising granular activated carbon regeneration CP393 23

Water Treatment Implementing UV disinfection for water CP377 23

Water Quality Improving drinking water quality CP394 24

Energy Efficiency Compare energy efficiency: Where are we good?* CP310 24

* This projects, will meet needs identified by The Research Foresight Partnership Road Maps

PRICE£9,900

DURATION8 Months

WRc CONTACTMrs Jo Hulance

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865068

[email protected]

TOPIC AREABusiness Planning

New Projects

4

Project Appreciation and Objectives

Benefits to Clients

Work Programme

Project Output

Related Work

A number of different approaches have been developed over recent years to operate, maintain and determine optimum capital investment for water distribution systems. These have been developed to address different drivers and include Distribution Operation and Maintenance Strategies (DOMS), Drinking Water Safety Plans (DWSPs), Capital Maintenance Planning Common Framework (CMPCF) and Water Resource Management Plans (WRMPs). In order to develop the optimal mix of interventions that can be undertaken on the water distribution network, these approaches must be brought together as part of an overall Integrated Distribution Management (IDM) strategy.

A recent IDM Portfolio workshop identified the assessment and effective comparison of risk across all parts of the business as a key element to IDM to prevent inconsistencies and conflict in decision making. Working towards a fully integrated approach, this project will address the composition and comparison of risk from different parts of the business.

• A uniform approach to risk by establishing risk principles, policy, strategy and a commonlanguage.

• Optimise interventions to assess, control, exploit, finance, and monitor risks from all sources.• Minimise costs whilst satisfying differing regulatory requirements, and maximising performance

delivery to customers.• Integrated strategic approach to the management of risk for the next PR14 business planning

cycle.

1. Identify and resolve particular areas of difficulty in assessing risk.2. Develop a methodology for understanding how activities and interventions are integrated and

linked within the supply system using fault tree analysis.3. Define severity of consequences through common consensus.4. Develop a hierarchical approach to assess the likelihood of an event happening, including events

where little or no actual data exists.5. Identify suitable methodologies by which to aggregate and assess risks of single and multiple,

similar and/or disparate activities.6. Develop a good practice risk management framework for IDM.

• Group meetings to review approach to risk with peers and experts.• Comprehensive technical guide assessing the components and application of risk within the

business planning process.• Dissemination workshop.

• Sewerage Risk Management, CP309, 2008.• Distribution Operation and Maintenance Strategy, CP322, 2007.• Development of Service Risk Impact Matrices, 2006.• Assessing the Use of Structural Equation Modelling to Support Risk Assessment, 2007.• Managing the Risks of Critical Sewers and Trunk Mains, CP220, 2006.• Manuals - Planning the Rehabilitation of Water Distribution Systems, 1990; Repair of Distribution

and Trunk Mains, 1994; and Trenchless Technology, 3rd Edition, 2000.

CP399Towards Integrated Distribution Management- A Common Approach to Risk

PortfolioCollaborativeResearch

New Projects PortfolioCollaborativeResearch

5

CP400SIM - Behind The Headlines


Benefits to Clients

Work Programme

Project Output

Related Work

From April 2010, Ofwat are replacing the Overall Performance Assessment (OPA) with the Service Incentive Mechanism (SIM). The SIM will act as a mimic for commercial competition and is structured to provide a measure of customer satisfaction. It will enable Ofwat to financially incentivise water companies to strive to offer the best value for money. The SIM consists of two components; a quantitative measure and a qualitative measure.

This Portfolio project will analyse the quantitative element of the SIM. Data from the annual return will give the number of complaints but not the reason behind those complaints beyond the billing or operational classification.

Importantly, the project will then provide further detail of the qualitative elements behind the headline SIM score - to allow companies to understand where the areas of variation occur - investigate the cause of the variation and develop strategies for improving the SIM score.

• Identify variation - Look behind your headline SIM score to identify significant differences in SIMscore components compared to industry peers.

• Understand variation - Determine why your SIM score components are significantly different toindustry peers.

• Improve your SIM score - Identify quick win areas for improving your SIM score.

It is appreciated that the sooner the project is delivered, the greater the benefits and so the aim will be to deliver the project in 6 months, although this will be largely determined by the data collection.

1. Project Start - A meeting with project members to ensure there is a mutual understanding of theproject scope.

2. Data Collation - Visits to water companies to securely obtain and understand the provenance ofproject data.

3. Develop Interface - A web-based interface to analyse the data.4. Data Analysis - Data will be analysed to identify variation.5. Review meeting - Present the data analysis and define categories for root cause analysis.6. Root Cause Analysis - Used to examine the reasons for identified variation in SIM components.

• Data Specification - to facilitate data collation.• Web-Based Interface - to allow companies to undertake their own analysis.• Data Analysis Report - to identify areas of variation in the SIM score components.• Root Cause Analysis Report - to determine the reason for variation in the SIM score

components.

• Web-Based Benchmarking, CP346 resulting in WRc Book of Numbers, 2009.

PRICE£8,750

DURATION6 Months

WRc CONTACTMr Ian Dawes

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865165

[email protected]


PRICE£5,950

DURATION9 Months

WRc CONTACTMr John Brown

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865016

[email protected]


New ProjectsPortfolioCollaborativeResearch

6


Benefits to Clients

Work Programme

Project Output

Related Work

Telemetry systems are evolving into core business systems that enable more efficient, proactive, real-time operational management and improved customer service. Telemetry increasingly provides key inputs to work and asset management and other corporate applications.

However, the nature and scale of water industry telemetry systems presents particular data quality challenges and there is widespread concern that data quality is not always fit for purpose. There is often a disparity between the investment made in integrating telemetry data into the business and ensuring that the level of quality can support all intended uses. Poor data quality can hinder or even preclude the efficiency gains being sought.

• Maximise value from telemetry data through a better understanding of: data quality issues andactivities across the industry the real impacts of poor data quality and where investment shouldbe focused.

• Clear, evidence-based guidelines for improving and managing telemetry data quality.• Improved performance of operational tools (e.g. alarm systems, models) and more effective

business decisions and actions from better quality information.

A structured, comprehensive, high-level review, this project will: 1. Develop a basis to understand data/information quality, including vocabulary and definitions and

requirements for metadata with reference to relevant standards.2. Identify current perceptions and experience of data quality issues, root causes and

consequences.3. Review current and planned business organisation systems and processes, uses of telemetry

data and quality requirements.4. Assess current telemetry data management and data quality assurance policies, strategies and

practices and identify strengths, weaknesses and gaps.5. Identify methods for checking and assessing telemetry data quality, including current and

potential future technology solutions and requirements for ongoing monitoring and metrics.6. Identify approaches to dealing with poor quality/uncertain or missing data.

• A comprehensive report including:- Current practice status within participating companies, highlighting good practice,

shortcomings and gaps.- Good practice guidance for implementing an effective telemetry data quality management

strategy. - Identification of quick wins plus a roadmap for continuous improvements including aspects

requiring more in-depth investigation. • Liaison Group meetings to agree the scope, review initial findings and final dissemination.

• Water Industry Alarm Systems Improvement Group, CP321a, 2009/10.• Creating Value from Data, CP381, 2009.• Improving Alarm Systems in Water Treatment, CP321, 2007/8.• Real Time Data for Asset Management, CP295, 2006/7.• UKWIR project WW21 on Data Flagging for Sewage Treatment Works Flows, 2008.

CP401A Framework for ImprovingTelemetry Data Quality

PRICE£4,000 (or £2,500 pa)

DURATION2 Years

WRc CONTACTMr Ian Dawes

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865165

[email protected]



7

CP024Geographical InformationUser Group


Benefits to Clients

Work Programme

Project Output

Related Work

Since its inception in 2000, the Geographical Information User Group (GIUG) has provided participants with a much valued forum to keep abreast of, and maximise value from, the incredible developments in Geographical Information Systems and related technology.

We are in exciting times for Geographical Information (GI) in the water industry with many new initiatives that will raise its profile. Surface Water Management Plans, Emergency Planning, the INSPIRE Directive, Environmental Information Regulation, UK Location Strategy and the Water Framework Directive, are all evolving and are likely to have direct consequences on the way spatial information is managed.

The key power of the GIUG lies in the unique gathering of experts, every quarter, to investigate shared business problems with spatial elements - which accounts for up to 80% of all business information!

• Identify how to use geographic data to derive genuine business benefit.• Adopt best practice in geographical information and related technology.• Cost-effectively assess vendor products, through peer review.• Understand how industry peers are managing changes to the spatial information requirement.

1. Workshops, chaired by Keith Allen, Wide World Systems, will be held each quarter.

Prior to selected meetings, brief questionnaires will be circulated to participants to gather dataand other relevant information. A digest of findings and key issues will be disseminated ahead ofeach workshop.

2. Vendors of carefully selected products and services will be invited to give demonstrations atworkshops, as and when appropriate.

3. An archive of questionnaires, presentations and summary reports will be provided on a dedicatedweb-site.

• Quarterly workshops.• Summary position papers.• Web-based meeting archive.

• GIUG collaborative programme since 2000.


Benefits to Clients

Work Programme

Project Output

Related Work

It is known that mains rehabilitation and replacement projects are often followed by a period of increased burst rates in 'local' mains and service pipes. Whilst these interventions are physically disruptive to networks, such mains rehabilitation activities cannot explain the increases in bursts associated with non rehabilitated mains and pipes. There is therefore another mechanism causing the deterioration in burst rate performance.

The operation of valves, to facilitate these and many other frequent distribution operational activities, can lead to increased velocity and pressure. Pressure transients can travel through the distribution system and cause high pressures that will have an affect on the pipe. This transient pressure will also be affected by the number of connections and changes in pipe diameter.

This project will verify and quantify pressure transients in a range of distribution systems of varying material type and operating conditions, in order to fully understand the impact of valve operations on network performance.

• Detailed understanding and quantification of the impact of distribution valve operations.• Ability to amend current practice, ensure minimal disruption to the distribution network, and

reduce costs.• Maximise benefits from mains rehabilitation, mains replacement and leak repairs.

1. Analyse existing company data to develop a relationship between activities that involve valveoperations and the impact on mains failures.

2. Perform detailed pressure measurement following valve operations for a variety of conditionsincluding rural networks (low levels of branches and service connections), urban networks (highlevels of branches and service connections), different mains material types, different operatingpressure and velocities.

3. Develop robust relationships between distribution valve operations and pressure transients,under different conditions.

• Comprehensive project report, providing a detailed understanding of how valve operations canimpact network performance.

• Practical recommendations for the operation of valves to minimise network disruption.• Dissemination workshops to discuss and present the study findings.

• Assessing the Whole Life Benefits of Pressure Management, UKWIR, Ongoing• Mains Interventions - Improving Benefits Valuations, CP338, 2009.• Portfolio projects Investigating the Links Between Rehabilitation and the Performance of the

Distribution System, CP135 & CP135a, 2005-2007.• Benefits of Mains Replacement on Leakage, Severn Trent Water, 2006-2009.• Risks from Pressure Fluctuations in Water Supplies, DEFRA, 2007.• The Real Benefits of Pressure Management, CP303, 2007.


8

CP402Impact of Valve Operationson Network Performance

PRICE£9,500

DURATION8 Months

WRc CONTACTMr Andrew Purvey

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865193

[email protected]

TOPIC AREALeakage/Demand Mgt


9

PRICE£9,500

DURATION9 Months

WRc CONTACTMr Andy Godley

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865060

[email protected]

TOPIC AREAMetering

CP403MeterTraining


Benefits to Clients

Work Programme

Project Output

Related Work

The measurement of water flowing is becoming ever more critical to a water company's operations from source to tap - production, supply, network operation, leakage and revenue.

It is essential therefore that those involved with meters either directly - selecting, installing, maintaining and operating - or indirectly - those using the data - have a good understanding of the types of meters used, their performance and their limitations.

However, there are currently no metering courses specifically aimed at water - those that are available tend to be focussed on oil, gas or process measurement and do not cover the technologies or applications used in the water industry.

This project will develop a syllabus specifically aimed at water industry staff involved in clean water applications to provide a good understanding of the measurement techniques and their considerations.

• Better trained staff leading to improved measurement performance across the business includingleakage estimation, regulatory reporting, revenue collection.

• Substantial discounts (50%) on future training. • Comprehensive course notes which could form the basis of future in-house training programmes,

and so reduce external training costs.

There are 3 key steps in the work programme:

1. Develop and agree an outline syllabus - including meter technologies, installation considerations,performance, maintenance and verification and standards.

2. Develop detailed materials against the syllabus - lectures, course notes and hands-ondemonstrations.

3. Deliver training sessions to participant companies - up to 5 delegates per contributor.

• Delivery of training for up to 5 delegates per contributor.• Comprehensive course notes for both delegates and prospective trainers.

• Long established capability and experience in meter testing and evaluation.• Meter technology studies including two volumes on non-household metering and CP139 New

Technology Meters.• Abstraction Metering Manual and staff training, Environment Agency, 1997 - 2002.• Drain Repair Course, held annually since 2005.

PRICE£4,950

DURATIONAnnual Membership

WRc CONTACTMr John Brown

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865016

[email protected]

TOPIC AREARisk Management


10

CP321aWater Industry Alarm SystemsImprovement Group (2010 - 2011)


Benefits to Clients

Work Programme

Project Output

Related Work

Alarm management is a critical business function in mitigating risk whilst meeting increasing obligations to health and safety, the environment, customers and business efficiency.

As water companies continue to move to more centralised, real-time management of operations, the need for effective and reliable alarm system performance has never been greater. Effective alarm systems are key inputs to work and asset management.

Previous work reviewed current practice in the water industry with reference to EEMUA 191 which is widely recognised as the leading benchmark of best practice in industrial alarm systems. It was concluded that the water industry would benefit from a more coherent and rigorous framework for alarm system design and management. As a result, the Water Industry Alarm Systems Improvement Group was established as a cost-effective way of moving forward and continuing the collaborative approach.

• Better alarm systems that result in safer and more efficient and cost-effective operations, andimproved customer service:- Valuable forum for sharing engineering and operational experiences and expertise, and

lessons learned from alarm improvement initiatives.- Benchmarking and learning from leaders in other industry sectors.- Opportunity to visit other companies' control centres.

• Demonstrate to the HSE, regulators and auditors that sound principles and good practice havebeen applied to the design and management of alarm systems.

• Enhanced reputation as innovators in defining standards and best industry practice, and providean impetus to manufacturers to develop better and more standardised systems.

1. Quarterly meetings/workshops focusing on key themes/topics agreed by the Group. WRc willundertake the necessary information gathering and analysis, present the findings for discussionand agreement by the Group and produce best practice guidance material.

2. Member of the EEMUA Industry Review Group.3. Develop the user group format, e.g. to include presentations/demonstrations from other sectors

and selected technology vendors.

• Best practice guidance on agreed topics, meeting agendas, minutes and presentations.• Summary position papers on revision of EEMUA 191 and lessons learnt.• Maintenance of dedicated website/archive.

• Improving Alarm Systems in Water Treatment, CP321, 2008.• Several telemetry/SCADA projects, UK and overseas clients, 2003-present.• Investigating water treatment monitoring and control strategy, major utility, 2004.• Comparing monitoring control and automation methods with other UK water treatment practice,

major utility, 2004.• Intelligent alarms in monitoring small STW studies, 2001-2004.• Geographical Information Users Group, CP204, 2000-present.

PRICE£1,800 p.a.


WRc CONTACTDr Leo Carswell

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865131

[email protected]

TOPIC AREAInstrumentation


11

CP378Instrument User Group -Sharing Knowledge and Experience


Benefits to Clients

Work Programme

Project Output

Related Work

In April 2009 WRc launched the Instrument User Group (IUG). This project, supported by eleven Water Companies, has become an established forum to share knowledge and experience on instrumentation related issues to improve understanding and further the effective use of instrumentation within the water sector.

Membership of the Group is composed of representatives from the UK water and wastewater companies and includes ICA specialists, R&D and innovation staff and end users. The Group is run by WRc and membership is open to all UK Water Companies. Other parties with an interest in water industry instrumentation such as suppliers may be invited to specific meetings, but membership is reserved for Water Companies.

The Group covers both strategic and technical issues in wastewater (sewerage) and water instrumentation and provides a framework to bring water company users together to exchange information and develop common interests, allowing members to:• Share evaluation data and information on instrument use, practical problems and solutions.• Identify common needs and collaborative testing.• Identify new products and highlight new applications requiring new solutions.

• Improve decision making - based on awareness of new technologies and best available advicefrom leading UK water industry experts and wider industry experiences and practices.

• Identify opportunities to reduce instrument evaluation costs.• A combined voice to address instrument suppliers, manufacturers and innovators to develop

solutions to new and existing problems.

1. Hold meetings six times a year, covering both clean water and wastewater instrumentation. Thetopics for discussion will be agreed by the members. A format of parallel water and wastewatersessions has proved successful in the first year.

2. Provide comprehensive notes which will be posted on the user group website.

• Maintenance of the dedicated, interactive website for members.• A programme of meetings to facilitate sharing of information and experiences between users.• Records of all meetings which will be circulated to attendees and posted on the website.

• Analytical Test Kits for Water Treatment Monitoring and Control, CP333, 2008.• Using Dissolved Oxygen for Real Time Monitoring of Water Quality, CP281, 2006.• Holistic Monitoring to Increase Security and Reduce Costs, CP258, 2006.• Oil in Water Instrumentation for Intake Protection, CP304, 2006.


12

PRICE£2,500


WRc CONTACTDr Tom Hall

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865065

[email protected]

TOPIC AREAWater Treatment

CP404Water TreatmentDisinfection Forum


Benefits to Clients

Work Programme

Project Output

Related Work

DWI require water companies to establish site specific treatment regimes to meet regulatory microbiological quality after treatment and operate distribution systems to maintain this quality up to the customers tap. Selection of suitable technologies and appropriate design and operating conditions are critical elements in meeting these requirements. Maintaining awareness of the technologies and practices will help disinfection targets to be met efficiently at lowest cost. The objective of the work is to provide a mechanism for disseminating information on disinfection and sharing experience, through: structured meetings between participating companies; and reviews of research and developments in disinfection technology and implementation.

The Forum will provide a very efficient means to identify:• The most appropriate disinfection technologies and operating conditions to meet regulatory

requirements for microbiological quality.• Potential operating problems and ways of overcoming these.• Developments in technologies and regulatory approaches with potential benefits or impact in the

medium to longer term.

Meetings, held three times a year, would have particular themes which would be agreed in advance, and could include, for example:• Microbiological risk assessments and their interpretation for disinfection design and operation.• Tracer tests and contact tank design/operation to define effective CT (chlorine concentration x

time).• Design and operation of UV systems.• Chlorine dioxide.• By-product concerns.• Monitoring and control e.g. triple versus dual validation.• Role of alternative disinfectants e.g. chlorine dioxide.• Dealing with coliform failures.• "Secondary disinfection" - the role of disinfectant residuals in distribution.• Maintaining security of supply for chlorine, hypochlorite quality, alternative disinfectants.

A summary review of issues and current research/regulatory perspectives will be sent out before each meeting to form the basis for presentation and discussion at the meeting.

In the longer term, there may be benefits in creating a password protected website for participating companies, but this will be discussed during the first year of the work.

A report will be provided after each of the meetings, which will:• Review the issues identified and summarise the discussions at the meeting.• Provide recommendations on technology and operating practices.• Identify any outstanding questions or gaps in the knowledge.

• Best Practice Guidance for Chlorine Disinfection, CP282, 2006-7.• UV for Inactivation of Cryptosporidium, UKWIR, 2007. • Implementation of UV Disinfection, CP377, 2009.• Microrisk Project, European Commission, 2003-5.• Management of the UKWIR Microsheets Advisory Service, ongoing.

13


CP405Biogas Energy/CHPOptimisation Tool


Benefits to Clients

Work Programme

Project Output

Related Work

Energy recovery from anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge (and other solid wastes) is a high profile process to recover value and meet carbon reduction commitments. Well stabilised biosolids allow efficient and hygienic recycling. Inefficient operation of digesters results in significant revenue losses due to sub-optimal biogas production and reduced CHP output.

A variety of monitoring and measurement procedures and locations are currently used to manage digestion. Consistency in comparative and benchmarked analysis of these data would identify process and energy production efficiencies, deficiencies and imbalances.

Based on best practice digester operation principles, this project will develop a biogas energy production optimisation tool to calculate energy and mass balances. Using available data, it will identify potential for operating improvements and opportunities for maximising biogas production and CHP performance, with assessment of associated impacts or requirements within the treatment works. The tool will support analysis of site performances across the organisation and, with calibration, a detailed analysis of individual sites. It will allow addition of modules to extend boundaries to transport or other biosolids processes.

• Determine energy production capability of digester CHP installations.• Assess current energy and biogas production against achievable targets.• Identify reasons for shortfalls in energy production.• Enable reconciliation of mass balances.• Highlight operational changes required to achieve maximum energy production capability.

1. Specify boundaries of processes, set benchmark relationships, specify outputs.2. Assess capabilities of measurement, monitoring and analytical devices and methods.3. Create and test optimisation model.4. Prepare and demonstrate finished tool.

• An energy production optimisation tool that calculates current CHP and digester performance,highlighting operational changes needed for maximum biogas production.

• Detailed guidance on use of the optimisation tool and review of monitoring methods.

• Pumps - Optimisation and Replacement, CP348a, 2009-ongoing.• Comparing Energy Efficiency: Where Are We Good?, CP310, 2006-ongoing.• Digestion Plant - Performance Analysis, Model and Desk Based Assessments, UK Water Utility,

2008. • Adaptation of Current IWA Digestion Model for Food Waste Input, in association with Imperial

College, 2009.• Carbon Accounting and Sustainability workbooks prepared for water industry, UKWIR, 2008.

PRICE£15,250

DURATION8 Months

WRc CONTACTMrs Amanda Burch

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865086

[email protected]

TOPIC AREAWastewater


14

CP406Managing Aeration Plants toReduce Energy Costs and Carbon Emissions


Benefits to Clients

Work Programme

Project Output

Related Work

Aeration Plants (activated sludge, sequencing batch reactors, biological aerated filters, submerged aerated filters) routinely use significant amounts of energy directly associated with aeration provision. The efficiency of these plants depends on a range of factors which include the type of process installed, the design of individual plants, the flexibility of aeration plant control systems and the management of related treatment processes.

The high energy costs and carbon emissions associated with operating aeration plants presents a major challenge to the water utilities. Whilst water utilities have undertaken a range of initiatives to reduce costs in this area, opportunities for further substantial savings remain. This project will focus on four key areas:• Management of aeration equipment - filters, diffusers, blowers, aerators, oxygen transfer,

achieving turndown efficiently.• Control systems - economics and sophistication level appropriate for size/type of plant, new

developments in control methods.• Sensors for ASP control, what to use, how to operate.• Effective management of associated treatment processes.

• Substantial, sustainable energy/cost savings/reduction in carbon emissions.• A clearly defined methodology to deliver aeration plant efficiency across the organisation,

supported by a bespoke solution evaluation software tool. • Quantification of expected savings as energy/carbon.• Identification of a range of efficiency measures from minimal cost treatment/process control

improvements to capital maintenance and investment opportunities.• Liaison with other participants and project partners to learn about novel technologies and

approaches.

1. Investigate the energy efficiency opportunities associated with the management of aerationequipment, control systems, sensors and treatment processes.

2. Identify methodologies and data requirements to support the delivery of aeration plant efficiency energy savings.

3. Develop a bespoke solution evaluation software tool to support the aeration plant efficiency/ energy saving initiative.

4. Facilitate client meetings to support networking, knowledge sharing and liaison with projectpartners

• A bespoke solution evaluation software tool to support the aeration plant efficiency/energy savinginitiative.

• A manual containing methodologies and data requirements to support the delivery of aerationplant efficiency/energy savings.

• Knowledge transfer from meetings with participants and project partners.

• Pumps - Optimisation and Replacement, CP348a, 2009-ongoing.• Comparing Energy Efficiency: Where Are We Good?, CP310, 2007-ongoing.

PRICE£17,900

DURATION12 Months

WRc CONTACTDr Iain Naismith

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865111

[email protected]

PRICE£19,750

DURATION12 Months


TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865086

[email protected]


15


CP407Sewer Blockages -Predicting Where and When


Benefits to Clients

Work Programme

Project Output

Related Work

This project will link directly into a four year EPSRC/STREAM funded Eng D research study, being undertaken by WRc and The University of Exeter. The aim is to move sewer operation and design from empirically derived rules - based on practices evolved over many years under standard conditions - to one that can take account of changes to boundary conditions. These changes can include: input flow regime (water efficiency measures); input solids regime (change in sanitary practices, user behaviour) and sewer condition (defects).

The first stage of this project will create the concept model and identify the data and information requirements to enable fully informed plans for blockage reduction to be developed. It will also provide participants with the opportunity to steer the final output to one that will be readily implemented within their business, leading to better performance of sewers and lateral drains and making proactive maintenance a reality.

• First steps in new design rules for sewers to accommodate water efficiency drivers whilereducing propensity to block.

• Improved prediction of where and when blockages are most likely to occur.• Quantitative assessment of blockage risks and costs for PR14 planning.• Outputs from the Eng D programme tailored to participants needs.

A detailed, staged, programme will be fine tuned to ensure that the final output will be functional, practical and implementable. The main elements of Stage One will be to:1. Review and critically assess current knowledge and practices, drawing heavily from recent WRc

work on flows/solids behaviour in small sewers and drains.2. Collate and analyse existing experimental data, including participants' data.3. Develop a concept model, gap analysis and end-user requirements.

Participants are only being asked to commit to Stage One, subsequent stages will include: model development for sewer blockages; development guidelines for new design principles; extrapolation/validation to real systems; and implementation support.

• Blockage Matrix: the concept model setting out the factors leading to blockages ranked in orderof importance together with actions available for mitigation.

• Gap analysis and action plan to collect data and information needed to develop the business planfor 2014.

• Detailed, customised plan for remaining programme.

Outputs from subsequent stages will include sewer design rules with low-flow specific guidance, the working predictive model, the final model and an implementation package.

• Effect of Reduced Water Usage on Sewer Solids Movement, CP367, 2009.• Implications of Water Efficiency Measures “Less Water to Waste”, Environment Agency 2007.• Understanding Blockages in Small Diameter Pipes and the Development of Blockage Scoring

Tables, CP283/CP283a, 2007.

PRICE£7,500

DURATION12 Months

WRc CONTACTMr Nick Orman

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865117

[email protected]

TOPIC AREASewerage


16

PRICE£12,200

DURATION6 Months

WRc CONTACTMrs Margarita Cabrera

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865005

[email protected]

TOPIC AREASewerage


Benefits to Clients

Work Programme

Project Output

Related Work

Dosing chemicals to control septicity in sewers costs Sewerage Undertakers considerable sums of money. But a failure to control septicity results in: erosion and ultimately very expensive collapse of the sewer network; health and safety restrictions from high concentrations of H S; and odour 2

complaints where H S is emitted to the atmosphere.2

The objective of this project is to provide Sewerage Undertakers with cost effective options to control septicity in sewers and sewer corrosion.

A thorough understanding of the factors that lead to a build-up of septicity in sewage and the mechanisms of chemical erosion will be developed and the options for mitigation will be identified. These will be used to derive a decision model for determining the most cost effective solutions for the range of situations found in sewerage systems.

The project will draw from existing information and will identify if further investigations would be cost-beneficial.

• Optimise costs associated with control of septicity.• Improve management of septicity in sewers.• Reduce corrosion and odour complaints resulting from septicity.

1. Literature/knowledge review based on initial root-cause analysis of septicity generation andsewer corrosion by H S attack.2

2. Feasibility review of solutions in terms of practicality, chance of success, estimated costs and how to categorise effectiveness.

3. Develop decision model for determining the most cost effective option for dealing with septicityand sewer corrosion under different situations.

4. Gap analysis.5. Validation/demonstration of decision model.

• Comprehensive list of options for controlling septicity and corrosion, with practicalities and costsassessed.

• A decision model for determining the most cost effective options for the control of septicity insewers and corrosion by H S attack.2

• Report containing the findings of the project and dissemination workshop.

• Use of Additives to Control Odour in Wastewater Treatment Processes, CP260, 2006.• Odour Control in Rising Mains, CP017, 2006. • Proactive Low Cost Monitoring for Sewer Cleaning, CP258, 2007.• Rising Mains Guidance Manual, CP284, 2006.• Odour Development in Rising Mains, Portfolio, 2000.

CP408Septicity in Rising Mainsand H S Corrosion in Sewers2


17

CP<><>

PRICE£17,900

DURATION12 Months

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865111

[email protected]

TOPIC AREAUnderground Assets

PRICE£POA

DURATION6 Months

WRc CONTACTMr Peter Henley

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865022

[email protected]

TOPIC AREASewerage

CP371aRising Mains Inspection -Getting the Inside Picture


Benefits to Clients

Work Programme

Project Output

Related Work

The Portfolio project CP371 - New Inspection Methods of Sewage Rising Mains, which gained the support of seven Water Utilities, has successfully identified potential techniques for surveying and assessing the condition of critical rising mains.

The next phase for the project is to assess the techniques in a series of live trials which will determine the performance of the prototype inspection tools in sewage rising mains. The project will then, for the successful systems, develop a business plan for future implementation and exploitation by the project participants.

Trials will be undertaken at agreed locations in participants networks. Sites would be targeted where problems are believed to exist and the involvement of all participants would be sought.

• Reduce bursts in rising mains.• Reduce pollution incidents.• Reduce disruption and cost of repair.

1. Develop inspection specification including site data collection; cost data collation; performanceindicators and likely scenarios.

2 Develop scoring/ranking methodology to compare the advantages and disadvantages of thetechniques agreed.

3. Analyse locations proposed by participants.4. Carry out trials.5. Review costs and performance.6. Liaise with participants to develop exploitation plan and implementation programme.

• Rising mains inspection specification for successful technique(s).• Case studies of inspection of selected participants' rising mains.• Exploitation plan and implementation programme. • Dissemination workshop.

• Five years commercial application of the Sahara inspection platform for the identification andlocation of leaks and condition in pressurised systems.

• New Sewage Rising Mains Inspection Methods, CP371, 2009.• Reducing Rising Mains Failures Through Pre-Emptive Inspection, CP192, 2004.


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PRICE£19,980

DURATION6 Months

WRc CONTACTMs Jennifer Horn

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865104

[email protected]

TOPIC AREAWFD


Benefits to Clients

Work Programme

Project Output

Related Work

The Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC) is a mandatory cap and trade emissions trading scheme due to commence in April 2010 covering large, non energy-intensive sectors including the water industry. The Government expects water companies to fully meet any obligations under the CRC and that no barriers will be put in place that will prevent the scheme's objectives and requirements being achieved.

The first Water Framework Directive (WFD) River Basin Management Plans were published in December 2009. Concern has been expressed by the Water Industry and Ofwat that the Programmes of Measures have been unfairly focused on the water industry. The water industry is also concerned about the conflict between a potentially increased carbon footprint to meet more stringent WFD standards in receiving waters, and the achievement of its CRC obligations.

This project will calculate carbon budgets for WFD Programmes of Measures to establish if there are alternative ways of meeting WFD catchment standards that also contribute to meeting carbon reduction objectives.

• Informed information to support negotiations with regulators to obtain a fairer apportionment ofcosts and benefits of WFD measures, whilst helping it to achieve its CRC obligations.

1. Hold start-up meeting with Project Steering Group to finalise the terms of reference for the study.2. Identify sectors contributing to WFD Programme of Measures.3. Review carbon balances and accounts associated with activities of the identified sectors.4. Assess comparability of the methods associated with each activity and sector.5. Develop a potential integrated method for harmonised carbon accounting of WFD Programme of

Measures.6. Test proposed method on a WFD Programme of Measures.7. Present findings to the Project Steering Group.8. Revise and finalise method with recommendations on how it could be applied and further

developed to fill any identified information gaps or method incomparabilities.

• An integrated methodology for carbon accounting of Programmes of Measures.

• The Carbon Accounting Workbook. UKWIR, 2008-2009.• WFD Sustainable Treatment Solutions for Achieving Good Ecological Status. UKWIR, 2007-2008.• Management of work to undertake a scoping study on the Carbon Balance of Hydropower Under

the WFD Framework Contract (DG ENV 2009).• Technical assistance to support implementation of the Water Framework Directive. Directorate

General, Environment (DG ENV), 2002 - ongoing.

CP409Carbon Accounting WFDProgrammes of Measures

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CP362bSustainable Options Phosphorusand Nitrogen Removal

CP395Good Practice for Use ofUltrasonic Level Sensors

FUNDING£17,000

EXPECTED DELIVERYJuly 10

WRc CONTACTMr Andy Godley

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865060

[email protected]

TOPIC AREAMonitoring


Benefits to Clients

The Environment Agency's Monitoring Certification Scheme - MCERTS - has been operating for five years and many wastewater treatment plant certificates are coming up for renewal. Concern has, however, been raised by MCERTS Inspectors and by the MCERTS Effluent Flow Scheme project steering committee (comprising water utility, inspector and regulator representatives) about the uncertainty of a major component of the flow measurement system - the level sensors.

Top-down ultrasonic sensors are the most widely used type of device, however their accuracy can be reduced by environmental factors such as temperature and solar radiation. A recent report suggested that current assumptions on such effects were too low, and that most sites would fail their re-certification if more realistic values were used.

This project is developing clear guidance, based on sound theory and hard experimental data to ensure that measurement accuracy is maintained and adequate specifications can be given to relevant contractors. The impact of target plates for sensor verification and sensor location on measurement accuracy is also being investigated

• Confidence that ultrasonic level sensors will meet MCERTS requirements.• Reducing the uncertainty for a level sensor will reduce its contribution to the overall uncertainty

budget which may allow some flexibility in other areas.• Improved level measurement in other common applications, e.g. CSO spill detection and pump

control for wet wells, leading to better control and monitoring.

PRICE£16,500

EXPECTED DELIVERYJune 10


TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865086

[email protected]



Benefits to Clients

Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N) removal processes are widespread in wastewater treatment but the demands of existing and planned legislation could threaten the sustainability of some of the processes currently used. There is the prospect that total N limits will need to be met at many more sites; with P and N limits likely to be included in the discharge consents for small works. Meanwhile, fertiliser costs are increasing and, with recent advances in technology, P and N recovery could become economically viable, especially if carbon is included in the equation.

Alternative methods for P removal at small sites, such as electro-coagulation and the use of adsorption are available. The optimal choice for conversion of existing process sequences for N removal, for example those which include BAFFs, is not always apparent, and removal of P and N from sludge liquor at some sites may be the best choice.

This project is developing clear, informed guidance on how to optimise investment in N and P removal. It is examining the sustainability factors associated with P and N removal, including the energy/carbon footprint of chemicals used, the associated treatment plant, biological P removal processes and options for P and N recovery. The potential release of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas, and the use of alternatives to methanol as a supplementary carbon source is also being examined.

• Better informed decisions on investment in new and additional plant.• More sustainable removal or recovery of P and N.

On-Going Projects PortfolioCollaborativeResearch

20

PRICE£19,000

EXPECTED DELIVERYAugust 10

WRc CONTACTDr Andy Russell

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865130

[email protected]

TOPIC AREASewerage

On-Going ProjectsPortfolioCollaborativeResearch

CP397Post 2011 - A New Approach toSmall Bore Drainage Management

PRICE£9,000


WRc CONTACTMr Peter Henley

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865022

[email protected]

TOPIC AREASewerage

CP398Transfer of Pitch Fibre Pipesto Sewerage Undertakers


Benefits to Clients

The transfer of private sewers and lateral drains to water utilities in 2011 will increase their sewerage assets by 70% to 100% and lead to greater operational activity and expenditure. Following a pipe failure, many stakeholders may be involved, including the householder, insurance company, local authority and sewerage undertaker and consistent and clear management will be key in effecting fast, high quality repairs, whilst ensuring costs are kept to a minimum and fairly apportioned.

This project is comprehensively updating the current Drain Repair Book, presently used by insurers as the good practice guide in 85% of all drainage claims. The revised edition will help raise standards whilst reducing drainage repair costs across the industry by standardising terminology and promoting best practice within pipe inspection, pipe condition assessment, and pipe repairs. A web based database of drain repair systems (manufacturers; suppliers; components; testing certificates) is also being developed to give participants easy access to a toolbox of key information.

Best practice guide will enable utilities to work with key stakeholders to:• Promote best practice in drain inspection, assessment and repair.• Reduce operational costs by establishing robust protocols.• Solve joint responsibility of pipe repair on drains by establishing a national framework.• Implement an auditable procedure to ensure quality control for contractors.• Use a website of approved independently verified repair systems with recorded parameters,

material test results and installation methods linked to the SRM website.


Benefits to Clients

A recent Portfolio project estimated that in the UK <65,000 km of private sewer and lateral drain pipes have been constructed from pitch fibre, with “hot spots” identified in the South and West of England, East Anglia, South Wales, Lancashire, West Yorkshire, Northern Ireland and Scotland. Asbestos was found in all pitch fibre samples taken, 11% containing the more dangerous form, Amosite (brown asbestos); which requires licensed disposal. Cured-in-place (CIPP) linings within these pipes showed up to a 65% reduction in flexural modulus due to organic chemicals within the pitch. In addition, according to Defra (2003) these pipes only have a 40 year design life expectancy - which many pipes have now exceeded.

With the transfer of private sewers and lateral drains to the sewerage undertakers now imminent, this project is identifying the best ways of managing legal, operational and technical aspects of pitch fibre pipes by:• conducting test programmes on causes of reduction in flexural modulus of CIPP linings;• updating the UK pitch fibre pipe location map and database of failure modes; and • reviewing the UK regulations for asbestos and available methods for renovating pitch fibre pipes.

• Identify the geographic location of pitch fibre pipes and understand the scale of the problem.• Be prepared for the risk and regulatory implications of ownership, repair and replacement.• Understand the detrimental effects of the pitch fibre on CIPP linings and allow the most

appropriate technical options to be determined.


21


Benefits to Clients

Sewerage Undertakers are under pressure to adopt geocellular SUD storage systems that are located in public open space. This has created a need for both design specifications and greater understanding of their long-term operation and maintenance.

These systems normally comprise buried modular plastic structures, which are stacked into the required volume. Concerns regarding their ongoing maintenance liability include:

• Deterioration in hydraulic performance e.g. from siltation within the storage; structure or clogging of media/perforated pipework feeding to and draining away from the structure.

• Structural integrity, particularly where the excavated material is mounded over the buried storage to avoid the cost of its disposal.

• Leak tightness.• Vulnerability of the materials to rodents, chemicals, oils, etc.• Access to the structures for maintenance/repair operations.

This project is identifying solutions to technical concerns, developing best practice guidance and preparing a draft specification for design, installation, operation and maintenance.

• Clear understanding of the implications of adopting of geocellular SUD systems.• Access to a common technical specification for these assets.• Better understanding of their operation and maintenance to inform business decisions.

PRICE£17,500

EXPECTED DELIVERYMarch 10


TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865130

[email protected]


CP329Specification and Maintenance of GeocellularUnderground SUD Storage Systems

CP364Carbon Accounting for Pipeline Installationand Rehabilitation Techniques


Benefits

Water industry suppliers are increasingly competing on environmental performance. Some suppliers of renovation lining systems are developing measures of the 'carbon footprint' for their products. However, estimating an embodied carbon measure - even for simple products - is a complex process, which, depending on scope and coverage, may require estimating greenhouse gas (GHG) from all relevant elements in the manufacture-supply-use-disposal chain.

Addressing the common interest of both suppliers and water utilities, this project will allow products to be compared on a “level playing field” by developing a consistent, robust and auditable Embodied or Life Cycle Carbon measure for pipeline installation and rehabilitation techniques; which will comply with Ofwat and Defra guidance.

• Provide quantitative information on the GHG emissions associated with AMP5 pipeline capital expenditure programmes.

• Better understand pipeline capital works contribution to overall company GHG emissions.• Help develop pipeline capital works programmes which demonstrably comply with corporate

GHG emissions targets.• Provide manufacturers with a common measure and protocol to quantify the 'carbon footprint' of

their products and an independent demonstration of 'carbon footprint'.

PRICE£17,900

DURATION12 Months

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865111

[email protected]


PRICE£18,000



TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865130

[email protected]

TOPIC AREACarbon Footprint

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CP359Water Efficiency Devices -Savings Assessment


Benefits to Clients

Ofwat has recently announced a new water supply and demand policy which includes water efficiency targets for water companies for the AMP 5 period and requires companies to: save an estimated one litre of water per property per day annually; improve information to customers; and, actively help improve the evidence base for water efficiency.

A cost-benefit analysis study of large scale water efficiency programmes, commissioned by the ministerially-led Water Saving Group, has recently been completed. The study estimated water savings from individual devices by disaggregating results from a basket of measures. The results indicated wide variation between studies and highlighted the need for more robust evaluation of the actual impact of commonly used water saving devices.

This project is collecting micro-component data, using WRc's Identiflow system, from a sample of domestic properties before and after water saving devices are installed. This will provide accurate assessments of the relative impact of different devices as a contribution to total savings and also enable any behavioural changes to be differentiated from appliance characteristic changes.

• Increased evidence base of impacts of commonly used water saving devices for future water efficiency or demand management planning at a microcomponent level.

• Provision of measured data to support regulatory reporting of water efficiency or demand reduction options.

PRICE£15,000


WRc CONTACTMiss Carmen Waylen

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865150

[email protected]

TOPIC AREASupply Demand Mgt.

PRICEOn Application

EXPECTED DELIVERYJuly 10

WRc CONTACTMr David Sivil

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865134

[email protected]

TOPIC AREAOperating Costs

CP347Development ofTR61 V10.0 Software


Benefits to Clients

TR61 is a sophisticated software package which enables estimates of capital and operating costs to be made in a consistent, robust and auditable manner. The inclusion of capital maintenance estimates enables the prediction of Whole Life Costs (WLC) for a wide range of options for water and wastewater treatment.

The usefulness of TR61 depends on its data and information being kept up-to-date. The current focus on carbon means that this now needs to be factored into assessments in a consistent and reliable way. This project is:

• Updating the capex models by including new capex data.• Reviewing and updating the opex models.• Including carbon emissions for constructing and operating facilities.

• Comprehensive costing tool for the water industry; enabling whole life costs and carbon emissions to be estimated for schemes.

• Ensure outputs from Capex models continue to reflect current utility best practices. • Enhanced Opex models that reflect the latest data available. • Estimation of carbon emissions for both building (embodied carbon) and operating water and

wastewater treatment assets.

This project is only available to UK Water Utilities (due to data supply/ownership issues)


23

PRICE£8,850



TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865065

[email protected]



Benefits to Clients

Regeneration of granular activated carbon (GAC) is a significant operating cost at many water treatment works, which is increasing with the identification of new problem organic micropollutants, particularly pesticides. Usually, regeneration frequency is established to safely minimise risk of breakthrough of contaminants, with a high level of security and associated cost.

This project is developing techniques for estimating GAC bed life with greater confidence to allow regeneration frequency and operating cost to be reduced. Ozonation is often used for pesticide degradation ahead of GAC, and the benefits of this will be taken into account in optimisation of GAC regeneration frequency. The software will be pre-calibrated with existing data, but a key feature will be the facility to update with operational data for specific works.

• Reduced operating cost for organic micropollutant removal without reducing the security oftreatment.

• Risk assessment tool for Drinking Water Safety Plan (DWSP) development and implementation.

CP393Optimising GranularActivated Carbon Regeneration


Benefits

Recent changes to the drinking water regulations have led to UK water companies installing UV disinfection for Cryptosporidium inactivation and, over the next few years, many more plants will be installed for general disinfection or specifically for Cryptosporidium. DWI is producing guidance on the use of UV for Cryptosporidium inactivation, and a key requirement will be the need for dose validation. This project will deliver independent practical advice on how best to comply with DWI guidance in relation to specific UV technology for defined situations.

Leading expertise on UV technology is being provided by Dr Andreas Kolch of Hytecon GmbH. Dr Kolch has over 15 years UV disinfection experience and, as past President of the International UV Association, brings considerable worldwide UV industry contacts.

• Compliance with DWI requirements, including dose validation.• Cost-effective process selection, design and operation of UV equipment from a better

understating of the UV market and technology and improved liaison with suppliers.

CP377Implementing UV Disinfectionfor Water

PRICE£17,900

DURATION12 Months

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865111

[email protected]


PRICE£12,000



TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865065

[email protected]


PRICE£17,900

DURATION12 Months


TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865111

[email protected]

PRICE£9,900

EXPECTED DELIVERYDecember 10


TELEPHONE+44 (0) 7771 848048

[email protected]

TOPIC AREAWater Quality


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Benefits to Clients

The Drinking Water Inspectorate's (DWI's) June 2008 annual report called on water utilities to “up their game” in controlling plumbing related risks within buildings. High levels of nickel in random samples from consumer's taps were cited among the substances of issue to DWI.

Concerns focus on the practice of the over-spray of nickel coating within taps in order to ensure bonding of chrome plating. Stakeholders (water utilities, manufacturers and regulators) suggest various causes and effects including: retention of stagnant water within some tap models; the effect of attaching water saving devices to nozzles; the characteristics of the supplied water and the internal geometry of tapware.

This project is enhancing the collective understanding of the nickel leaching issue to both encourage and support the objective resolution of the problem by the stakeholders. Within the context of UK water quality regulatory compliance, the project is collating and reviewing the range of theories proposed by sector stakeholders and evaluating the supporting evidence base. Focused experimental work is investigating the key issues, as appropriate.

• Improved collective understanding by stakeholders of causes and the supporting evidence.• Demonstration of commitment to resolve the issue. • Greater certainty for supply chains, end users and regulators.• Improved ability to objectively influence the resolution of the issue.• Reduced opportunity for inappropriate products to penetrate the UK plumbing market.

CP394Improving Drinking Water Quality -Nickel Leaching from Chrome Plated Tapware

WRc-NSF

CP310Comparing Energy Efficiency:Where Are We Good?


Benefits to Clients

Pumps and treatment plants are major energy users. Despite the similarity between works and supply systems, there is wide variation in the amount of energy used per unit of production.

Supported by major UK, Irish and Italian water utilities, this successful programme has developed a web-based benchmarking software tool to enable energy use comparisons at both the process and works level. Pilot studies have now been completed at each participating company and, in the current phase of the project, software is rolled out for use at any application that the participants wish. Information on works design and operation is being collected, together with data on flows and electricity use, to calculate and compare Energy Performance Indicators, which form the basis for the benchmarking.

• Reduced energy costs by eliminating identified waste and inefficiency.• Targeting of Capex and maintenance to those elements that are least efficient and the greatest

energy users.• Improved planning of future energy costs on the basis of achievable efficiencies rather than on

arbitrary targets.

PRICEOn application

EXPECTED DELIVERYNovember 11

WRc CONTACTMr Dave Landon

TELEPHONE+44 (0) 1793 865087

[email protected]

TOPIC AREAEnergy Efficiency

ResearchForesight

Partnership

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