Kayla Kaufman McElhoePortfolio of Graduate Work

Table of Contents

401 Wabash Avenue ........................... 1

Lake Michigan Pavilion ...................... 11

NetZero Education Center ................. 19

Community Hospital .......................... 33

401 Wabash AvenueChicago, Illinois Fall 2010 Team Project: Michelle Ryland

This project was a re-design of Trump Tower in Chicago, Illinois. Located in the heart of downtown, at the intersection of Wabash Avenue and the Chicago River, 401 Wabash was designed to maintain and enhance the beauty, culture and sophistication of this world-class city, and to symbolize the growth, energy and innovation of Chicago. The building offers an exceptional lifestyle for the building users through stunning architecture, unparalleled views, and new standards in amenities for guests and residents. The program included a hotel, residential, office and retail spaces, parking, as well as improvments to the riverwalk.

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View North on Wabash Avenue

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Site Plan

Chicago River

Wabash Avenue

0 20 40 80 160 feet N

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L80 | Mechanical

L62 — L79 | Upper Condominium

L61 | Mechanical

L43 — L60 | Lower Condominium

L42 | Mechanical

L24 — L41 | Hotel

L23 | Mechanical

L7 — L22 | Office

L6 | MechanicalL4 — L5 | Hotel AmenitiesL2 — L3 | RetailL1 | LobbyL-1 — L-2 | RetailL-3 — L-8 | Parking

The Riverwalk

The Riverwalk provides a strong connection between 401 Wabash and Michigan Avenue. Visitors can enjoy the grassy terrace and the open-air retail center along the Chicago River. As they stroll between the colonnade of trees on the upper terrace or along the river at th elower Riverwalk, they are fully engaged in the site, enticing them to explore more of what 401 Wabash has to offer.

Hotel Entrance

Condo Entrance

Office Entrance

Retail Entrance

Fire CommandCenter

0 10 20 40 80 feet N

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Level 1: Lobby

Riverwalk

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Aerial View from Lake Michigan 0 15 30 60 120 feet N

Level -1: Lower Wabash Retail

Level -2: Riverwalk Retail

Level -3 to -8: Parking

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Levels 2-3: Retail

Longitudinal Elevation Transverse Elevation

Levels 4-5: Hotel Amenities Levels 7-22: Office (Option C)

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Required Core GSF / floor Total GSF Total NSF Occupancy Efficiency Program EfficiencyLobby As required 6,336 30,800 24,464 79.4%

Floors 1Retail 100,000 6,336 92,526 79,854 86.3% ‐7.5%

Floors 2Parking As required 6,336 454,831 410,479 90.2%

Floors 7Amenity As required 6,336 59,760 47,088 78.8%

Floors 2Office 500,000 6,336 435,840 334,464 76.7% ‐12.8%

Floors 16Hotel 450,000 5,500 477,792 378,792 79.3% 6.2%

Floors 18Condominium 600,000 3,275 639,072 521,172 81.6% 6.5%

Floors 36Mechanical As required

Lower Wabash 6336 18550 12,214 65.8%Retail 6,336 29,520 23,184 78.5%Office 6,336 25,200 18,864 74.9%Hotel 5,500 21,552 16,052 74.5%

Lower Condo 3,275 17,904 14,629 81.7%Upper Condo 3,275 14,256 10,981 77.0%

Exterior Public Space As required 0 92,500 92,500 100.0%

TOTAL 2,600,000 2,410,103 1,984,737 82.4% ‐7.3%

0 15 30 60 120 feet N

Levels 24-41: Hotel

Building Efficiency Calculations

Levels 43-60: Lower Condominium Levels 62-79: Upper Condominium

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Mechanical Riser Diagrams

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Fireman’s Elevator

Egress Stairs

Condominiums

Water & Drainage

Electrical & Telecommunications

Hotel

Office

Health Spa

Retail

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Elevator Riser Diagram

Elevator Organization

Residential Structural System

Office Structural System

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1113Lake Michigan PavilionChicago, Illinois Fall 2009 Team Project: Michelle Mantegna

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This project was a proposal for a new beachfront along Lake Michigan. The existing site is under-developed breaking connections between the communities of Evanston and Chicago. Currently, it is difficult to navigate the site and access the beaches. The newly proposed site links the last one-quarter mile of biking and walking paths to Chicago’s thirty-six miles of lakefront. The design provides visitors with a place to enjoy all that Lake Michigan has to offer. It includes orientation kiosks, public walkways and bicycle paths, an education center, café, public restrooms, a sheltering pavilion, and market kiosks for a weekly Farmer’s Market. The proposed architecture, landscape and site design educate visitors on the value of water and encourage people to exercise, building a healthier population in the Chicago area.

Northeast View toward Lake Michigan

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Water and sun have an awe-inspiring relationship with each other. It is alluring the way the sun reflects on water, the way water reflects light, and how people are enticed to reflect on this relationship. This water pavilion experientially celebrates water and sun, creating places for observation, interaction, and reflection.

Northwest View from Peninsula

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The sun reflecting off of the stainless steel steps on the peninsula creates a mirage effect. This effect acts like a natural lighthouse drawing visitors to the end of the site and prompting them to look back and reflect on the beach. Once people arrive at the end of the peninsula, they can interact with the human sun dial. The stainless steel platforms create steps leading up to the top of the peninsula. During the winter these steps are warmed by the sun creating a warm oasis. During the summer, people can enjoy lying on the cool grass terraces.

Site Plan 0 10 20 40 80 feet N

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Park Market KioskCafe and Restrooms Patio Beach

Education Center

Boardwalk Obser-vationDeck

Lake Michigan New Cove

Active Participant Passerby Observer Passerby Observer Active Observer Active Participant

Running Path

The market kiosks are located on the north side of the pavilion. The tables can be rented by local vendors and easily pulled out from the rainscreen. Passerbys can stop along the path to grab a quick snack and enjoy the sun on the patio.

The cafe, located directly below the main boardwalk, is like an oasis within the wave. Continuing the tensile wave form, the interior is completely white, creating a blank canvas for nature to paint.

Section through Site

North Park and Market Kiosks

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Park Market KioskCafe and Restrooms Patio Beach

Education Center

Boardwalk Obser-vationDeck

Lake Michigan New Cove

Active Participant Passerby Observer Passerby Observer Active Observer Active Participant

Running Path

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Cafe Dining

Kitchen

Patio

Lock

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Family Restrooms

CafeRestrooms

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North PatioMarket Kiosks

Dual Running Path and Delivery Route

Tensile Structure Supports

Water Feature and Drinking

Fountain

Beach

Parking Lot Above

Boardwalk Above

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Viewing platforms on the south side of the boardwalk provide a space for passerbys to sit and reflect on the lake’s relationship with the sun. Sunrises can be seen from this space, as well as views of the peninsula and surrounding sites.

Passerby Observer Active Observer Active Participant

North Park and Market Kiosks

Lower Floor Plan0 5 10 20 40 feet N

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The patio is made of white concrete, conceptually completing the tensile wave form. It wraps around and underneath the building, paralleling the movement of crashing waves. The concrete is coated with titanium dioxide, which captures sunlight, triggering a catalytic reaction and virtually cleaning the air around the patio.

A major means of circulation throughout the space is a boardwalk, an iconic means of circulation on a beach. Made of Juniper wood, it creates a nice aroma when abraded by sand and holds up to the elements. The tensile structure above frames eastern views of Lake Michigan and creates shelter from the elements.

The education center, located on the north side of the boardwalk, has an open floor plan for flexible art, interactive displays and educational activities. The education center overlooks the north park and market kiosks, providing a different view of Lake Michigan.

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The orientation kiosks are located on the north and south sides of the site welcoming patrons to the beach. Announcements and orientation maps are displayed on the tensile shade structures. Their materiality provides a visual link to the main boardwalk, providing a means of wayfinding throughout the site.

North Orientation Kiosk

South Orientation Kiosk

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19NetZero Education CenterLong Beach, California Spring 2010 Team Project: Justine Kane, Howard Yu & Geoffrey Clarkson

This project was part of The Leading Edge Competition held in Long Beach, CA. An awareness of the need for energy efficiency can only be conveyed through education, demonstration and practice. The goal of the design was to create a community center, both for education in energy efficiency and employment training. The program includes classrooms, offices, workshops, a library, and community gathering spaces. This education center creates an educational and sustainable atmosphere, while emphasizing affordability, constructability, and versatility through its various forms of sustainable strategies and design features. The building is designed to be a net-zero building by utilizing various passive strategies.

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Entry Sequence Our team studied the design of the Getty Villa in Pasadena, California, paying close attention to the way it draws visitors in and leads them through the spaces. As visitors approach our site, the building slowly reveals itself behind the rolling hills along Long Beach Boulevard. The hills gradually decrease in size and intensity as the visitors approach the entrance. Once they discover the entrance, they cross a bridge, giving them a glimpse of the site that was hidden from the street. The entrance lobby displays a 2-story wall of falling water, collecting in an elongated, narrow pool. The overflow from the pool travels beneath a glass floor, leading the visitors onto a crosswalk that reveals an open-air courtyard. Visitors follow this axis, bringing them to the vertical circulation. From this point, they are able to discover the rest of the building in any combination of ways through physical exploration or through the dnamic versatility of the building.

West Entrance

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Long Beach Boulevard

West Entrance

Site Plan 0 5 10 20 40 feet N

The center will be powered through the use of 7,100 ft2 of photovoltaic panels which will provide up to 640 KwH per day. The panels are also part of a solar tri-generation system which will generate power and hot water simultaneously. When necessary, the hot water will be used to condition the spaces with anabsorption chiller and radiant heating system.

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61° 61°Sunset Azimuth June 21st

Sunrise Azimuth June 21st

The education center’s form was driven by the optimization of natural ventilation and daylighting. The use of two narrow masses, as compared to one large mass, allows daylight to penetrate every space and channels the prevalent winds from the northwest to naturally ventilate the building.

Level-1 Level 1 - Main

South Elevation

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0 6 12 24 48 feet N

Level 2

West Elevation

Level 3

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An increasing concern in the Long Beach area is the growning number of shipping containers. The exterior of the building utilizes recycled shipping containers from nearby shipping yards. Their modular design allows the center to use nearly 75% of each container, minimizing on waste material. The panels will also double as vertical shading along the east and west facades. Horizontal shading devices and light shelves, also cut from recycled shipping containers, are placed on the south façade, reducing solar heat gain throughout the day while still reflecting natural light into occupied spaces.

The south curtain wall incorporates an LED curtain system for showing movies at community events. The south end of the site is terraced from grade up to the railroad embankment, creating natural seating for picnics, performances, or screenings. To increase daylighting to the lowest level of the building, the land around the building will be terraced down four feet. The excavated dirt will be re-used for the rolling hills along the Long Beach Boulevard entry path, which dramatically reduces the need for energy by eliminating the need to transport the excavated soil.

South Terrace

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Water shortage is an issue that has made itself evident in recent years, especially in Southern California. Eco-Machines cleanse collected wastewater through a series of cleansing cycles, beginning with the anaerobic stage within a septic tank below grade. It is then pumped up to the third-floor Eco-Machines for the aerobic stage, where the water

is filtered through ten 150-gallon tanks and cleansed by plants, algae, and fish in a 50-hour natural process. This cleansed water then becomes a water feature that falls into the narrow pool in the lobby, then into large pools in the courtyard. This is where the final stage, the polishing stage, occurs as the water is further cleansed by plants and other natural processes. The clean product can then be reused for flushing toilets, irrigation and exterior washing.

Interior Courtyard

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Transverse Section

Section Callout

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Section Callout

Longitudinal Section

A NanaWall system is used on the lowest level to open the student lounge, and all windows will be operable to

enhance natural ventilation.

30 Solar panels on the rooftops convert solar radiation into electricity to be used throughout the building

The cladding for the building is corrugated steel, salvaged from used ship-ping containers found at local shipping yards

The vertical shades along the east and west facades are cut and bent out from the corrugated steel cladding, reducing valuable time and resources

Insulation slows the transfer of energy between the interior and the exterior, maintaining a relatively constant indoor temperature

Concrete is used as the primary structure for the building, doubling as a thermal mass to help control variations in temperature

Fly ash, a byproduct of the coal industry, is used in place of portland ce-ment to reduce the embodied energy of the structure

Full Wall Section

31Light-colored walls reflect natural light deep into the space

Glazing on the west side provides natural light from the courtyard Reflective shades

block direct sun-light, but reflect dif-fused light into the space

Thick concrete walls provide thermal mass

PowerLeap uses sensors along the edges of the floor to capture energy from vi-brations as peo-ple walk

The angle of the vertical shades on the east and west facades are based on the sunrise and sunset azimuths of June 21st. This shields the building from harsh morning and evening light.

61°

Summer Radiant Cooling

Winter Radiant Heating

Drains collect rainwater to be reused throughout the building

Frosted glass walkways allow diffused light into the classrooms below

Terraces bring natural light into the lowest level of the building

Warm air is pushed out through operable clearstory windows

Cool air is pulled in through large operable windows

Classroom Section

Classroom Plan

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33Community Hospital Gardez, Paktya, Afghanistan Spring 2011 Team Project: Angeline Stimpson

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For this project, we worked alongside OWP/P | CannonDesign to design a Community Hospital in Gardez, a city in eastern Afghanistan. The greatest challenge of the project was incorporating all geographical, cultural and social aspects of the community, amidst the general organizational challenges of a hospital. The program included emergency, imaging, surgery, and labor & delivery departments, a laboratory, a pharmacy, an outpatient clinic, seperate men’s and women’s nursing wards, and also administration and back-of-house services. Due to geographical limitations, the entire hospital had to be built on one level.

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Site PlanDiagnostic & Therapeutic

Nursing Wards

Additional Programming

Primary Circulation

Administration

Support

Burial Site

ServiceEntry

AmbulanceEntry

Guest & Staff Entry

OutpatientEntrance

Main Entrance

Emergency Entrance

Service Entrance

Women’s Wards

Men’s Wards

Surgery

LabsImaging

EmergencyLabor & Delivery

Dining

Religious Center

Admin.

OutpatientRehab.

Pharmacy

Educational & Nutritional Programs

Family Housing

0 25 75 175 feet N

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Public Semi-Public Local

• Red lines represent main highways in the

city. The red nodes symbolize roundabouts where the public roads intersect.

• Blue lines connect the main highways to the subdivision roads, colored yellow. These roads are usually only used if you know where you are going.

• Yellow lines are the local roads like subdivisions and neighborhood streets.

• Red lines correspond to the public hallways with circulation desks and a water feature, similar to the nodes in the city of Gardez.

• Blue lines are the interdepartmental hallways that could be used by clinicians as well as public occupants who know where they are going.

• Yellow lines are the hallways used by individualized departmental circulation. It is assumed that these hallways are not public.

In an effort to create simple circulation for visitors, we decided to model the circulation of the hospital after something familiar to the people of Gardez - their own city. Our team analyzed the layout of the city of Gardez in order to relate the organization of the city to the organization of the hospital. We believe that having a hospital designed around local traffic patterns could help with way-finding for a population with extremely low literacy rates. Circulation is based on three main patterns:

City of Gardez Community Hospital

Circulation

Main Entrance to Hospital

The large Iwan arch entryway draws the attention of visitors to the main entrance when they enter the hospital complex. A round-about is

centered in front of the main entrance to allow easy drop-off and pick-up of patients.

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Aerial View

Due to the high siezmic activity in the area, most buildings are only built to one story. For a hospital, in particular, this creates some interesting challenges with respect to the intersections between clinical hallways, sterile corridors, and public hallways. Our focus throughout the project was on function, efficiency, and patient safety and privacy.

Diagnostic & Therapeutic

Nursing Wards

Additional ProgrammingAdministration

Support Primary Circulation

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N0 15 45 105 feet

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Community Center

ReligiousCenter

FamilyWaiting

Courtyard

The Bazaar

Loggia

The courtyard provides a buffer zone between the public Bazaar and more private men’s ward. A religious center was added for patients, staff, family and bazaar users. The religious center is oriented toward the south-east, facing Mecca, to respect those with Islamic belief. A water fountain in the middle of the Bazaar provides a elegant setting for ablution, or cleansing before prayer. A loggia connects the indoor and outdoor Bazaar, blurring the line between indoor and outdoor dining spaces.

Men’s

Wards

Dining Hall

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Loggia with Outdoor Bazaar

Interior Bazaar Section

View of Bazaar Hallway

Due to the small percentage of people who utilize current hospital services, a major goal was to design a hospital that would encourage use of the facility for reasons health-related or not. The Bazaar promotes community involvement within a hospital setting. The hope is that visitors will become comfortable in a clinical setting, and when health issue arise, they will be more likely to visit the hospital.

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D&T: Emergency

Staff

Staff

Doctor’s Office

ExamRooms

Triage

NurseStation

Waiting Room

Ambulance Drop-off

TreatmentRoom

Plaster Room

IsolationRooms

Currently, the city of Gardez has no infrastructure for emergency situations. However, the hope is to have an ambulance service in the near future.

Therefore, the emergency department is designed with an ambulance drop-off.

To Imaging

Guest Emergency Entrance

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D&T: Imaging

X-Ray 1

X-Ray 2

UltrasoundRoom

WaitingRoom

From Emergency

D&T: Outpatient Services

Dental

Vaccination

Health Education

Outpatient Exam Rooms

Outpatient Exam Rooms

This department was designed with an open layout to ensure easy navigation. A health education center was added to the original program to promote healthy lifestyles for Afghan community members. To encourage families to visit the clinic, flexible waiting areas are spacious enough for large families.

The program called for one x-ray room in the emergency department and one x-ray room in the imaging department. The two x-ray rooms were placed adjacent to each other to accommodate surges in either department.

Outpatient Entrance

NurseStation

To Pharmacy and Rehabilitation

Additional Outpatient Entrance

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D&T: Surgery and Laboratory

Courtyard

StaffLockers

StaffLockers

Clean Corridor

PACU and Prep Bays

Soiled

Clean

OperatingRoom 2

OperatingRoom 3

OperatingRoom 1

Sterilization

Decontamination

IsolationRoom

NurseStation

Laboratory

Blood Bank

The surgery department is located directly next to the emergency department to maximize care for critical patients. The clean corridor is located directly between the operating rooms and the sterilization & decontamination rooms for easy transfer of clean supplies. The centralized nurses

station oversees patients in the PACU bays, prep bays and the isolation room. The laboratory and blood bank are strategically located adjacent to the operating rooms.

From Emergency

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D&T: Surgery and Laboratory D&T: Labor and Delivery

Labor and Recovery Bays

Delivery Bay

Delivery Bay

C-Section Bay

Staff Lounge

Soiled

CleanEquip.

Storage

Med. Gas Storage

Nursery

NurseStation

NurseStation

Family Waiting and Kitchen

Courtyard

The labor and recovery bays are located along a central courtyard to provide optimum views and daylight to female patients. Coupled nurse stations control access into this department. A family waiting room, complete with a full kitchen, provides a comfortable place for family to relax during extended stays.

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Men’s Nursing Ward

StaffStaff

Exam Room

Day Room

On-Call

Isolation Room

Isolation Room

Nurse’s Lounge

Patient Rooms

In Afghanistan’s culture, it is tradition to separate the wards by gender. This design places the men’s wards on the south side of the hospital and the women’s wards to the north. The orientation of the

beds allows patient to sleep on their right side, facing Mecca honoring Islamic preference. A courtyard connects the two Men’s Wards through a day room.

NursesStation

Courtyard

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Men’s Nursing Ward Women’s Nursing WardThe women’s ward is located directly adjacent to the emergency, surgery and labor & delivery departments to maximize female patient privacy during their stay at the hospital, per religious preferences. The women patients have a private clinical corridor to transfer them between departments without overlapping with male patient circulation.

StaffStaff

Exam Room

Day Room

On-Call

Isolation Room

NursesStation

Nurse’s Lounge

Patient Rooms

Courtyard

Isolation Room

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View from Nurses Station

The nurse-to-patient ratio in Afghanistan is very high. To maximize efficiency for nurses, we decided on a 4-bed patient room, with the privacy of a 2-bed patient room. The entrance to the room is centrally located so the nurse can see all patients simultaneously when entering the room. Bathrooms flank either side of the room so they are easily accessible for severely disabled patients. Each bathroom is then shared with the adjoining patient room, so there are no more than 4 patients per bathroom.

Patient Room Module

47Patient Zone

Family Zone

Clinician Zone

An important part of the healing process is access to daylight. With the strict privacy standards held by the Islamic people, a big challenge was providing daylight simultaneously to every bedded patient. Our solution was through the use of clearstories above each bed. The correct angle was used to provide views of the sky, without any direct sunlight hitting the patient for an extended period of time.

Natural ventilation is also accomplished through the use of clearstories. As air (predominently from the northeast) passes over the peaks, a negative pressure is created in the valleys, drawing the warm air out of the

rooms through the clearstory windows.