Tutorial presentation: Ports

Laura AndradeDavid CotoDavid CoxArianna EspinozaNicole GarcíaCarolina Vélez

Logistic II “A”

Date: February/2016

• LecturerMr Max GalarzaGrade: 9

Ports as place

A port (or seaport) is a place at which the transfer of cargo and passengers to and from waterways and shores occurs.

The transfers are made to and from vessels.

Port is a place equipped to facilitate the necessary relation between ships and the land.

Talley, Port Economics.

“Maritime Policy & Management.”

Importance of ports

▪ According International Chamber of Shipping (2012), about 90% of world trade is carried by sea.

▪ Allow connectivity between maritime and terrestrial areas.

▪ Facilitates the relationship between the country and their business partners.

Disadvantages

▪ Some ports have shallow waters where ships converge thereby making them vulnerable to maritime accidents.

▪ Ports are places where costly delays can occur, cargo could be damaged.

Different players

▪ Shipper / Consignor / Consignee

▪ Shipping lines

▪ Charterers agents

▪ Customs

▪ Port authorities

▪ Container freight stations

▪ Surveyors

▪ Insurance Companies

Structure

Maritime Zone

Composed by some docks (according to the

type of goods)Facilitate berthing and

mooring of vessels.

Land Zone

Allow access, traffic, parking and operation of land transport, and

storage of goods (imports or exports).Customs services

Shuttle land modes.

Types of ports

Built on sea location (most along coastline).

Receive small and large vessels.

Have special facilities (warehouse, restaurants)

Seaports

Built on smaller water bodies (rivers or lakes).Access to the sea with a

canal system.Not able to allow deep

draft ship traffic.

Inland Ports

• Water does not freeze during the frosty winters.

• Examples:• Japan’s Kushiro• Vostochny Port (Russia

Warm Ports

Types of ports: Use

Engaged to the management of goods or

passengers (international/national

maritime traffic).Receive: cabotage vessels

and height.

To business

Engaged in the handling goods related to industries established in the port area

Industrials

Engaged to handle boats and specific products of

fishery industry.

Fishing

Type of port: Use

Engaged to the management of goods or passengers (international/national

maritime traffic).Receive: cabotage vessels and height.

Tourist

Engaged in the handling goods related to industries established in the port area

Military

Ports

▪ Ports are strategic geographical locations which are situated at the edge of ocean, seas, rivers, or lakes.

▪ These locations are then developed to inculcate facilities for loading and unloading of cargo ships.

Terminals

▪ Terminal is the set of facilities at a port where loading and unloading of cargo/container takes place.

▪ Some of the most common types of terminals are container terminal, bulk cargo terminal, LNG terminal etc.

Difference between ports and terminals.

Ports

Supply

chain

&

First stage: Ports as hub▪ Hubs: Points of distribution of goods.

▪ Port acts as a simple transhipment hub where freight passes between ships and land transport.

Second stage

▪ Focus on cost reduction: capacity utilization, maximizing the logistics operations and providing a buffer inventory zone.

▪ Inward flow of goods.

▪ The challenge for port operators is to find ways in which they can frequently meet different customer requirements without incurring an uneconomic escalation of cost

Third stage: Broader logistics zone ▪ The port transport system streamlines the port logistics activities from shippers to

consignees and vice-versa.

▪ Integrated intermodal transport systems: the ocean voyage, the transit through the port, and hinterland transport.

▪ Adoption of the Just-InTime (JIT) concept is a measure for internal integration towards a lean and agile port environment.

Fourth stage: port logistic scaleThe port logistics scale implies a change of focus to becoming more customer-oriented by means of cultivating end-end service delivery capability through :

▪ Vertical integration is where the basic freight forwarders excel in organizing intermodal movements which requires the capability to combine ocean freight and various overland transport modes to evolve into full logistics service providers.

▪ Horizontal integration implies a group of ports networking and willing to work together by means of horizontal partnerships to achieve the desired level of quality and customer service, share information and build credible long-term relationships.

Vertical integration Horizontal integration

Ports in Ecuador

Bolivar Port▪ It is located in the province “El Oro”.

▪ Port has a short Access cannel in the natural breakwater of Jambelí Island.

▪ It is a long-tern lease (2015): concession.

Bolivar Port:Port Scheme

Bolivar Port: Vessels

Pilotage Tugs Fairleads

Mechanical assistance Logistics services

Manta Port

▪ It is considered as the first tourist, maritime and fishing port of Ecuador.

▪ It has a geo-strategic location on the shores of the Pacific Ocean.

▪ Since 2010, port authority manage and operate the Port.

It is the nearest port to Asia in the west coast of South America

56 miles from the equator

25 miles from the international maritime route

24 hours to Panama Canal

Manta Port

Stowage Load and download Cargo movement Labor to load transfer

Storage Electric outlets

Manta Port: Containers

Manta Port: Vessels

Access Anchorage Pilotage

TugboatMooringWharfage

Manta Port: Cruise

Guayaquil Port

▪ It is located in an arm of the sea, the Estero Salado.

▪  Owned / administrated by the Port Authority which gave concessions to “Contecon Guayaquil S.A. and Andipuerto”.

▪ Handle: container, bulk cargo, breakbulk cargo

Guayaquil Port: Contecon services

Container dock Towing dock

Multipurpose dock

Port terminal in Guayaquil

▪ Port Terminal is a private port.

▪ Born from the need to improve port services in Guayaquil.

▪ Begins the operation in 2006.

▪ Services: Stow, storage of containers, loose cargo storage.

Port concessions▪ Delegation to private initiative

▪ Granting the right to a private company to occupy and exploit

▪ Port, land or aquatic areas

▪ More than 5 years

▪ Rehabilitate, improve and / or expand

▪ Provide services

CILTEC. (2012). Puertos marítimos | Trade and Logistics Innovaction Center. Retrieved January 16, 2016, from http://www.ciltec.com.mx/es/infraestructura-logistica/puertos-maritimos

DGPM. (n.d.). Definición y clasificación de puertos. Retrieved from http://www.puertoensenada.com.mx/upl/sec/Capitulo_02_Definicion_y_Clasificacion.pdf

Fundación Valencia. Valencia Port. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9DO-0Lpd8CA

Puerto de Manta. Instalacaciones del Puerto Retrieved from http://www.puertodemanta.gob.ec/quienes-somos/instalaciones

Radhika. The new role of seaports as integral parts of global supply chains. Retrieved from http://zenithresearch.org.in/images/stories/pdf/2012/April/EIJMMS/11_EIJMMS_VOL2_ISSUE4.pdf

Robinson, R. (2010). Maritime policy & Management. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03088830210132623

Rúa, C. (2006). Los puertos en el transporte marítimo. Retrieved from https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/handle/2117/289/8.%20Rua.pdf?sequence=1

Talley, W. (2009). Port Economics. Retrieved from http://www.univpgri-palembang.ac.id/perpus-fkip/Perpustakaan/Geography/Geografi%20manusia/Ekonomi%20Pelabuhan.pdf

Sources