post-accession conditionality. support instrument for continuous pressure?

8/22/2019 Post-Accession Conditionality. Support Instrument for Continuous Pressure?

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P-A CSupport Instrument for Connuous Pressure?

E Gv

No. 18 | October 2010

Working Paper


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2 | KFGWorking Paper No. 18 | October 2010

KFG Working Paper Series

Edited by the Kolleg-Forschergruppe Th Tv Pw E

Th KFG W P S v m h h u f h Kolleg-Forschergruppe m hm

v u. I m h m xh w h x

h x u Eu h Eu U.

A KFG W P v h KFG w www.fmu.u v m

fm-u@fu-..

Ch f h u: E Gv

E u: Ju S, F Ahu C Buuh

Gv, E 2010: P-A C Su Ium f Cuu Pu?, KFG W P S-

, N. 18, O 2010, K-Fhu (KFG) Th Tfmv Pw f Eu, F Uv B.

ISSN 1868-6834 (P)

ISSN 1868-7601 (I)

Th u h fu h Gm Rh Fu (DFG)

F Uv B

K-Fhu

Th Tfmv Pw f Eu:

Th Eu U h Du f I

Ih. 26

14195 B

Gm

Ph: +49 (0)30- 838 57033

Fx: +49 (0)30- 838 57096

fm-u@fu-.

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Post-Accession Conditionality | 3

Post-Accession Conditionality

Support Instrument for Continuous Pressure?

E Gv

Ab

Th hm f C V Mhm f m Bu Rm

h f ju h u m h vu u

f EU , u u w fu, h f - . M h h

, h Bu Rm hv m h m u h

uuu m mhm m. Wh h m fu m f - ? Wh h v f EU ?

Th u u fmw f mv u f - -

. O h f -uu m, u h fm

f h m m f f u h h f

vm w m wh h x h f -m

u v w v v uu whh um h v f -

. Th u, whh w xv vw wh EU xm

f EU um, hhh h w f

u wh h fuu f h mhm m f h

m f h U wh u f h W B Tu.

Th Ahr

E Gv mm f h C f Cmv P (CCP) h Uv

f Mh. Sh u w h h whh xm h

vu f EU m . H m h v EU

Em , EU C, Euz , vm C Suh E Eu.

C: [email protected]


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Cnts

1. Iu 5

2. Rv EU C h Cx f P-AC 6

2.1 Stage-Structured Condionality Model for ComparaveExaminaon of EU Enlargement Condionality 7

3. Cmv Exm f P-A P-AC 12

3.1 Comparave Examinaon of Pre-Accession and Post-AccessionCondions 12

3.2 Comparave Examinaon of Pre-Accession and Post-AccessionMonitoring Instruments 14

3.3 Comparave Examinaon of Pre-Accession and Post-AccessionIncenve Structure 16

4. Cu: Lm f P-A C hFuu f EU Em C 21

Lu 23


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1. I1

Th f Bu Rm h EU 1 Ju 2007 m h m f h h

m f h U wh u f C E Eu (CEEC), Cu M.

Ahuh Bu Rm w f h m uv v m

(Cu f h Eu U 2003) h w uj u fu

m. U w mm whh j h U 1 M 2004, Bu Rm

h u fu u whh w h EU h

. Ahuh h u w v, h Cmm u h fuh w

h f ju fm h h u u h C

V Mhm (CVM) m h h f

Bu Rm. Th w mu m h vu u f EU ,

u u w fu, h f - . M h h

h w f fu Bu h Bu Rm hv m h m u. Th Cmm h m z h w mm v h w

f h fm h f u.

Th 2008 P R m h h w m m h x

h h f v w u f m m (Eu Cmm 2008:

2, 2008: 2). Th Ju 2009 P R u h uu u f v

h h CVM w m u h fm hv (Eu Cmm 2009:8,

2009: 8f). Ahuh h fu u (whh mw h Cmm -m

f u ) x 1 Ju 2010, h Cmm mv

h f h mhm. Th , whh w uh 20 Ju 2010, hhh

m hm Rm hv u h CVM m h

m m ju Bu (Eu Cmm 2010:3, 2010: 2).

D h w f u EU , h CVM -

m uhz. Wh h m fu m f - ?

Wh h v f EU ? I h

qu, h h x u EU u u

fmw f mv u f - - . Th w

xv vw wh EU xm f EU um.

1 Th w f h K-Fhu (KFG) Cf Th Tfmv Pw f Eu,

11-12 Dm 2009. I wu h Uv A f Cm Eu Su f h

u u f m Bu. Bw M 2009 Auu 2009, I u m h 80

vw wh Mm H f h V B C, Vhu C, Rh C, Du D-

-G; D D, H f U Mm f h D G f Em;

D-G f Ju, Fm Su; D-G f Ex R G

S f h Eu Cmm; Mm f h Eu Pm Cmm F A

(AFET); Mm H f h G S f h Cu f h Eu U; N

fm h m f x mm m f u h EU.

M f h f hv h m h qu. Th vw -

m vu u h Bu Rm w m h C V Mhm (CVM) hm h w m u h x. Th u

qu fm h EU wh hv vv h f h h

u m f h CVM.


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Th uu h . Th hhh fu f EU

u h fmw f mv xm f - -

. O h f stage-structured condionality model, h u h

fm f h m m f f u h h

faccession advancement rewards m wh h explicit threats f -

m u v weak negave v uu whh um h v f -

. Th h hhh h w f

h fuu f h CVM m f h m f

h U wh u f h W B Tu.

2. Rvg EU C h Cx P-A C

Fw h m f h h m, h fu h u h u wmm m wh EU u. P- m h w

um f m u, whh v w f fm m (S

2008; Shwu . 2009) qu (Sm 2009) w m qu m

h w (F/T 2008) Eu-z (Jh 2008). Hwv, m f

h x u fu h h w mm whh h EU 2004 wh

v fw u Bu / Rm (Tu 2009; Lvz/P-Eh 2010; Phm 2007;

Pmv 2010). I Bu Rm h m um

(Pmu/Gv 2009) whh m h w mm f h U u

u. M m h hm f h CVM m w m h

f hm h u Bu Rm h w u uj uu

u h Cmm h h U. Fuhm, Bu Rm

mx f - m v uzz. O h, h EU

hw h Bu Rm hv v w wh h f EU

h Bu w u h mm hv f 0% 2008

(Tu 2009: 8). Th Su Thv mv h

27 mm whh m h w mm w h h

m x mm v m (2009: 952). O h h h,

h Bu Rm hv uu z h Cmm f f u

u h CVM hm.

I Bu Rm - m , m

uh m wh EU m f , mm fm f

EU w (general compliance) fm m wh h CVM hm ( CVM compliance). Ahuh

h f m (h v f h ju w v h

mm fm f EU w), general compliance CVM compliance wh

fmw. W u v m wh

f ; m . U h mm f EU

wh whh mm hv m, h CVM xuv f m Bu Rm. Fuhm, h CVM hm v u (h z


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m u h f h ju m) whh EU u m

h f EU w whh qu h mm

f EU . Ah m h m f m m. I h

-m wh EU w (Bz 2006) h EU z m

mhm, whh hv v m (Sm 2008). Hwv, h

h wh h CVM, S Ojv Su Ju U f h Cmm S-

G f m Bu Rm w m

h CVM hm v x mh. L u , h EU . If mm

f m wh EU w, h Cmm fm u

h v mm uu A 258 (T f L) m f h Cu

f Ju f h Eu U. A h Cmm h h CVM h

Cmm m fu mu 37 38 f h A f A f Bu

/ Rm f h hm qu (Eu Cmm 2006: 3, 2006: 3).

O h f h mv , w h CVM vu f ,

whh Bu Rm mu m h h U, u

z fmw f u m. B h h CVM, h Cmm h

m h vu u f EU m , u x

u w vm - . A h m f h

h m fu, m v f - , m

h v f h CVM u h wh v f -

. Thf, h xm f - m h

h h fmw f h CVM. Th mu v m f h

f h Bu Rm vm w m h CVM hm f h

h f h f h mhm 2007-2009. Ahuh m h u h h

mhm v v h v f u v (Pmv 2010), h

vm, f whh h mhm w , hv m m h CVM

hm.

2.1 Stage-Structured Condionality Model for Comparave Examinaon of EU

Enlargement Condionality

I f h fu f - vu ( mv

v) h v, h fw uv h EU m .

Mmh (Smh 2003, 2004), (G 2002, 2006), m

(Huh . 2004), qu (G 2002; Shmmf/Sm

2004), m (Phm 2002; Shmmf . 2003; Shmmf/Sm

2004) (Smh 1998) m f h f h

h u Eu . Hwv, h u m uh w

f EU m h f h x f h . Th

stage-structured condionality model h fmw f mv xm f EU - - h xm f EU m

h f h .


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Ahuh h Eu U h fm h h f h , m f h

hvm h w u . Th whh h

h fm m f h Eu Cu h mmh v f

h u. Th x m whh h w h EU

h mm h f h . Th u f h

h u , whh h m f h . F, h

f h w mm h EU m h m f h . O h f h

hvm, h h m u h fw fu f h :

P- ;

N ;

A ;

P- .

Th - wh h fm m f h Eu Cu h mmh

v f h u wh h f h .

Ahuh m fm f EU mmh h f h

, h EU x f h h h m h h w

h . Th w h U h CEEC w h W B u

v fmw f m h m f h mmh

v, whh w h fm .2 A h f h

m f h w h EU h u, h stage-structured condionality

model h h f h m wh h . Th

h u h h u f h mmh f h fm

f u h U. Th u h f h A T

hz huh xm f h wu--mm m

wh EU . Th fuh f h h f u h

EU. Hwv, h x mfm f h - u. Th fu u,

u h A f A f h u whh m mm 2004, h

v h - f h h fu mu m u h

f f u h (O Ju 2003). Ahuh h A f A

f Bu Rm u h m fu u (wh h x f h m

u), h hm f h CVM h u f h h h mhm

m u h fm hv (Eu Cmm 2009, 2009) x h

- h f h . Thf, h m h

h - wh f h EU wh h u f

- m mhm , h f - m mhm,

wh h x f h f h fu mu u h T f A.

2 Th EU m h mmh v f h u f C E Eu h

Ch Eu Cu Ju 1993. Hu um f mmh Mh 1994,

fw P A. Rm, Sv, Lv, E, Lhu Bu 1995. Th Czh

Ru Sv um h 1996. Th Eu Cu S M F Ju2000 h S A P (SAP) u w f EU mm-

h. C um Fu 2003, Fm Yuv Ru f M (FYROM)

Mh 2004.


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Bf w mv m - - , w u h

m f EU m . Th h u hhh h f

h w h EU w h u (w) whh h

v u f h m (Smh 1998; Shmmf/Sm 2004; Shmmf

. 2003; G 2006). Hwv, h m f h h u f m wh h uf C E Eu h v h h h m whh f h

f EU .

The stage-structured condionality model h EU m h h

m ( T 1). Th m u h u h EU wh whh h u

mmh m. Th Ch Eu Cu Ju 1993 w h

fmw f mmh whh mu f u j h U.

S h, h EU h h h u f u h

w fu h vm h . Du h

- h u mu f w f : condions for

applying for membership ( f ) condions for opening of accession negoaons.

A 49 f h T Eu U (TEU) u h f m h

Eu whh f , m, f hum h fum

fm h u f w m m mm f h U. Th H Eu Cu

Dm 1999 u h m wh h w h Ch

Eu Cu qu f h f (Cu f h Eu

U 1999). Hwv, h h EU u . I h

fum f h , h f wh Bu w h

h Bu uh h u f u 1-4 h Kzu Nu P m

fm , wh h f h wh Rm w uu fm

f h u mm f mu h m-m

u (Eu Cmm 1999). I m h , h

u fu h Ch .

Hwv, h v u f h h mmm h

m f wh h qu h mv . A,

h EU h f h, w hm. 3

Du h h EU u h u fu m h mmm qum fm h u m hhh

f u . Fuhm, h f h f Bu Rm w

h f f mm f h qu (O Ju 2005). Th

hm f CVM f h m h EU f whh

mu fu . Th Cmm h Bu mu x hm

Rm fu hm.

3 I h hm, h EU u h f hm ( - whh mu f h f h) m f h w u

m (wh h W B Tu).


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Table 1: Stage-Structured (EU Enlargement) Condionality Model

Stages C Iv Monitoring

Rw Threats

P-g

- C f fmmh ( f

);

- C f

A N;

- A (u )

.

A vw:

- Pv mmh

v;

- S A Am;

- Imm A

Am;

- G C u

u;

- O A

N.

F w

Ex h:F

I h

( f h

vm w)

RuP

R

Ng - Ch ;

- O hm

( f

h);

- C hm

( f

h);

- 31/35 h;

- A f u

hhh h m

.

A v

w:

- O h;

- C h;

- C mmh

v;

- Cm f A

N;

- S A T.

F w

Ex h:

F

I h

( f h

vm w)

Ru

P

R

A - Ch ;

- A f u

hhh h m

.

A v

w:

- Accession

F w

Ex h:

Pvv

:

- I M Sfu

Cu;

- JHA Sfu Cu;

- Su Sfu Cu;

- A u().

P-

- Bhm vu

u .

F w Ex h:

Pvv

:

- Em Sfu Cu;

- I M Sfu

Cu;- JHA Sfu Cu.

P

R

Interim

R

Th EU h v w f v u m wh .

Ahuh h U h fv h u f , h h mhm f uh

-m u h h f . Th stage-structured

condionality model h h m f EU h v uu,

whh xm h reward-threat balance. Th m u w f w: accession

advancement rewards whh h f h u h nancial rewards ( ). Th m accession advancement rewards u:


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mmh v; m; mm m;

u; ; h; v h;

mmh v; m ; ;

f h ; h Eu U. Th w f h

v h EU h u huh h - um:

PHARE, SAPARD ISPA m.4

The stage-structured condionality modelv h h w u: implicit explicit. Th

implicit threats -m h v f h accession advancementw.

Bu Rm fu u m h Ch h f h

.5 Suqu, h Cmm Bu Rm

w m h u mm h u f h

2002 (Eu Cmm 2002, 2002). U implicit threats, explicit threats u

z mu. Th w fexplicit threats h u f h mu whhh u. Th f nancial sancons whh z -m wh EU u

u whw fu. A A 4 f Cu Ru (EC) N 622/98 f 16

Mh 1998:

Where an element that is essenal for connuing to grant pre-accession assistance is lacking, in

parcular when the commitments contained in the Europe Agreement are not respected and/

or progress towards fulllment of the Copenhagen criteria is insucient, the Council, acng by a

qualied majority on a proposal from the Commission, may take appropriate steps with regard to

any pre-accession assistance granted to an applicant State.

Th A Ph w h EU h u, whh w h fu f

h h - , fuh h fu h

u h Cu h u f .6Th f

explicit threats refers toprevenve or remedial sancons whh u u mu

(fu mu). Th EU h v umu u mu fm m

m fu u mu h f f f f. Th

prevenve and remedial measures w u h f h .

4 P Hu: A f Ru h m (PHARE) w 1989

x fm P Hu v CEEC. S A Pmm f Auu Ru

Dvm (SAPARD) Ium f Suu P f P-A (ISPA) w h Ju

1999, wh h m f , h A Ph w h EU

h CEEC. S 2007, h EU u fmw f Ium f P--

A (IPA). Bu Rm (h wh Lv, Lhu Sv) f u

f h EU f . Th u w xu fm h u f

u whh h 1998.

5 Bu Rm (h wh Lv, Lhu Sv) f u f h EU

f . Th u w xu fm h u f u whh

h 1998.

6 Th u u h A Ph w h EU h wv u f

h h m.


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A h f m m wh EU h u

h u f h Ru R 1998, h stage-structured condionality mode

h m h h m f EU m . Th u h f h

Cmm h m w h f h u

(whh w f h h u f m) w u ( 2005)

h fm h u f h Ru R fm f m

vu . M m, h h h Cmm h uqu x

v jv mhv m f h EU hfu m wh EU hu

mz h m f h Cmm mm. Th Cmm

h v f m u hm f mm

(whh w m ), u um f z

w um f h w u w h. O h f

h fu whh h m fu, h stage-structured condionality modeluh

w w u f : evaluaon reports advanced reports. Th evaluaon reports uh m whh / z . Th advanced reports refer to

h whh vu , h w / h.

Th x f h z h fm f h m f EU f

. Th xm h vu f EU , h

h vm f m um, h h fm f h

v uu. Th - u h fu f h

h v f h CVM f Bu Rm.

3. Cv Ex P-A P-A C

3.1 Comparave Examinaon of Pre-Accession and Post-Accession Condions

Th Cmm h h Mhm f C V f

h f ju fm h h u z m7 Bu

Rm f h U. F h v m h EU u mhm

f m w mm m wh . Th Cmm h Bu

h fw x hm:

(1) Adopt constuonal amendments removing any ambiguity regarding the independence and

accountability of the judicial system.

(2) Ensure a more transparent and ecient judicial process by adopng and implemenng a new

judicial system act and the new civil procedure code. Report on the impact of these new laws and of

the penal and administrave procedure codes, notably on the pre-trial phase.

7 Fh z m w h f Bu.


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(3) Connue the reform of the judiciary in order to enhance professionalism, accountability and

eciency. Evaluate the impact of this reform and publish the results annually.

(4) Conduct and report on professional, non-parsan invesgaons into allegaons of high-level

corrupon. Report on internal inspecons of public instuons and on the publicaon of assets of

high-level ocials.

(5) Take further measures to prevent and ght corrupon, in parcular at the borders and within

local government.

(6) Implement a strategy to ght organized crime, focusing on serious crime, money laundering as

well as on the systemac conscaon of assets of criminals. Report on new and ongoing invesgaons,

indictments and convicons in these areas.(Eu Cmm 2006)

Th Cmm h h fw fu hm f Rm:

(1) Ensure a more transparent and ecient judicial process notably by enhancing the capacity and

accountability of the Superior Council of Magistracy. Report and monitor the impact of the new civil

and penal procedures codes.

(2) Establish, as foreseen, an integrity agency with responsibilies for verifying assets, incompabilies

and potenal conicts of interest, and for issuing mandatory decisions on the basis of which dissuasive

sancons can be taken.

(3) Building on progress already made, connue to conduct professional, non-parsan invesgaons

into allegaons of high- level corrupon.

(4) Take further measures to prevent and ght against corrupon, in parcular within the local

government.(Eu Cmm 2006)

Th hm u w m fu f - . F, m h

ufm f f mmh h Ch , -

hh h EU u vu u f Bu

Rm. S, h uh h f h Cmm m u, u

h hm f hm m m hm h f

h ju , hhh h f . Th Ju 2009 P

R, whh u w f 8 f h w mm, v fuh v f h w

f . I Ju 2010 h Cmm wh

h u mm v Bu Rm w mm

(Eu Cmm 2010, 2010).

Th f hhh h vu u

f EU m . Fuhm, h Cmm w x h

u w mm . M m, h vu u

8 S Eu Cmm 2009, 2009.


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hm, h Cmm h m umz w. Bhm

h h Cmm f m u v u hw h

m hu . Th f f

h m u wh h u f h W B Tu m h h

fu f EU mvm EU m , hf, h

x h m v f - .

3.2 Comparave Examinaon of Pre-Accession and Post-Accession Monitoring

Instruments

A T 2 u, u h - h h Cmm

uh v u Ru R h f Bu Rm w mmh.

Th h. Ahuh h 2004 Em S Pv h h Cmm w u mhv m , h M 2006 R

m mm h m h h Cmm wu

h (Eu Cmm 2004, 2006).

I h , h Cmm u h m h f f EU mmh

f Bu Rm f w () m h v. A EU

[w] w h h v f muh

w f u uum f 2006 (Ivw 1 2009). Th h [] w wu

hv uh h uv u, f u wu , u Dm 2006 u

u h (Ivw 1 2009). Th u f h CVM w h EU u

u u h w u u fuh h m . A

A 1 f h h h mhm, h Cmm wu wh qu

v x mh (Eu Cmm 2006, 2006). Th Cmm h uh x

f P R u h C V Mhm. U h P R,

h Im R fu u f whu v m f

u hv u h f h hm. Fuhm, h Cmm h u

u um uh h u fu mm .

Ah vm h EU h w m h w u f m um f u w h. O h f h stage-structured

condionality model, w f h w u f advanced reports. T 2 u

h u h - h h Cmm u advanced

reports. Th h f w h M 2006 M R. Th

Cmm u h Bu u 16 f u , wh

Rm 14 f u . Th Sm 2006 M R

hhh x f Bu fu f Rm v h f h hm

f h CVM hm. Th Ju 2009 P R Ju 2010 P R, whh u

f mm f h w mm, v fuh v f h w u

ofadvanced reports.


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Table 2: Comparave Examinaon of Monitoring Instruments

Stages Reports Bg Rm

Ev

Reports

Av

Reports

Ev

Reports

Av

Reports

P-

g

1998 Ru R

1999 Ru R

Ng 2000 Ru R

2001 Ru R

2002 Ru R

2003 Ru R

2004 Ru R

A 2005 Cmhv M R

M 20006 M R

Sm 2006 M R

P- Ju 2007 P R

Fu 2008 Im R

Ju 2008 P R

Ju 2008 Th U

Ju 2008 Fu Mm R

Fu 2009 Im R

Ju 2009 P R

Ju 2009 Th U

Mh 2010 Im R

Ju 2010 P R

Ju 2010 Th U

Th mv f - - m um u h

v f m hhh h vu u f EU m

. Th CVM h m h mhv

fmw f u - m. Fuhm, h m

m h fqu f h , h Cmm v um f uu

u. A fm h Pm R f h mm h EU

u, v x mh, h u f h P Im R f m

Bu Rm u mm h Nh Gm.

CVM xm h mx vu u f h m . I fu h

fu f m , h m v h f fuh mm;

h w u w h; m f mmu w h EU

u ( w mm ); u v um f uu

u. Th xm f m u h v f h huh -

m, hu m h m u f h m v f -

. Th x h fm f h v uu.


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3.3 Comparave Examinaon of Pre-Accession and Post-Accession Incenve

Structure

T 3 v umm f h v uu f Bu Rm. Wh w m h

- h - , h v m . F, h f h w mm , h w v h U f m wh

m nancial rewards. I m h m f h -

f h vu u h fmw f h -

m (PHARE, ISPA SAPARD). Du h - , h EU f

v f u m h mmh v. Fuhm, h accession

advancement rewards v u f h f h w mm h

U. I wh h - , h EU v fw w f Bu Rm

m wh h hm h CVM.

Th mv xm h u h f h hhh h

. A , h EU h u fimplicit threats u m wh

. Hwv, h fimplicit threats m h hm f w f

explicit threats. Bf w xm h f h x h h h CVM,

h w uh w h revenve and remedial sancons h h fmw f -

h whh mm (.. fm

u).

Th m u whh h EU mm h v f A 7 f

h TEU. A h v f h h v f h f u h f hfu f h U:

the Council, acng by a qualied majority, may decide to suspend certain of the rights deriving from

the applicaon of this Treaty to the Member State in queson, including the vong rights of the

representave of the government of that Member State in the Council.

Oh mu mm u f EU fu fm

u (Eu Cmm 2006: 7). I h mu fm h nancial

sancons v h fmw f EU m , w f hm general

nancial sancons. Bf w z h m f h general nancial sancons m Bu

Rm, w w xm h f h -prevenve remedial sancons.


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Table 3: Comparave Examinaon of Incenve structure for Bulgaria and Romania

Stages Bg Romania

Rw Threats Rw Threats

P-g

A vw:

- Pv mmh

v;

- S A

Am;

- Imm

A Am;

- G C

u u;

- O A

N.

F w

Ex h:F

I h

( f h

vm w)

A vw:

- Pv mmh

v;

- S A

Am;

- Imm

A Am;

- G C

u u;

- O A

N.

F w

Ex h:F

I h

( f

h

vm

w)

Ng A v

w:

- O h;

- C h;

- C mmh

v;

- Cm f

A N;

- S A

T.

F

Ex h:

F

I h

( f h

vm w)

A v

w:

- O h;

- C h;

- C mmh

v;

- Cm f A

N;

- S A T.

F w

Ex h:

F

I h

( f

h

vm

w)

A A v

w:

- Accession

F w

Ex h:

Pvv

:

- I M

Sfu Cu;

- JHA Sfu Cu;

- Su Sfu Cu.

A v

w:

- Accession

F w

Ex h:

Pvv

:

- I M

Sfu Cu;

- JHA Sfu

Cu;

- Su Sfu

Cu;

- A

postponement

u.

P-

F w Ex h:

Pvv

:

- Em Sfu

Cu;

- I M

Sfu Cu;

- JHA Sfu Cu.

F w Ex h:

Pvv

:

- Em Sfu

Cu;

- I M

Sfu Cu;

- JHA Sfu

Cu.


18/28


Th T f A u h fu u: m fu u

w fu u: m ju hm (JHA) fu u. Th

m fu u9 w mm f uhz v mu

wh Bu Rm h v f u m u.10 A 37 f h A f

A h h Cmm m h mu f Bu / Rm

u, u, u h f h fu f h m. Th fu u

f h m u whh m v wh

- (.. m, uu, , mmu, , vm

.). A A 38 f h A f A, h Cmm m h mu

f h u hm mm f uh hm h

mm f h qu h f ju hm . Th fu u

v u h f f u h (O Ju 2005). Hwv,

h m h JHA fu u m v v f (O Ju

2005). Th hm f h CVM fuh h f Bu / Rm

fail to address the benchmarks adequately, the Commission may apply safeguard measures based on

arcles 37 and 38 of the Act of Accession, including the suspension of Member States obligaon to

recognise and execute, under the condions laid down in Community law, Bulgarian judgments and

judicial decisions, such as European arrest warrants(Eu Cmm 2006: 3, 2006: 3).

A h hm u f Bu Rm f hm h f ju

fm h h u, fu u h u wu hv u

h v f h JHA fu u. Hwv, v wh h m m h []

h m h u u whh h Bu uh f m

hw ju fm h h u z m h h fw

u m h h m u fu , h Cmm u h

u m v h w v h fu v

u h A T (Eu Cmm 2008: 6). Th Cmm v

f h fu mu h f h x h m

h z w f h remedial and prevenve sancons h h fu u.

Th w m um h m f h fu u. Th f h

m h qu f h u h fu. A EU

w v u v v h fu u u h u fm h v

w v uv (Ivw 2 2009). Th v f h ju hm

fu u wu hv u h u h

f h Eu A W. Ah EU h h u f h

ju wu hv u h hv h um m u h h JHA

fu u h h m f vm u

9 A 36 (S O Ju 2005).

10 Bu Rm m f h uhz v mu wh h

mm .


19/28


hfu f u fm f , h m

(Ivw 1 2009). Ah EU m h, m h xu, h

[JHA fu] M Mu u (Ivw 3 2009).

Th um h u v h fu h m f hv. I wh h - wh h Cu umu whh

w / m , , h Cmm h m f

h fu u. A u h v f h fu u u h JHA

fu u z h wh h , hu m v u h

. Th m f f h fu v wu hv m v h

u f Bu / Rm u h u f h Cmm. Fuhm, wu

hv h EU Bu Rm m mm 2007 wu hv

w h hw u f h m wh Tu h W

B u, whh f m m h f h f ju h h

u. A EU []h mhm hu u f h U

u h h v f v [h JHA fu u] uwh h v

(Ivw 2 2009).

Ahuh h remedial and prevenve sancon u h JHA fu u

m qu, m mm hv uh f v. N h Cmm

u h mm hv u h CVM u u Bu Rm. Th

Duh M f EU F Tmmm, u mv, 11 h Ju

Cmm Jqu B, h Cmm v h JHA fu u

hu h f u (Euv 2009). I h Tmmm

w h h m m h fu u, h f h

x h f 2009 (h ). Th Ju 2009 P R

u h h f v h fu u fu m h

h mhm m u h fm hv (Eu Cmm 2009:

6-8, 2009: 6-9). I wh m h h u f h h EU

h h z w f h CVM u w explicit threats. Th w u

h Cmm f h mv f h CVM wh Bu Rm h

Sh A. Th wh h v h w (Euv 2009).

Hwv, h hhh h Cmm f w mm h . A EU []f h mhm u u wh v

m, w xm u hv u h Cu f Bu Rm

Sh (Ivw 2 2009).

Th Cmm h v f h m vv u h fu

v h w h fmw f h CVM. Hwv, general nancial

sancons, u, hv m h Bu Rm.

Th u f h Cmm m P R Bu ( Ju 2008) w

11 Th w 30 M 2009, h u f h Ju 2009 P R.


20/28


m Bu fu mm whh u h [m]

u hw u w h mm m um f

u, u fu f w h mm m

(Eu Cmm 2008: 3). A u, h Cmm whw h f

h w mm Bu h C F C U (CFCU) h

Imm A h M f R Dvm Pu W (MRDPW) u

EU fu wh v 500 m (Eu Cmm 2008). Th Cmm v

Bu v 220 m f - EU fu Nvm 2008, whh

w h f h f PHARE fu (Euv 2008). Ahuh h Cmm

uh Rm, u uu m wh 142 m

Ju 2008 (Euv 2009). Th u f h EU fu ( h u) w

w mv ju w hh v u.

Hwv, h EU v f h fu u u u

hhh h m f h remedial and prevenve sancons, h h fmw f

- . Ahuh m mm f w fu

qu h hm h u f EU fu, h Cmm f fm

h w h w. A EU mm [w] uh

Bu Rm whw fu (Ivw 2 2009). Th vm Bu

Rm ( h u f h EU fu) u h general nancial sancons hv v

m. O EU h []h u fu h v mv f h

Bu vm mm h [] u uhm h w,

f u h m w, h f h h (Ivw 2 2009). Th fuh v h u

- h remedial and prevenve sancons h h CVM v

v f m wh EU .

Th mv xm f - - reward-threat balance hhh

h fm f h v uu. I wh h -

h , wh h reward-threat balance m w f accession

advancement and nancial rewards explicit threats u remedial and

prevenve sancons v h w-h . Th h w w

h u h fm fmposive v uu negave v uu.

Fuhm, h f h fu u hhh h m z w f h m vv whh h u. O h f h m h qu f

h , w u h h - negave v uu v weak. Th

u fm f h v uu fm strong posive v uu v

weak negave v uu hhh h w f - , whh

m v.


21/28


4. C: L P-A C h F EU

Eg C

Th h EU h EU, Bu Rm uj u -

m. Ahuh m hv , h f fm h f ju

h u w. Th hhh m hm Rm

hv u h CVM z h u f h f w w h

N I A (ANI) whh h h u

h mmm Rm h u (Eu Cmm 2010: 5). Ahuh

h Cmm Bu f fm mmum whh h h Ju

2009, h P R u hm h v f u

f , u h m m ju

h h v f h u h v f h u (Eu Cmm 2010: 3).

Th mv xm f - - h f h stage-

structured condionality modelhhh v m vm. Tw f h m f EU

m m hv vv . Th u f

- hm h f m h h

vu f EU m h fm h vu x. Th w

f advanced monitoring reports m h

ufu f h EU mv h w h m m.

Th xm f h h m f EU m h v uu v

h w f - . A , h EU f v

accession advancement rewards explicit threats u m. Hwv,

h m z w f h remedial and prevenve sancons h h fmw f

h CVM u v weak negave v uu whh mh h v f -

.

Th Ju 2009 P R m h h Cmm h hm

h [] v mv h hm u h w

wh Bu [ Rm] h wh h CVM (Eu Cmm

2009: 2, 2009: 2). Ahuh h Bu Rm hv fu h CVM hm, h

Cmm m mm hv ufu u h CVM um f uu u. A EU whu h mhm h u wu muh w

(Ivw 2 2009). Th qu u h fuu f h CVM m Bu

Rm, u v mm f h U. Th mhm h m

u f S Buh h Cmm, u um fuh m.

Th f h fu u x 1 Ju 2010 h Cmm u

w u h CVM w v, fm h f x .

Whh h EU u f h ju fm h h h u h

faccession advancement rewards remedial and prevenve sancons m .


22/28


Th v f h CVM h m f h m f h EU u f h

vm f Ju Hm A. Th hv f h u

f m m mhm f mm u ju u

hh f qu f ju m. Hwv, h x f h - m

mhm h x u j h EU C v. Th w Em

Nhuh P Cmm, f F, m h []u u vu

m mhm [f C] hv (Euv 2010). A h u f h

m f h U wh Tu W B u h , v

h EU w vv fuh h m m , u explicit

threats u remedial and prevenve sancons f h f w mm. Th

u fmw, h h stage-structured condionality model, w u

m - - u h u vm

EU m . Th m w x, xm mv

u f EU m mm h h f mz Euz u.


23/28


L

Brzel, Tanja A. 2006: P huh Lw Efm: Th C f h Eu U, :Cmv P Su 39, 128-152.

Council of the European Union 1993: P Cu Ch Eu Cu: 21 22Ju, Bu, Cu f h Eu U.

Council of the European Union 1997: P Cu Luxmu Eu Cu: 12 13Dm, Bu: Cu f h Eu U.

Council of the European Union 1999: P Cu H Eu Cu: 10 11 Dm,Bu: Cu f h Eu U.

Council of the European Union 2003: P Cu Th Eu Cu: 19 20Ju, Bu: Cu f h Eu U.

Dimitrova, Antoaneta/Toshkov, Dimiter 2009: P- Cm w Amv C- P B, : Shmmf, F/Tu, F (): P- Cm h EU Nw Mm S, Eu I P (EIP),

S Iu 2, 13/23, A. 19, : h://..//x/2009-019.hm, : 20Ju 2010.

Euobserver2008: Bu 220 m EU m, 25 Nvm, : www.uv.m, : 30 Mh 2010.

Euobserver2009: Rm, Bu m EU A u, 12 Fu, : www.uv.m, : 30 Mh 2010.

Euracv 2009: Nh uh Bu, Rm, 18 Ju, : www.uv.m, : 30 Mh 2010.

Euracv2009: Bu, Rm m u Cmm u, 23 Ju, : www.uv.m, : 30 Mh 2010.

Euracv2010: F: Im j v mu f m w Cmm, 30 Mh, : www.uv.m, : 30 Mh 2010.

European Commission 1998: Ru R fm h Cmm Bu P wA, Bu: Eu Cmm.

European Commission 1998: Ru R fm h Cmm Rm P wA, COM (2001) 1753 , Bu: Eu Cmm.

European Commission 1999: Cm P R P w A Eh f hC Cu, COM (2004) 657 , Bu: Eu Cmm.

European Commission 1999: Ru R fm h Cmm Bu P wA, Bu.

European Commission 1999: Ru R fm h Cmm Rm P wA, Bu.

European Commission 2000: 2000 Ru R fm h Cmm Bu P wA, Bu: Eu Cmm.

European Commission 2000: 2000 Ru R fm h Cmm Rm P wA, Bu.

European Commission 2001: 2001 Ru R Bu P w A, SEC (2001)1744 , Bu.

European Commission 2001: 2001 Ru R Rm P w A, COM (2001)1753 , Bu.

European Commission 2002: 2002 Ru R Bu P w A, COM (2002)700 , Bu.


24/28


European Commission 2002: 2002 Ru R Rm P w A, SEC (2002)700 , Bu.

European Commission 2003: 2003 Ru R Bu P w A, SEC (2003)1744 , Bu.

European Commission 2003: 2003 Ru R Rm P w A, SEC (2003)1744 , Bu.

European Commission 2004: 2004 Ru R Bu P w A, COM (2004)657 , Bu.

European Commission 2004: 2004 Ru R Rm P w A, COM (2004)657 , Bu.

European Commission 2004: Cmmu fm h Cmm h Cu h EuPm S P f h Eu Cmm P h Em P,COM (2004) 657 , Bu.

European Commission 2005: Bu - 2005 Cmhv M R, COM (2005) 534 ,

Bu.European Commission 2005: Rm - 2005 Cmhv M R, COM (2005) 534 ,

Bu.

European Commission 2006: Bu M 2006 M R, COM (2006) 214 , Bu.

European Commission 2006: Rm M 2006 M R, COM (2006) 214 , Bu.

European Commission 2006: M h f f EU mmh fBu Rm, COM (2006) 549 , Bu.

European Commission 2006: Cmm D f 13 Dm 2006 h mhm f v f Bu hm h f ju fm h h u m, C(2006) 6570, Bu:

Eu Cmm.European Commission 2006: Cmm D f 13 Dm 2006 h mhm f

v f Rm hm h f ju fm h h u, C(2006) 6569, Bu.

European Commission 2007: R fm h Cmm h Eu Pm h Cu Bu m mu fw A, COM (2007) 377 ,Bu.

European Commission 2007: R fm h Cmm h Eu Pm h Cu Rm m mu fw A, COM (2007) 378 ,Bu.

European Commission 2008: Im R fm h Cmm h Eu Pm hCu P Bu u h - v mhm, COM (2008)63 , Bu.

European Commission 2008: Im R fm h Cmm h Eu Pm hCu P Rm u h - v mhm, COM (2008)62 , Bu.

European Commission 2008: R fm h Cmm h Eu Pm h Cu P Rm u h C- V Mhm, COM (2008) 494, Bu.

European Commission 2008: R fm h Cmm h Eu Pm h Cu P Bu u h C- V Mhm, COM (2008) 495, Bu.

European Commission 2008: R fm h Cmm h Eu Pm h Cu h Mm f EU-fu Bu, COM (2008) 496 , Bu.


25/28


European Commission 2008f: Su um m h fm h Cmm h Eu Pm h Cu P Bu u h C- V Mhm - Bu: Th U, SEC (2008) 2350 , Bu.

European Commission 2008: Su um m h fm h Cmm h Eu Pm h Cu P Rm u h C- V Mhm - Bu: Th U, SEC (2008) 2349 , Bu.

European Commission 2009: Im R fm h Cmm h Eu Pm hCu P Bu u h - v mhm, COM (2009)69 , Bu.




European Commission 2009: Su um m h fm h Cmm h Eu Pm h Cu P Bu u h C- V Mhm - Bu: Th U, SEC (2009) 1074 , Bu.

European Commission 2009f: Su um m h fm h Cmm h Eu Pm h Cu P Rm u h C- V Mhm - Rm: Th U, SEC (2009) 1073 , Bu.

European Commission 2010: Im R fm h Cmm h Eu Pm hCu P Bu u h - v mhm, COM (2010)

112 , Bu.




European Commission 2010: Su um m h fm h Cmm h Eu Pm h Cu P Bu u h C- V Mhm - Bu: Th U, SEC (2010) 948 , Bu.

European Commission 2010f: Su um m h fm h Cmm h Eu Pm h Cu P Rm u h C- V Mhm - Rm: Th U, SEC (2010) 949 , Bu.

Falkner, Gerda/Trieb, Oliver 2008: Th W f Cm Fu? Th EU-15 Cm NwMm S, : Ju f Cmm M Su 46/2, 293-313.

Grabbe, Heather2001: Hw D Eu A CEE Gv? C, Du Dv, : Ju f Eu Pu P 8/6, 1013-1031.

Grabbe, Heather2003: Euz G E: Pw U h EU A P, :Fh, Kv/R, Cu (.): Th P f Euz, Oxf, 303- 327.

Grabbe, Heather2006: Th EU Tfmv Pw: Euz huh C C E Eu, L.


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Hughes, James/Sasse, Gwendolyn/Gordon, Claire 2004: C Cm h EU EwEm: R h fm f u- vm, : Ju f CmmM Su 42/3, 523-551.

Interview 1, Ju 2009, O, Eu Cmm, DG I.

Interview 2, Ju 2009, O, Eu Cmm, DG II.

Interview 3, Ju 2009, O, Eu Cmm, DG III.

Johnson, Juliet 2008: Th Rm f C : h F Em f h Eu Z, :Ju f Eu Pu P 15/6, 826-841.

Levitz, Philip/Pop-Eleches, Grigore 2010: M, M M: Cu P-AB Bu Rm, : Eu- A Su 62/3, 461-479.

Ocial Journal of the European Communies 1999: Cu Ru (EC)N 1266/ 1999 f 21 Ju 1999 C A h A Cu h Fmw f h P- S Am Ru(ECC) N 3906/89, L 161/68, 26 Ju.

Ocial Journal of the European Communies 2003: A h f f h

Czh Ru, h Ru f E, h Ru f Cu, h Ru f Lv, hRu f Lhu, h Ru f Hu, h Ru f M, h Ru f P, hRu f Sv h Sv Ru h jum h T whh hEu U fu, L 236, 23 Sm.

Ocial Journal of the European Communies 2003: T h A f h Czh Ru,E, Cu, Lv, Lhu, Hu, M, P, Sv Sv h EuU, L 236, 23 Sm.

Ocial Journal of the European Communies 2005: A h f f hRu f Bu Rm h jum h T whh h EuU fu, L157, 21 Ju.

Ocial Journal 2005: T w h Km f Bum, h Czh Ru, h Km f

Dm, h F Ru f Gm, h Ru f E, h H Ru, hKm f S, h Fh Ru, I, h I Ru, h Ru f Cu, hRu f Lv, h Ru f Lhu, h G Duh f Luxmu, h Ru fHu, h Ru f M, h Km f h Nh, h Ru f Au, hRu f P, h Puu Ru, h Ru f Sv, h Sv Ru, hRu f F, h Km f Sw, h U Km f G B NhI (Mm S f h Eu U) h Ru f Bu Rm, h f h Ru f Bu Rm h Eu, L157, 21Ju.

Ocial Journal of the European Communies 2009: T f L m h T EuU h T h h Eu Cmmu, L, 13 Dm 2007,C306, 17 Dm.

Papadimitriou, Dimitris/Gateva, Eli 2009: Bw Em- Eu BExm: f Bu Rm h Eu U, :Pv Eu P S 10/2, 152-166.

Pridham, Georey 2002: EU Em C Dm P-Cmmu S:Fm R, : Ju f Cmm M Su 40/5, 953-973.

Pridham, Georey 2007: Rm EU Mmh Cmv Pv: A P-ACm Pm? - Th C f P C, : Pv Eu P S, 8/2, 168-188.

Primatarova, Antoinee 2010: O Hh S, Sh Bu EU Mmh, : EuP Iu Nw (EPIN) W P 27, : h://www..u//hh--

h--u%E2%80%99-u-mmh, : 20 Ju 2010.


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Sasse, Gwendolyn 2008: Th P f EU C: h Nm f M P u EU A, : Ju f Eu Pu P 15/6, 842-860.

Schimmelfennig, Frank 2001: Th Cmmu T: L Nm, Rh A, h EEm f h Eu U, : I Oz 55/1, 47-80.

Schimmelfennig, Frank/Sedelmeier, Ulrich 2004: Gv C: EU Ru Tf hC Cu f C E Eu, : Ju f Eu Pu P 11/4,661-79.

Schwellnus, Guido/ Balazc, Lilla/Mikalayeva, Liudmila 2009: I A v Wh I v: h A Su f M Rh P Ru Nw EU Mm S, : Shmmf,F/Tu, F (.): P- Cm h EU Nw Mm S, :Eu I P (EIP), S Iu 2, 13/23, : h://..//x.h///vw/2009_024/hm, 20 Ju 2010.

Sedelmeier, Ulrich 2005: Cu h Ph E Em: Th Uv P Im f EUI, Mh: Mh Uv P.

Sedelmeier, Ulrich 2008: A C: P- m wh EU w E C

Eu, Ju f Eu Pu P 15/6, 806-825.

Sedelmeier, Ulrich 2009: P m wh EU G Equ L P-mmu Nw Mm S, : Shmmf, F/Tu, F (.): P- Cm h EU Nw Mm S, : Eu I P(EIP), S Iu 2, 13/23, : h://..//x.h///vw/2009_023/hm, 20 Ju 2010.

Smith, Karen E. 1998: Th U f P C h EU R wh Th Cu: HwEv?, : Eu F A Rvw 3/2, 253-274.

Smith, Karen E. 2005: Em h Eu O, : H, Chh/Smh, Mh (.):I R h Eu U, Oxf: Oxf Uv P 270-291.

Steunenberg, Bernard/Toshkov, Dimiter2009: Cm T h 27 Mm S f hEU: h Im f D L F, : Ju f Eu Pu P 16/7, 951-970.

Trauner, Florian 2009: P- Cm wh EU w Bu Rm: A CmvPv, : Shmmf,F/Tu, F (.): P- Cm hEU Nw Mm S, : Eu I P (EIP), S Iu 2, 13/23, :h://..//x.h///vw/2009_021/hm, 20 Ju 2010.


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Th Kg-Fhg - Egg A Exhg

Iv Rh

Th K-Fhu (KFG) w fu mm u-h h Gm Rh Fu 2008. I -

f h KFG v mu vm whh vv h wh u wh m u f ju h.

Th K-Fhu Th Tfmv Pw f Eu h h Eu h B-B-u uz h wh h uv- h u. I xm h f h EU -m f , z h mhm f x u h h :

I h Pu Sh

Cm, C B

Cmv Rm Eu Ex R

post-accession conditionality. support instrument for continuous pressure?

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