post-conflict reconciliation and reconstruction in africa
DESCRIPTION
Presentation made at UNC-Chapel Hill on a faculty development project exploring reconciliation and reconstruction efforts in Uganda, Rwanda and South Africa. 2006.TRANSCRIPT
Post-Conflict Reconciliation and Reconstruction in Africa
Uganda, Rwanda & South AfricaACC-IAC Faculty Development Trip
June 8-31, 2007
Objectives Participants The Journey Country Summaries,
Highlights & Opportunities◦ Uganda◦ Rwanda◦ South Africa
Contrasts Future Prospects
Presentation Outline
Kigali @ NightRwanda
Study conflict resolution and post-conflict reconciliation and reconstruction is the selected countries
Explore potential partnership opportunities with institutions◦ Research◦ Teaching◦ service-learning◦ community-outreach
Explore ways to capitalize on the experience by developing new programs or courses, or revamping existing ones to incorporate the knowledge gained during the trip.
Objectives
Genocide Memorial Museum GardenKigali, Rwanda
◦ Selection Process Applications received
from 10 of 11 ACC Institutions
Total of ?? Applications received
Criteria Diversity of interests
(scholarship, discipline, gender)
Previous experience in Arica
Desired objectives
Participants
Robin Kirk◦ Duke University◦ Human Rights
Bernice L. Hausman◦ Virginia Tech University◦ English/Women’s Studies
Karen K. Miller◦ Boston College◦ History
Barbara S. Anderson◦ University of North Carolina◦ African Studies
Zeynep Taydas◦ Clemson University◦ Political Science
The Women
Billy R. Close◦ Florida State University◦ Criminology
William J. Long◦ Georgia Tech University◦ Political Science
James Beshara◦ Wake Forest University◦ Senior Economics Major
Angel David Nieves◦ University of Maryland◦ Historic Preservation
Craig C. Brookins◦ Co-Director◦ North Carolina State University◦ Psychology & Africana Studies
Richard Grant◦ University of Miami◦ Geography
Sylvain H. Boko◦ Co-Director◦ Wake Forest University◦ Economics
The Men
NC State UniversityRaleigh, NC
Review of Program Objectives
Orientation to Travel
Orientation to Countries
Pre-Trip Orientation
Trip ItineraryFriday, June 8(Raleigh, NC)
Saturday, June 9(Raleigh, NC)
Sunday, June 10
(Raleigh, NC)
Monday, June 11(Uganda)
Tuesday, June 12(Uganda)
Wed. June 13(Uganda)
Thursday, June 14(Uganda)
Friday, June 15 (Uganda)
Saturday, June 16(Uganda)
Sunday, June 17
(Rwanda)
Monday, June 18(Rwanda)
Tuesday, June 19(Rwanda)
Wed. June 20(Rwanda)
Thursday, June 21(Rwanda)
Friday, June 22(South Africa)
Saturday, June 23(South Africa)
Sunday, June 24
(South Africa)
Monday, June 25(South Africa)
Tuesday, June 26(South Africa)
Wed. June 27(South Africa)
Thursday, June 28(South Africa)
Friday, June 29(South Africa)
Uganda Rwanda South Africa
Population 28,195,754 8,648,248 44,187,637
Ethnic Groups
Ganda = 18%Nyankole =
10%Other = 72%
Hutu = 85%Tutsi = 14%Twa = 1%
Black/Africans=77%White = 11%Colored = 9%
Square Miles 93,065 sq mi 10,169 sq mi 470,693 sq mi
Date of Independence
1962 1962 1994
History of Conflict
1971-19791980-1986
1990 to Present
1962 – 1994(numerous large and
small scale)
Genocide=1994
Apartheid 1948-1994
(“350 Years!”)
Official Truth and/or Reconciliation Process?
??????? Yes Yes
Country Comparisons
Makerere University Institute of Social Research
The Aids Service Organization, an aids clinic and advocacy group in Kampala
Ministry of Reconstruction and Development for Northern Uganda
Tombs of Buganda Kings at Kasubi
Jinja, Source of the White Nile
Uganda
Lucy Hoving, Refugee Law Project Moses Okello, Refugee Law Project Veronica Bichetero, Uganda Human
Rights Commission Martin Wandera, former member of
parliament, and our very capable host in Uganda
James Odong, director of peace and reconciliation at World Vision, who was an abducted child soldier himself and spoke about post traumatic stress.
Lam Oryem Cosmas, Executive Secretary, Justice and Peace Council (JPC), Ecclesiastical Province of Gulu (Northern Uganda)
Arthur Bainomugisha, head of Research and Peace and Conflict Program, Advocates Coalition for Development and Environment
Dr. Edith Natukunda, who spoke on HIV/AIDS
Highlights -People
The AIDS Support Organization (TASO)
Minister of Reconstruction for Northern Uganda
Challenges◦ Ongoing “War” in North with
“Lords Resistance Army” Opportunities
◦ Linkages with Makerere University◦ Student-faculty exchange, study
abroad◦ Institute for Social Research
Research◦ Impact of Psychosocial Trauma
(i.e., post-traumatic stress) on conflict survivors (e.g., child soldiers)
◦ Impact of resettlement efforts and other interventions
◦ Building a sustainable peace process
◦ Community-based surveys of key social and development issues
Challenges & Opportunities – Uganda
City of Kigali Gasabo District Villages
(outside Kigali) Travaux d'Interêts
Générales (TIG) Camp Government Ministries AVEGA AGAHOZO –
Association of Genocide Widows
Non-Governmental Organizations Coalition Meeting
Twubakane Program – IntraHealth International
Ntarama ◦ Church genocide site
Kigali Memorial Centre
Rwanda
Paul Jabo, Deputy-Mayor of the Gasabo District
Dr. Achour Ait Mohand, psychiatrist, Belgian technical cooperation
Mme. Claire Nancy Misago, director of National Mental Health program of psychosocial and mental health services
Dr. Eugene Rutembesa, Dean, Psychology, National University of Rwanda
Josephine Murebwayire, vice president, AVEGA, a woman survivors’ organization
Laura Hoemeker, Director of Twubakane, a USAID-funded health project in Rwanda
Highlights – People
TIG Camp
Patrice Mulama, Executive Secretary, High Council of the Press
Fatuma Ndangiza, Executive Secretary; and Antoine Rutayisire, vice-chair, National Unity and Reconciliation Commission
Dean Swerdlin, Twubakane Project (USAID/Intrahealth/RTI), who organized a meeting of Rwanda’s development partners, including the World Bank, IMF, USAID,
Karl Jean-Louis, Consultant at the Ministry of Justice
Francine Rutagengwa, Ministry of Local Government, and our very capable host
The Executive Secretary of the Ministry of Justice
Highlights – People (cont’d)
Challenges & Opportunities – Rwanda Government Decentralization University Linkages? Research
◦ Decentralization◦ Impact of Gacaca Process◦ Impact and Implementation of
Reconciliation and Unity Efforts◦ Implementation of Poverty
Reduction Strategy◦ “Building a National Framework
for the Psychosocial Rehabilitation & Reintegration of Ex-combatants”
◦ Legal and Judicial Reconstruction
City of Cape Town Kayamandi Township Guguleti Township
and Community Center
District 6 museum Robben Island Cape of Good Hope Table Mountain Western Cape
South Africa
District Six MuseumCape Town
Tyrone Savage, a lecturer at Stellenbosch University, who served as our principal expert of issues of post-conflict justice and reconciliation
Dineo Gaofhiwe, our very capable host
Glenda Wildshut, former TRC Commissioner and former director, Desmond Tutu Leadership Academy
Mills Soko, Senior Lecturer, UCT Graduate School of Business: “Economic Justice & Equity in the Reconciliation and Reconstruction Process
Nofuda Walaza, Post Traumatic Effects of Apartheid: Desmond Tutu Peace Trust
Carnita Ernest, Center for the study of violence and reconciliation
Highlights – People
J L Zwane Church and CenterGuguletu Township
Tyrone Savage & Dineo GaofhiweStellenbosch University
Centre for the Study of Violence & Reconciliation
Desmond Tutu Peace Centre University Linkages, Faculty-
Student Exchange, and Study Abroad, Internships
Research◦ Reconciliation Processes◦ “Black Empowerment” ◦ Community Development◦ Psychological Processes of
Empowerment◦ Long-term impact of
“apartheid trauma” on South Africans (all groups)
◦ Documenting The Movement
Challenges & Opportunities – South Africa
Definitions◦ Originating in 1960s America◦ Transformation of “individual”
oriented psychology◦ Emphasis on mental health
problems arising from social contexts
◦ Focus on prevention as opposed to treatment
◦ Focus on empowerment and community development
◦ Focus on a liberation psychology Conscientization Resistance to oppression Participatory Action Research Community-based Intervention Promote and incorporate indigenous
knowledge and practices
Community Psychology Dimensions
A Comprehensive and National Mental Health Strategy◦ Local Flexibility◦ Targeted to specific
groups/generations◦ Preventative◦ Treatment of existing
mental health problems E.g., Post Traumatic Stress
Maintain Liberatory Orientation
Maintain Focus on Political Struggle
Challenges
Uganda Rwanda South Africa
Regional Issues, Conflicts & Solutions
XXX XX X
Wealth & Development
XXX XXXX X
Structure and Capacity of Civil Society
XX XX X
National Framework for Psychosocial Healing & Reintegration
XXX XX X
Government Leadership
XXX X X
Private Leadership
Contrasts (X = the greater the problem)
Closing Thoughts