post-war film the return of agfacolor dull, amnesiac 1950s? whilst films made before the currency...

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Page 1: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems
Page 2: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Post-War Film

The return of Agfacolor

Page 3: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Dull, amnesiac 1950s?

• Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems posed by the legacy of the Nazi past and/or of life in the ruins, the films of the 1950s were set in a totally depoliticized world of pretence, much in the manner of so many Nazi films

– Keith Bullivant/C. Jane Rice in Rob Burns, ed., German Cultural Studies (OUP 1995), p. 225.

Page 4: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

False opposition

• Rather than conservative 1950s v. radical 1960s, both as part of the necessary process of repair and remembrance

• Anthropological rather than moralizing view: this is what people did - for instance:

Page 5: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Schwarzwaldmädel (dir. Hans Deppe, 1950)

• Most successful movie of 1950, 14 million tickets sold 1950-52.

• In 1950, the most popular German production since 1945

• Won the Bambi award (German Oscar) in 1951

– Silberman, p. 117, p. 267.

Page 6: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Fake Jewelry

Page 7: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Sparen Sie Ihre Beteuerungen! Wahrscheinlich sind sie genau so unecht

wie dieses Zeug hier.

Page 8: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Sie sind ja echt!

Page 9: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Du — sie ist echt!

Page 10: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Image of the ‘Schwarzwaldmädel’

Page 11: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Das kleine Heimatmuseum

Page 12: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Modern living

Page 13: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Previous incarnations of Schwarzwaldmädel

• Operetta 1917

• Schwarzwaldmädel (dir. Arthur Wellin, 1920)

• Schwarzwaldmädel (dir. Georg Zoch, 1933)

• Schwarzwaldmädel (dir. Hans Deppe, 1950)

Page 14: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Continuities

• Paul Hörbiger, Lucie Englisch Hans Richter, Ernst Waldow, Fritz Kampers. Angesichts dieses Ensembles wird man an die besten Lustspiele der Vorkriegszeit erinnert.

– Illustrierte Filmwoche 3. Juni 1950

Page 15: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Paul Hörbiger

• Paul Hörbiger as Kapellmeister playing in church looking towards his beloved in:– Heimat (1938)– Schwarzwaldmädel

(1950)

Page 16: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Rudolf Prack

• Rudolf Prack playing the decent man in Die goldene Stadt (1942) and Schwarzwaldmädel (1950).

QuickTime™ and a decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Page 17: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Visual continuities 1950s/1930s

Page 18: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Musical continuities

• Die Schlager und Gestalten aus Neithardts-Jessels Operette gleichen Namens gehören bereits zum Gemeinbesitz. So ist der Film bestens vorbereitet und es kann gar nicht daneben gehen.

– Wiesbadener Tagblatt, 29. September 1950

Page 19: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Jewish composer

• Eine der letzten Aufnahmen von Leon Jessel, dem Komponisten des “Schwarzwaldmädel”. Er war einer der gütigsten Menschen. Aber seine Naze mißfiel den Nazis. Er wurde bei den ersten grausamen Judenverfolgungen nach 1933 erfaßt, kam in die Keller des Polizeipräsidiums in der Dirckenstraße, wo er tage- und nächtelang stehen mußte. Seineangegriffene Gesundheit und seelische Depressionen ließen ihn zusammenbrechen

– Caption for photo of Jessel accompanying interview with his widow in Abschnitt 11. Oktober 1950

Page 20: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Banned music

• Das Libretto August Neidhardts erscheint uns heute wenig ergiebig — aber das Beste an der Operette, die — man denke! — von 1933-45 verboten gewesene Musik, von Frank Fox bearbeitet, ist erhalten geblieben

– Der neue Film, 25. Februar 1951

Page 21: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Change in film discourse: unrealistic colour

• Die Berolina hat mit “Schwarzwaldmädel” für ihren ersten Farbfilm einen Stoff gewählt, dem die Farbe wohl ansteht. Die Leichtigkeit der Operette, die Buntheit des Milieus und die Lebendigkeit der Handlung können durch die Farbe nur gewinnen, die einen Film stets in eine unrealistische, beschwingte Stimmung taucht.

– Illustrierte Filmwoche 3. Juni 1950

Page 22: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Good colour

• Die Farbaufnahmen, auch im freien Licht, gelangen vortrefflich. Alles am Filme drängt auf Heiterkeit und frohe Laune.

– Wiesbadener Tagblatt 29. September 1950

Page 23: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Mediocre colour

• Zum erstenmal wieder seit Kriegsende zeigt der deutsche Film an Stelle des Schwarz-Weiß bunte Farbigkeit […]. Sind auch die Farben des neuen Farbfilms nicht immer überzeugend, hier bringen sie Atmosphäre und Milieu am besten zum Ausdruck

– Wiesbadenerkurier, 29. September 1950

Page 24: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Flat colour

• Die technische Vollkommenheit dieses Farbfilms läßt trotz gesuchter und gefundener Wirkugen im Farblichen noch zu wünschen übrig. Den blühenden und grünenden Schwarzwaldlandschaften fehlt oft die Plastizität und in der Fläche erinnern sie manchmal ein wenig an Postkartenmalerei

– Welt der Arbeit, 27. Oktober 1950

Page 25: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Postcards?

Page 26: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

“Für jeden etwas”

• Das Publikum flüchtet aus der harten Realität hypervergnügt in die farbigen Traum gefilde. Warum nicht? Die harmlose Augen- und Ohrenweide ist immerhin sehenswerter als so mancher Schauer- und Schurkenfilm

– Film-Dienst Nr. 41 3. November 1950

Page 27: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Familiar genres

• Der Film, an dem “alles dran” ist […] aus dem ist nun einmal beim besten Willen nicht mehr viel Neues herauszuholen.

– Die neue Zeitung 9. September 1950

Page 28: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Das Mädchen Rosemarie

• Regie Rolf Thiele; Drehbuch Erich Kuby; Rolf Thiele; Jo Herbst; Rolf Ulrich; Kamera Klaus von Rautenfeld; Musik Norbert Schultze

• Darsteller: Nadja Tiller Rosemarie; Peter van Eyck Fribert; Carl Raddatz Hartog; Gert Fröbe Generaldirektor Bruste; Hanne Wieder Marga; Mario Adorf Horst; Jo Herbst Walter; Werner Peters

Nakonski; Karin Baal Do; Horst Frank Student

• Produktionsfirma Roxy-Film GmbH (München); Produzent Luggi Waldleitner

• Dreharbeiten 05.1958-06.1958: Berlin, München, Frankfurt am Main; CCC-Studios Berlin-Spandau

• Aufführung Uraufführung (IT): 25.08.1958, Venedig, IFF; Kinostart (DE): 28.08.1958, Frankfurt am Main, Europa

Page 29: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Marketing the film

Page 30: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Ein Film, der etwas will?

• Da ist ein Film gemacht worden, weder besonders gut noch besonders schlecht — wenn wir das überhaupt sagen dürfen —, aber ein Film, der etwas will. Was will er? Unsere faulen gesellschaftlichen Zustände an einer besonders faulen Stelle anfassen. Anfassen heißt hier: darstellen und zugleich kritisieren.

» Publicity brochure for the film by filmmakers Vom AA in Bonn bis Zensur, p. 20

Page 31: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Reality of the film?

• Aber siehe da: jetzt erfahren wir, daß zwischen Hamburg und München auf vielen Festen viele Damen in teueren Roben und viele Herren in Fracks tatsächlich in Schwimmbacken gesprungen sind

» Publicity brochure for the film by filmmakers Vom AA in Bonn bis Zensur, p. 20

Page 32: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Homage to Brecht

• Der Film kann seine Abkunft von Brechts „Drei-Groschen-Oper“ und von der „Berliner Ballade“ nicht verleugnen. Der Regisseur Rolf Thiele sagte, daß er ein deutscher Patriot sei, der Selbstkritik üben wolle, und daß es nützlicher sei, die Fehler anzuzeigen als zu schweigen. Bei Brecht, sagte er weiter, hörte man den leeren Magen, hier hört man die unangenehmen Geräusche des vollen…

» Badisches Tageblatt 27.8.1958, quoting the review in the Corriere della Sera. Also quotes positive reviews of other Italian papers. The scandal itself seen as sign of democratization

Page 33: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

More on the meaning of real spaces: das Recht auf Berichterstattung

• In 1959, owner of the apartment block Stiftstraße 36 attempts to block release of the film if it still makes explicit reference to the address at which Rosemarie Nitribitt worked and was murdered: “In jedem Falle aber, so argumentierte der Film-Anwalt, scheide eine Verurteilung aus, weil die Roxy-GmbH auf die Freiheit der Berichterstattung und die Freiheit der Kunst berufen könne. Da es sich bei Nitribitt „um eine Person der Zeitgeschichte“ handele, müsse bei der etwaigen Interessenabwägung das Persönlichkeitsrecht des Klägers Berentzen gegen das Recht auf Berichterstattung zurücktreten.”

» “Noch einmal Nitribitt,” Der Spiegel, 12.8.1959

Page 34: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Conclusions

• A form of continuity that didn’t erase the Nazi past but didn’t engage either

• Eclecticism of the genre• The question of “authenticity” not

featuring in the reviews (except in terms of colour photography)

• Discourse of art film has disappeared

Page 35: Post-War Film The return of Agfacolor Dull, amnesiac 1950s? Whilst films made before the Currency Reform […] were directly concerned with the problems

Two references

• Chapter in Marc Silberman German Cinema: Texts in Contexts (1995)

• Chapter on Heimat film by Johannes von Moltke in Tim Bergfelder et al. eds. The German Cinema Book (2002)