post war issues 1919-1921

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Post War Post War Issues Issues 1919-1921 1919-1921

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Post War Issues 1919-1921. From Victory to Reconversion. How will America Adjust to the massive changes of the post-war world?. Overview of Key Topics. Post WWI Issues Politics and the Economy The Business of America, Postwar Prosperity and Its Price Changing Manners and Morals - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Post War Issues 1919-1921

Post War Post War Issues Issues

1919-19211919-1921

Page 2: Post War Issues 1919-1921

From Victory to From Victory to ReconversionReconversion

How will How will America America Adjust to Adjust to the massive the massive changes of changes of the post-the post-war world?war world?

Page 3: Post War Issues 1919-1921

Overview of Key TopicsOverview of Key Topics Post WWI IssuesPost WWI Issues Politics and the EconomyPolitics and the Economy The Business of America, The Business of America,

Postwar Prosperity and Its Postwar Prosperity and Its PricePrice

Changing Manners and MoralsChanging Manners and Morals Resistance to ModernityResistance to Modernity The New Shared Mass CultureThe New Shared Mass Culture Achievements in a Changing Achievements in a Changing

Culture/Postponed PromisesCulture/Postponed Promises

Page 4: Post War Issues 1919-1921

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions What was the What was the reaction in the reaction in the US to the perceived threat of US to the perceived threat of communism or radical ideascommunism or radical ideas??

What were the causes and What were the causes and effects of the effects of the quota systemquota system??

What were some postwar What were some postwar conflicts between conflicts between laborlabor and and managementmanagement? Why did they ? Why did they occur?occur?

Page 5: Post War Issues 1919-1921

Post War SituationPost War Situation US Exhausted After WWIUS Exhausted After WWI US Divided over the League of US Divided over the League of

Nations Issue ( 1920 Election)Nations Issue ( 1920 Election) Progressive Era brought major Progressive Era brought major

changes to American lifechanges to American life Economic AdjustmentsEconomic Adjustments, ,

Returning Soldiers, and StrikesReturning Soldiers, and Strikes Cost of Living Doubled, Cost of Living Doubled,

InflationInflation Decline in Farm/Factory OrdersDecline in Farm/Factory Orders

Page 6: Post War Issues 1919-1921

The Election of 1920The Election of 1920RepublicansRepublicans

Warren G. Harding Warren G. Harding (R)(R)

PresidentPresident

Calvin Coolidge (R)Calvin Coolidge (R)

Vice - PresidentVice - President

Page 7: Post War Issues 1919-1921

The Election of 1920The Election of 1920** Should America join the newly Should America join the newly form League of Nations?form League of Nations?

*Was making the world safe *Was making the world safe of democracy worth it?of democracy worth it?

*Did the US need the idealism *Did the US need the idealism and post-war vision of and post-war vision of President Wilson?President Wilson?

*Were the disappointments of *Were the disappointments of the post-war period what the post-war period what Americans expected?Americans expected?

Page 8: Post War Issues 1919-1921
Page 9: Post War Issues 1919-1921

““America's present need is not heroics, but America's present need is not heroics, but healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not healing; not nostrums, but normalcy; not revolution, but restoration; not agitation, but revolution, but restoration; not agitation, but adjustment; not surgery, but serenity; not the adjustment; not surgery, but serenity; not the dramatic, but the dispassionate; not experiment, dramatic, but the dispassionate; not experiment, but equipoise; not submergence in but equipoise; not submergence in internationality, but sustainment in triumphant internationality, but sustainment in triumphant nationality.” nationality.”

…”…”My best judgment of America's needs is to My best judgment of America's needs is to steady down, to get squarely on our feet, to steady down, to get squarely on our feet, to make sure of the right path. Let's get out of the make sure of the right path. Let's get out of the fevered delirium of war, with the hallucination fevered delirium of war, with the hallucination that all the money in the world is to be made in that all the money in the world is to be made in the madness of war and the wildness of its the madness of war and the wildness of its aftermath. aftermath. Let us stop to consider that Let us stop to consider that tranquillity at home is more precious than peace tranquillity at home is more precious than peace abroadabroad, and that both our good fortune and our , and that both our good fortune and our eminence are dependent on the normal forward eminence are dependent on the normal forward stride of all the American people.” stride of all the American people.”

Page 10: Post War Issues 1919-1921

The Election of The Election of 19201920

DemocratsDemocratsJames M. Cox (D) – James M. Cox (D) – PresidentPresident

Franklin D. Roosevelt Franklin D. Roosevelt (D) - VP(D) - VP

Page 11: Post War Issues 1919-1921
Page 12: Post War Issues 1919-1921

Election Results Election Results

Page 13: Post War Issues 1919-1921

Postwar TrendsPostwar Trends American response to stress American response to stress and post-war struggles: and post-war struggles: Fear!Fear!NativismNativism – A prejudice – A prejudice against foreign-born against foreign-born people," You could not be people," You could not be 100% American!”100% American!”

IsolationismIsolationism – a policy of – a policy of pulling away from pulling away from involvement in world involvement in world affairs.affairs.

Page 14: Post War Issues 1919-1921

Communist FearsCommunist Fears CommunismCommunism – –

an economic an economic and political and political system based system based on single party on single party government government ruled by a ruled by a dictatorship. dictatorship. Gov. owns all Gov. owns all property.property.

Lenin, USSR Lenin, USSR 19171917

Page 15: Post War Issues 1919-1921

The Red Scare in the USThe Red Scare in the US The Panic began in 1919The Panic began in 1919 after after

Lenin’s Bolsheviks over threw the Lenin’s Bolsheviks over threw the Czar and the Provisional Gov. and Czar and the Provisional Gov. and created the created the USSRUSSR

70,000 joined the Communist 70,000 joined the Communist party of the USparty of the US, some from the , some from the IWW or “Wobblies”IWW or “Wobblies”

Mail bombsMail bombs were mailed to gov. were mailed to gov. and business leaders, including and business leaders, including Att.Gen.A. Mitchell PalmerAtt.Gen.A. Mitchell Palmer

Page 16: Post War Issues 1919-1921

Palmer and J. Edgar Palmer and J. Edgar HooverHoover

Page 17: Post War Issues 1919-1921

The Palmer RaidsThe Palmer Raids Att. Gen. Mitchell A. PalmerAtt. Gen. Mitchell A. Palmer

appointed J.Edgar Hoover as a appointed J.Edgar Hoover as a special assistant to special assistant to hunt down hunt down suspected Communists, Socialists, suspected Communists, Socialists, Anarchists and Radicals.Anarchists and Radicals.

They trampled civil rights, invaded They trampled civil rights, invaded homes, halls, and offices offered homes, halls, and offices offered no legal counsel and deported no legal counsel and deported hundreds. (SS Buford) “Soviet Ark”hundreds. (SS Buford) “Soviet Ark”

No Conspiracy was foundNo Conspiracy was found. Palmer . Palmer was discredited. was discredited.

Page 18: Post War Issues 1919-1921

Sacco and VanzettiSacco and VanzettiFamous Victims of the Famous Victims of the Nativist Attitude in the Nativist Attitude in the USUS

Page 19: Post War Issues 1919-1921

Sacco and VanzettiSacco and Vanzetti Sacco was a shoemaker, Vanzetti a Sacco was a shoemaker, Vanzetti a

fish peddlerfish peddler Both were Italian immigrants and Both were Italian immigrants and

anarchistsanarchists Both evaded the draft during WWIBoth evaded the draft during WWI In May 1920 both were arrested and In May 1920 both were arrested and

charged with robbery and murder in charged with robbery and murder in Mass. The evidence was Mass. The evidence was circumstantial.circumstantial.

Both were sentenced to death, Both were sentenced to death, Protests beganProtests began

Both were electrocutedBoth were electrocuted on Aug. 1927 on Aug. 1927

Page 21: Post War Issues 1919-1921

Nativism and the KKKNativism and the KKK Red Scare, Anti-immigrant Red Scare, Anti-immigrant

feelings, and anti-communism feelings, and anti-communism gave bigots an excuse to gave bigots an excuse to harass anyone different from harass anyone different from themselvesthemselves

By By 1924 membership in the 1924 membership in the KKK reached 4.5KKK reached 4.5 million who million who claimed to be 100% Americanclaimed to be 100% American

They harassed They harassed Blacks, Blacks, Catholics, Jews, and ImmigrantsCatholics, Jews, and Immigrants

Page 22: Post War Issues 1919-1921
Page 23: Post War Issues 1919-1921

The Quota SystemThe Quota System From 1919 – 1921 the number of From 1919 – 1921 the number of

immigrants had grown from immigrants had grown from 141,000 to 805,000 people.141,000 to 805,000 people.

The Emergency Quota Act of The Emergency Quota Act of 1921 set up the 1921 set up the quota systemquota system

It set a It set a maximum number that maximum number that could enter the US by countrycould enter the US by country

It It discriminated against Eastern discriminated against Eastern and Southern Europeans, mainly and Southern Europeans, mainly Catholics and JewsCatholics and Jews

Page 24: Post War Issues 1919-1921

A Time Of Labor UnrestA Time Of Labor Unrest In In 19191919 there were some there were some 3,000 3,000

strikesstrikes in which 4 million in which 4 million workers walked off the job.workers walked off the job.

Striking Workers were labeled Striking Workers were labeled as Communists or radicalsas Communists or radicals

Inflation was high yet Inflation was high yet employers wanted to keep employers wanted to keep wages downwages down

Major Strikes caught Major Strikes caught Americans attentionAmericans attention

Page 25: Post War Issues 1919-1921

The Boston Police StrikeThe Boston Police Strike Boston Police were given no Boston Police were given no

raise and could not unionizeraise and could not unionize The The police went on strike police went on strike

looting occurred, Gov. Calvin looting occurred, Gov. Calvin Coolidge called out the Coolidge called out the National GuardNational Guard

New Police were hiredNew Police were hired, and , and Coolidge gained recognitionCoolidge gained recognition

Should Public Services Should Public Services industries go on strike?industries go on strike?

Page 26: Post War Issues 1919-1921
Page 27: Post War Issues 1919-1921

Governor CoolidgeGovernor Coolidge

Page 28: Post War Issues 1919-1921

The Steel Mill StrikeThe Steel Mill Strike In In Sept. 1919Sept. 1919 Steel Workers Steel Workers

wanted shorter hours, higher wanted shorter hours, higher wages, union recognition and wages, union recognition and the right to collectively bargain.the right to collectively bargain.

300,000 steel workers walked 300,000 steel workers walked off the joboff the job

Strikers were beatenStrikers were beaten by police, by police, federal troop and state militias.federal troop and state militias.

An An 8- Hour workday was 8- Hour workday was granted, but no Union granted, but no Union recognitionrecognition..

Page 29: Post War Issues 1919-1921

Steel Strike 1919Steel Strike 1919

Page 30: Post War Issues 1919-1921

The Coal Miners StrikeThe Coal Miners Strike In 1919 the In 1919 the United United

Mine WorkersMine Workers (AFL) (AFL) protested long work protested long work days and low wagesdays and low wages

Union Leader Union Leader John John L. LewisL. Lewis defined a defined a court order to keep court order to keep the strike goingthe strike going

Arbitration yielded Arbitration yielded a a 27% pay increase27% pay increase for the miners, yet for the miners, yet their workday their workday remained the same.remained the same.

18 Strikers Killed18 Strikers Killed

Page 31: Post War Issues 1919-1921

The Seattle Strike 1919The Seattle Strike 1919 In February 1919, a strike by city In February 1919, a strike by city

ship yard workers escalated into a ship yard workers escalated into a city wide strike.city wide strike.

General Strike – Workers strike in General Strike – Workers strike in may industries at the same time may industries at the same time grinding the city to a haltgrinding the city to a halt..

60,000 workers were out, Seattle 60,000 workers were out, Seattle was shut downwas shut down

Strikers were denounced as Strikers were denounced as communist, and radicalscommunist, and radicals

US Troops went in, Work resumedUS Troops went in, Work resumed