potential for biomass energy development in south carolina tim adams resource development director...
TRANSCRIPT
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Potential for Biomass Energy Development in South Carolina
Tim Adams
Resource Development Director
South Carolina Forestry Commission
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South Carolina’s Forest Products
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Production of Primary Timber Products in South Carolina
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Mill
ion
Cu
bic
Fe
et
1936 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1995 2003
New capacity
Posts & pilings
Composite panels
Veneer logs
Saw logs
Pulpwood
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Forestry’s Economic Impact
#1 manufacturing industry in jobs & payroll
$17.45 billion total economic impact
$1 billion in forest products export
#1 agricultural commodity in SC
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Relative Size of Forestry Sectors
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South Carolina Manufacturing Sector Rankings
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
Em
plo
ymen
t
Forest Products Textiles TransportationEquipment
IndustrialMachinery
Chemicals Apparel
Industry Sector
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Lab
or
Inco
me
(mil
lio
n)
Forest Products TransportationEquipment
Chemicals Textiles IndustrialMachinery
Apparel
Industry Sector
0
1000
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3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
Val
ue
Ad
ded
(m
illi
on
)
Chemicals Forest Products TransportationEquipment
Textiles IndustrialMachinery
Apparel
Industry Sector
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
To
tal
Ind
ust
ry O
utp
ut
(mil
lio
n)
Chemicals TransportationEquipment
Forest Products IndustrialMachinery
Textiles Apparel
Industry Sectors
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How Big is Forestry in SC?
Each year, the 944,000 loads of wood hauled to South Carolina mills would stretch from Myrtle Beach to Los Angeles ...almost 4 times!
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South Carolina’s 20/15 Project
To grow the industry from $17.4 billion to $20 billion by 2015
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What is Woody Biomass?
Any organic matter from trees or woody plants
Woody biomass is generally considered to be forestry residues.
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Biomass Consumption in SC
Smurfit-Stone 570,000 tons Bowater 475,000 “ IP - Eastover 320,000 “ Kapstone 300,000 “ Norbord 162,500 “
48 users in SC 3.2 million tons
From SC Energy Office web site - 2007 data
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Volatile Energy Costs
Coal spot prices
July ’08 - $150
May ’09 - $43
Oct. ’09 - $52
Feb.’10 - $59
www.eia.doe.gov
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State Renewable Portfolio Standards
California: 20% by 2010 Illinois: 25% by 2025 Pennsylvania 18% by 2020 North Carolina 12.5% by 2021 Virginia 12% by 2022 Texas 5,880 MW by 2015
29 state & District of Columbia have an RPS
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House of Representatives
Federal Renewable Electricity Standard
Calendar year Minimum annual percentage2012 ............................................ 6.02014 ............................................ 8.52016............................................. 11.02018 ............................................ 14.02020 ............................................ 17.52022……………………………….. 21.02024……………………………......23.02025……………………………......25.0
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Electric Generation Fuel Sources in SC
Nuclear53%
Coal40%
Natural Gas3%
Renewables4%
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Renewable Energy Resources
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Forest Inventory & Analysis
Goal: To describe the extent and condition of the state’s forests.
Have completed 9 surveys between 1936 and 2006.
Data collection – SC Forestry Commission
Data analysis – USDA Forest Service
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Forestland Acreage, 1936-2007
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
Are
a (T
ho
usa
nd
Acr
es)
1936 1947 1958 1968 1978 1986 1993 2001 2007
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Timber Volume
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Billion
cu
bic
feet
1947 1958 1968 1978 1986 1993 2001 2007
Softwoods
Hardwoods
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Timber Volume Inventory
Total Growing Stock Inventory
100%
Annual Gross Growth
6.8%
Annual Removals
4.1%
Annual Mortality
0.7%
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….is now fueling the biomass initiative.
The destruction of Hurricane Hugo in over 23 counties in South Carolina
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Age Distribution of South Carolina’s SYP Forestlands
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000A
cre
s
0 t
o 5
11
to
15
21
to
25
31
to
35
41
to
45
51
to
55
61
to
65
71
to
75
81
to
85
91
to
95
10
0+
Five-Year Age Class
2007
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Harris Report – SC’s First Biomass Estimate
Logging residues 4.4 million tons Precommercial thinning 8.6 “ “ Mill residues 1.6 “ “ Urban wood waste 0.6 “ “ Commercial thinning 5.3 “ “ Southern scrub oak 0.05 “ “ Agricultural residues 1.1 “ “
21.65 million tons
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Assessing the Potential for Biomass Energy Development in South Carolina
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New Biomass Components
1. Mill residue
2. Logging residue
3. Standing residuals after harvest
4. Urban wood
5. Precommercial thinnings
6. Commercial thinnings
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Mill Residues
Mill Residue by Type
22%
9%
33%
36% Bark
Coarse
Sawdust
Shavings
6.16 million tons in 2007
99.8% utilized
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Mill Residue Survey: Softwoods
15 softwood mills responded to the survey Average hauling distance was 29 miles
Bark - $14.30/ton Other Coarse Residue $18.00/ton Sawdust - $23.75/ton Chips - $27.00/ton Shavings - $49.85/ton
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Mill Residue Survey: Hardwoods
5 hardwood mills responded to the survey Average hauling distance was 37 miles
Bark - $10.66/ton Sawdust - $12.92/ton Other Coarse Residue $13.49/ton Chips - $20.07/ton
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Logging Residues
4.5 million tons in 2006
Logging Residue by Type
7%
40%
53%
Whips
Recoverabletops & limbs
Non-recoverableresidue
~7% utilized
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Timber Producer Survey: Current Producers
6 current biomass producers responded Average production is 37,583 tons/year
Ranges from 10,000 tons to 100,000 tons
Average delivered price is $20.82/ton Ranges from $19/ton to $22/ton
Average haul distance is 44 miles Ranges from 20 to 55 miles
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Timber Producer Survey: Potential Producers 19 potential biomass producers identified Average estimated production is 34,338
tons/year Total production capacity of 19 producers
would be 652,426 tons/year. Average entry price point is $27.50/ton
($26.29/ton when weighted by production capacity) Entry-point prices ranged from $22 to $30/ton
Assumes 30-mile haul distance
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Standing Residuals After Harvest
3.3 million tons in 2006
0% utilized
Standing Residuals by Harvest Type
48%
33%
17%1%
Final Harvest
CommercialThinning
Partial Harvest
TSI
Seed Tree/Shelterwood
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Urban Wood
Urban Wood by Type
48%
1%6%
17%
28%RecycledMaterials
Grinding/Composting
C&D Landfills
LCD Landfills
Incinerators
Recycled Materials (tons)
Paper…………… 726,876Yard trimmings… 241,679Pallets & crates…..25,473
2.1 million tons in 2007
73% utilized
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Precommercial Thinnings
593,955 tons in 2006
0% utilized
591,000 acres of overstocked natural seedling/sapling stands contain 7.9 million green tons of biomass <5” dbh.
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Although they may be utilized…
Commercial thinnings were not included in this biomass estimate
after analysis of the long-term sustainability of South Carolina’s
forest resource.
Commercial Thinnings
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Pine Volume on Timberland by Diameter Class
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
5.0-6.9
7.0-8.9
9.0-10.9
11.0-12.9
13.0-14.9
15.0-16.9
17.0-18.9
19.0-20.9
21.0-28.9
Diameter Class
Vo
lum
e (M
M C
ub
ic F
ee
t)
2001
2006
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Tree Planting in South Carolina 1981-2009
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Mil
lio
n S
ee
dli
ng
s P
lan
ted
1981 1985 1989 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009
Cost-ShareNon Cost-Share
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Pine Pulpwood Inventory Projections
0
50
100
150
200
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021W
oo
d V
olu
me
(mil
lio
n t
on
s)
Expanded Industry Level 2001 Industry Level
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Biomass Sourcing at Price Points
2,571,000 2,931,000 3,291,000 3,651,000 5,610,000 5,610,000
600,000 1,360,000 1,800,000 3,400,000 4,380,000 4,530,000
392,000 981,000 1,275,000 2,419,000 3,138,000 3,269,000
1,252,000 1,418,000 1,584,000 1,749,000 1,915,000 2,081,000
0 0 0 0 0 594,000
$20 $22 $24 $26 $28 $30
Cost per ton
Mill Residues
Logging Residues
Standing Residuals
Urban Wood
Precommercial Thinning
Totals 15.0 million 16.1 million11.2 million8.0 million6.7 million4.8 million
Cu
rre
ntl
y U
tili
zed
Pa
rtia
lly
Uti
lize
d
No
t U
tili
zed
MW Capacity
% of Homes
437 MW
11% 15% 18% 25% 34% 35%
594 MW 702 MW 970 MW 1,304 MW 1,342 MW
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Biomass Projects
•Loblolly Green Power
•Palmetto Renewable Energy
•USC Biomass Plant