POTENTIAL OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN LAWSONIA INERMISSUBSTANCES IN LAWSONIA INERMIS

AS AN ANTIMICROBIAL DYE FOR TEXTILE INDUSTRIESTEXTILE INDUSTRIES

Nurul ‘Uyun Ahmad and Ida Idayu MuhamadBioprocess Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor

Nurul ‘Uyun Ahmad and Ida Idayu MuhamadBioprocess Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Engineering,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johorg yTel: + 6075535541; E-mail: idayu@cheme.utm.my

g yTel: + 6075535541; E-mail: idayu@cheme.utm.my

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

• Revival interest in the use of natural dye in textile coloration has beengrowing. This is a result of the stringent environmental standardsi d b t i i t th t i d ll iimposed by many countries in response to the toxic and allergicreactions associated with synthetic colorant.

• Natural dyes can offer not only a rich and varied source of dyestuff, butalso the possibility of an income through sustainable harvest and sale ofthese dye plantsthese dye plants.

• In areas where synthetic dyes, mordant (fixatives) and other additivesy y , ( )are imported and therefore relatively expensive, natural dyes can offeran attractive alternative.

CURRENT PROBLEMSCURRENT PROBLEMSCURRENT PROBLEMSCURRENT PROBLEMS

• Synthetic antimicrobial dye are very effective against the range ofmicrobes and give the durable effect on textiles.

• However major concern due to the associated side effects, action on nontarget microorganism and water pollution.

• Antimicrobial dye based on eco-friendly become a huge demand agentswhich not only help to reduce the ill effects but also comply the regulationwhich not only help to reduce the ill effects but also comply the regulation.

• Potential use of Lawsonia inermis as a natural antimicrobial textile dyehas not been fully exploitedhas not been fully exploited.

MARKET VALUEMARKET VALUEMARKET VALUE MARKET VALUE

• According to Leatherhead Food Research (LFR),natural colors now represent 31% of the total market,compared ith j st o er 40% for s ntheticscompared with just over 40% for synthetics.

LFR di t th t i th di t t l l• LFR predicts that in the medium term, natural colorswill push synthetic colors into second position.

LawsoniaLawsonia inermisinermisLawsoniaLawsonia inermisinermis

Locally known as daun inai or henna - family Lythareceae andthe sole member of its genus Lawsonia.

Native to North Africa Asia and Australia cultivated in the Native to North Africa, Asia and Australia, cultivated in thetropics of America, Egypt, India, and parts of the Middle East.

Produces a wine-red dye molecule, Lawsone.

General use;

– Decorate hands and feet during weddings/celebrations – Heal various ailmentsHeal various ailments– As a cooling agent for burning skin by absorbing or blocking

ultraviolet radiation.f– Vital for hair nourishment

– Hair dyes– Great healing effects– Great healing effects – To be antibacterial, anti-fungal and sedative effect. - destroy

fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce.

Lawsonia Inermis

LAWSONE : An Antimicrobial DyeLAWSONE : An Antimicrobial DyeLAWSONE : An Antimicrobial DyeLAWSONE : An Antimicrobial Dye

• A red-orange dye that concentrated in the leaves.

• Chemically : 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, alsoknown as hennotannic acidknown as hennotannic acid.

Ind striall Nat ral Orange 6 and C I75480• Industrially : Natural Orange 6 and C.I75480.

H ffi it f b di ith t i• Has an affinity for bonding with protein.

ADVANTAGES OF USING LAWSONEADVANTAGES OF USING LAWSONE

Easy availability Environment friendly Very economic

Renewability Low toxicity Eliminate bad odors

Natural colorantSuperior

antimicrobial properties / Good in

Give antibacterial, anti-fungal and

d ti ff tproperties / Good in inhibiting effect sedative effect

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY USING KIRBY-BAUER DISC DIFFUSION METHOD

Inoculums preparation

Inoculation of Nutrient Agar plate

Application of the discs

g p

Application of the discs

Obtaining resultObtaining result

A ti i bi l ti it f L i I i d t d d tibi ti

Inhibition zone (cm)

Antimicrobial activity of Lawsonia Inermis and standard antibiotic(zone of inhibition in cm)

Micro organism

Inhibition zone (cm)Ethanol extract

(20μl/disc)Petroleum

ether extract(20μl/disc)

Tetra-chlorocycline

(20μl/disc)

Streptomycin(20μl/disc)

(20μl/disc) (20μl/disc)

B. subtilis 3.2±0.1 2.7±0.3 2.8±0.1 2.5±0.1

E coli 2 9±0 2 2 4±0 2 2 5±0 1 1 6±0 1E. coli 2.9±0.2 2.4±0.2 2.5±0.1 1.6±0.1

Values are means ± standard deviation (cm) of duplicate; ‘‘-’’, no inhibition zone DD, diameter of inhibition zone (cm) including disc diameter of 6 mmof inhibition zone (cm) including disc diameter of 6 mm

Inhibition Zone of Petroleum Ether Extract of L. inermis against

Inhibition Zone of Ethanol Extract ofL. inermis against B. subtilis

B. subtilis

COLONY FORMING EFFICIENCY TESTCOLONY-FORMING EFFICIENCY TEST

0.1 ml 0.1 ml 0.1 ml 0.1 ml 0.1 ml 0.1 ml 0.1 ml 0.1 ml0.1 ml

Flow Process of Serially Dilution

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Bottle 1 = (X) ml of extract + 0 03 ml of broth suspension + 0 05 ml of nutrient broth

(1:10) (1:102) (1:103) (1:104) (1:105) (1:106) (1:107) (1:108) (1:109) (1:1010)

Bottle 1 = (X) ml of extract + 0.03 ml of broth suspension + 0.05 ml of nutrient broth= (Y) ml of culture

Bottle 2 to 10 = 0.9 ml of distilled water

30ml) Ethanol extract Petroleum ether extract

1919

25

2021

1920

25

nits

(cfu

/m Bs – B. Subtilis Ec – E. coli

1413

10

8

16 1615

12

14 1413

1211

910

15

mat

ion

un

8

0

5

onie

s fo

rm

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Col

o

Dilution factor (g/ml) and bacterial used

Bs Ec Bs Ec Bs Ec Bs Ec Bs Ec10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 10-10

Dilution factor (g/ml) and bacterial usedGraph shown number of colonies formation units (cfu/ml) versus dilution factor (g/ml)of 70µl L. inermis using B. subtilis and E. coli strains

• The ethanol extract was better in combating gram-positive bacteria (B subtilis) rather than grampositive bacteria (B. subtilis) rather than gram-negative bacteria (E. coli).

• It also being observed that petroleum ether extract of L. inermis combating E. coli more than B. subtilis inL. inermis combating E. coli more than B. subtilis in every serially dilution except at dilution factor of 10-7

using 70 µl of extract.

INCORPORATING LAWSONEINCORPORATING LAWSONEINTO TEXTILESINTO TEXTILES

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Lawsonia inermis is a natural colorant with antimicrobial effect that friendly to the environment than synthetic colorant It can exhibit betterLawsonia inermis is a natural colorant with antimicrobial effect that friendly to the environment than synthetic colorant It can exhibit betterfriendly to the environment than synthetic colorant. It can exhibit better biodegradability and generally have a higher compatibility with the environment.

friendly to the environment than synthetic colorant. It can exhibit better biodegradability and generally have a higher compatibility with the environment.

It would be very useful in textiles industrial for antimicrobial agent in which after incorporated in textiles material. It would be very useful in textiles industrial for antimicrobial agent in which after incorporated in textiles material.

Use of natural dyes cuts down significantly on the amount of toxic effluent resulting from the synthetic dye process.Use of natural dyes cuts down significantly on the amount of toxic effluent resulting from the synthetic dye process.

HIGH POTENTIAL USE OF LAWSONE FOR OTHER INDUSTRIES

Food & Beverage Pharmaceutical & Medical

CosmeceuticalCosmeceutical