potential therapeutic applications of persimmon diospyros

Journal of Home Economics, Volume30, Number (4), 2020

321

The 7th international- 21th Arabic conference

for Home Economics

"Home Economics and sustainable

development2030"

December -15th, 2020

Journal of Home Economics

http://homeEcon.menofia.edu.eg ISSN 1110-2578 Potential Therapeutic Applications of Persimmon

(Diospyros kaki-Virginiana) fruits and leaves as Evaluated on diabetic Male Albino Rats

Mohamed M. Ali, Sherif S. Rageb, Yousif A. Elhassaneen,

Abeer N. Abd El-Rahman, Amira H. Darwish

Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics,

Menoufia University, Egypt.

Abstract:

This study aims to study the effects of Persimmon (Diospyros

kaki-Virginiana) fruits and leaves on biological and biochemical

parameters of diabetic rats. Forty male mature albino rats weighing

140-150g per each, were randomly divided into two main groups .Group

І: negative control (-ve) fed on standard diet . Group П: diabetic rats

n=35 (treated by alloxan 150 mg\kg Bwt. to induce diabetic) , then

divided into equal seven subgroups the first : group was kept as control

(+ve) , while the left six groups were given daily fruits and leaves of

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki-Virginiana) powder at 2.5% , 5% and 7.5%

for 28 days. At the end of the experiment, Body weight gain (BWG),

Feed intake (F.I), Feed Efficiency Ration(FER), glucose , Serum

asparatate aminotransferase (AST) ,Total protein, serum albumin,

Globulin, Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) , Alkaline phosphatase

(ALP) , urea, creatinin, uric acid were determined . The results of the

obtained data showed that BWG , FI and FER were markedly non

significant in all tested groups as compared to control (+ve) group. Also,

data indicated that the effect of persimmon leaves was higher than the

effect of persimmon fruit on blood glucose and feeding on 7.5%

persimmon leaves had the highest effect. Incase of total protein all

diabetic rats fed on different diets showed significant increases in mean

values as compared to control (+) group. The best treatment considering

the serum total protein (T.P) was recorded for group"8" (7.5%

http://homeecon.menofia.edu.eg/



321

persimmon leaves ) in comparison with control (-) group. Also, serum

albumin increased rats which fed on groups 4, 6 and 8 (diabetic rats fed

on 2.5% persimmon leaves , 5% persimmon leaves and 7.5% persimmon

leaves , respectively ) showed nonsignificant differences between them

and there were non significant as compared to control (-) group. So, the

best results of ALB were recorded in these groups . beside that , all

diabetic rats fed on various diets revealed a significant decreases in

mean values as compared to control (+) group for serum globulin mean .

while, improved liver and kidney functions. So, from this study results

concluded that intake of fruits and leaves powder of persimmon fruit

especially at 7.5% can be useful for improving diabetic .

Key words: T.P, ALB , GLB , liver and kidney function, Diabetic (DM).

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic progressive metabolic

disorder characterized by hyperglycemia mainly due to absolute (Type 1

DM) or relative (Type 2 DM) deficiency of insulin hormone ( Saurabh

et al., 2013) and is expected to increase to 439 million by 2030 (Chen

et al., 2011).

Diabetes complications are common among patients with type 1

or type 2 diabetes but, at the same time, are responsible for significant

morbidity and mortality. The chronic complications of diabetes are

broadly divided into microvascular and macrovascular, with the former

having much higher prevalence than the latter. Microvascular

complications include neuropathy, nephropathy, and retinopathy, while

macrovascular complications consist of cardiovascular disease, stroke,

and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Diabetic foot syndrome has been

defined as the presence of foot ulcer associated with neuropathy, PAD,

and infection (Konstantinos et al., 2018).

Drug therapies often lose their effectiveness with time and natural

compounds are gaining attention for curing diabetes mellitus and allied

complications .In Asian communities, natural products are more popular

to cure type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, these drugs often accompany

escalating side effects. In response, natural foods are replacing these

(Masood et al., 2015). Phytochemicals, such as polyphenolic

compounds, carotenoids, ascorbate and vitamin E received much

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Shrivastava%20SR%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=23497559


321

attention, mainly due to their antioxidant activity and the relevant role

they would play in prevention and treatment of several human diseases

( Zhang and Tsao, 2016).

Persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki) are rich in antioxidants such

as ascorbic acid, carotenoids and various polyphenols, including tannins

( Favati et al., 2018 and Maulidiani et al., 2018).

Recently , great attention has been paid to a number of

nonvitamin antioxidants, widely distributed in natural sources like fruit,

vegetables, and spices, having the ability to enhance the antioxidative

defense mechanism at cellular level without side effects.. The main

group of compounds that act primarily as free radical terminator or

antioxidants is plant phenolics. Among fruits, persimmon is comprised

of a large number of biologically active polyphenols like tannins and

flavonoids having good antioxidant potential. These polyphenols prevent

the diabetes resulting from oxidative stress .since these work as

antioxidants preventing the peroxidation of lipids by the donation of a

hydrogen atom from hydroxyl group attached to their chemical structure

rapidly and form peroxyl radical (ROO) that ultimately leads to the

formation of alkyl (aryl) hydroperoxide (ROOH) (Shazia et al., 2016).

Masood et al., (2015) estimated that inhibition of pancreas alpha-

amylase could be one of major mechanisms responsible for the

antidiabetic role of persimmon However, the antidiabetic effects are

dependent on degree of polymerization of bioactive components of

persimmon .

Recently, it has been shown that persimmon possesses several

pharmacological activities such as strong radical scavenging and

antioxidant properties and antigenotoxic and anticarcinogenic and anti-

inflammatory and antihypertensive and antidiabetic effects (Jang et al.,

2010).

Therefore, further studies are required to elucidate whether

persimmon and their leaves may be effective for the prevention and

treatment of diabetes. So the present study aims to determine the effect

of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki-Virginiana) fruit and leaves on diabetic

rats.

Materials And Methods

Source Of Material :

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6064204/#ref-62




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Persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki- Virginiana) were purchased

from the local market in shebin El-kom, Egypt. And leaves were

obtained from Ministry of Agriculture Farm .All chemicals and

diagnostic kits were purchased from El-Gomhoria Co., Cairo, Egypt.

Preparation of the tested material: Whole ripening fruits were washed, sliced into 1cm thick

rings and then were dehydrated at 50°C in a cabinet dryer for 12 hr and

powdered (Akyidiz et al., 2004). and leaves were dried at 40 ºC for

three days and ground into fine powder by using electric grinder.

Persimmon powder and leaves mixed with the basal diet before the rats

were fed.

Rats and diet : Male albino rats, weighting 140-150 g ±10gwhich

obtained from Research Institute Ophthamology Medical Analysis

Department ,Cario.

Alloxan and basal diet constituents : were obtained from El-Gomhoria

Company for trady Drug Chemicals and Medicals, Cairo, Egypt.

Chemicals: The basal diet was prepared according to the following :

protein (14%), soybean oil (4%), vitamin mixture (1%),salt mixture

(3.5%), cellulose (5%), choline chloride(0.2%), methionine (0.3%) and

the remained is corn starch up to 100 according to AIN, (1993).

Experimental Design: Forty male albino rats were housed in healthy condition (21-

23ºC) and fed on basal diet for one week before starting the experiment

for acclimatization . After this, rats were divided into two main groups,

Group I (5rats) fed on basal diet as a negative control (-ve) , Group П

(35 rats) diabetic rats injected by alloxan ( 150 mg/ kg then classified

into seven equal sub groups as follow:

Sub group (1): Diabetic rats feed on basal diet as apositive control.

Sub group (2): Diabetic rats treated with 2.5% persimmon kaki fruits

powder .

Sub group (3): Diabetic rats treated with 2.5% persimmon leaves

powder.

Sub group (4): Diabetic rats treated with 5% persimmon kaki fruits

powder.

Sub group (5): Diabetic rats treated with 5% persimmon leaves

powder .


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Sub group (6): Diabetic rats treated with 7.5% persimmon kaki fruits

powder.

Sub group (7): Diabetic rats treated with 7.5% persimmon leaves

powder During the experiment period, the feed intake and body weight

were weigthed daily and twice a week, respectively. Body weight gain

(BWG) and Feed efficiency ratio (FER) were calculated at the end of the

experimental period according to the following equations:

BWG (g) = final weight (g) - initial weight (g)

FER = weight gain (g) / feed intake (g/day/rat)

At the end of the experimental period, rats were sacrificed after a12 hr.

fast. then scarified .Blood samples were centrifuged for 20 min at 3000

rpm to separate the serum samples which were kept in tube at -20◦ C till

biochemical analysis according to Drury and Wallington, (1980).

Biochemical analysis: Blood glucose was carried out calorimetrically according to the

method of Tinder , (1969).Serum total protein, serum albumin and

serum globulin were determined as g/dl according to the method

described by Weissman et al., (1950) and Doumas et al.,( 1971)

modified by Spencer and Price, (1977) and Chary and Sharma,

(2004) respectively . Serum asparatate aminotransferase (AST), serum

alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were

carried out according to the method of Henry et al., (1974), and

IFFC,(1983).Urea, creatinine and uric acid were determined according

to the methods of Patton and Crouch ,(1977) ; Henry, (1974), and

Schultz, (1984), respectively.

Statistical analysis: Results are expressed as mean values with their

standard deviation of the mean. In order to compare the groups Analysis

of Variance (ANOVA) test was used. Values at P≤0.05 were considered

to be statistically significant according to SAS, (2006).

Results and Discussion From table (1) ,data showed the effect of Persimmon (Diospyros

kaki-Virginiana) fruits and leaves on feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed efficiency ratio (FER) in diabetic rats . For body weight gain , the mean value of BWG of control (+) group was lower than control (-) group, being 0.84 ± 0.01(g) and 2.7±0.05 respectively, showing significant difference between them . All diabetic rats fed on various diets showed significant increases in mean values as compared to control (+) group. there is no significant differences among groups ( 4


321

and 5) also, there is no significant differences among the groups (7 and 8).The best BWG was recorded for groups 6 and 8 ( diabetic rats fed on 5% leaves and 7.5% persimmon fruit). Concerning feed intake , data revealed that the mean value of ( F.I) of control (+) group was lower than control (-) group, being 5.9 ± 0.12 and 7.04 ± 0.05 (g) respectively, showing a significant difference. The percent of increasing +19.3 % of control (-) as compared to control (+) . G4, G6 and G7 showed nonsignificant differences in mean values which were 6.18 ± 0.07,6.1 ±015 and 6.2± 0.1 (g/day/rat), respectively as compared to control (+).Also, there is no significant between groups (3 and 8) being 6.5 ±0.1 and 6.6 ±0.1, respectively. Numerically the best F.I was recorded for group 3 and 8 (diabetic rats fed 2.5% persimmon fruit and 7.5% persimmon leaves respectively) when compared to control (-) group. For FER, data showed that the mean value of FER of control (+) group was lower than control (-) group, being 0.14 ±0.01 and 0.38 ±0.2 respectively, showing a significant difference with percent of increase+ 171.4% of control (-) group as compared to control (+). Groups (4, 5, 6, 7 and 8) showed a significant increases in mean values as compared to control (+) group . Groups 6, 7 and 8 showed nonsignificant differences between them. Groups 4 and 5 showed nonsignificant differences between them .Also there is nonsignificant differences between group 3 (diabetic rats fed on 2.5% persimmon fruits) and positive control group. Numerically , the best FER was recorded for group 6 (diabetic rats fed on 5% persimmon leaves) when compared to control (-) group. These results disagree with the finding carried out by Gorinstein et al.,( 2000) they estimated that addition of persimmon to the diets did not

affect diet intake, its efficiency or body weight gains of rats. Table (1): Effect of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki-Virginiana) fruit and

leaves on feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed efficiency ratio (FER) in diabetic rats.

Rat Serial Groups BWG (g) FI (g/day/ rat)

FER(g/day)

1 control (-ve) 2.7±0.05a 7.04±0.05

a 0.38± 0.02

a

2 control (+ve) 0.84±0.01f 5.9±0.12

c 0.14 ±0.01

d

3 2.5% fruit powder 0.98±0.01e 6.5±0.1

b 0.15±0.01

d

4 2.5%leaves powder 1.1±0.1d 6.18±0.07

c 0.18±0.002

c

5 5% fruit powder 1.06±0.03d 5.7±0.2

d 0.185±0.01

c

6 5% leaves powder 1.6±0.04b 6.1±0.15

c 0.26 ±0.01

b

7 7.5% fruit powder 1.45±0.05c 6.2±0.02

c 0.23 ±0.03

b

8 7.5% leaves powder 1.48±0.07c 6.6±0.1

b 0.23±0.001

b

LSD 0.075 0.2 0.027


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Values are mean ± SD. Values in the same column sharing the same superscript

letters are not statistically significantly different.

Effect of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki-Virginiana) fruits and leaves on

serum glucose (mg/dl) in diabetic rats

The effect of persimmon fruit and leaves on glucose of diabetic

rats was tabulated in table (2) It could be noticed that the mean value of

glucose of control (+) group was higher than control (-) group , it was

being 222.3±2.5, 98±1 (mg/dl) respectively, showing significant

difference with percent of decrease – 55.9 of control (-) group as

compared to control (+). All diabetic rats fed on different diets indicate

significant decreases in mean values as compared to control (+) group.

The effect of persimmon leaves was higher than the effect of

persimmon fruit on blood glucose and feeding on 7.5% persimmon

Persimmon (mg/dl). 99.6±3.0h was leaves had the highest effect whic

prandial blood -leaves significantly suppressed the increase in the post

mice. Insulin has a treated-glucose levels as compared to those in PBS

prandial glucose levels within a -pivotal role in maintaining the post

ange by enhancing glycogen synthesis and glycolysis, and by normal r

Persimmon peel ( .,2004).et al ( Bouchésuppressing gluconeogenesis

PP) containing high levels of dietary fiber and antioxidants with

antidiabetic properties represents a potential dietary supplement for

improving hyperglycemia and diabetic complications (Syng‐Ook et

al.,2006).Another study in Wistar albino diabetic rats also suggested

persimmon is rendered a hypoglycemic effect from its antioxidant

) (2009 ,.t aleGao , 2009)..et al(Dewanjee defense mechanisms

reported that the protection of total flavonoids from persimmon leaf

Similar results have been possesses significant hypoglycemic activities.

week treatment with powdered persimmon -reported by a study of five

term oral -that long eduggests who ),2012 .,et al(Jung leaves

supplementation with persimmon leaf can effectively exert glycemic

day oral supplementation with -control in diabetic mice. In addition, five

treated mice. In recent -PLE prevented diabetes development in STZ

s, flavonoids have been reported to have acute and analysis studie-meta

2013 .,et al an DamV(chronic effects on glucose and lipid metabolism

The results of table (2) are agreement with that 2014).et al., Liuand

obtained by ( UI-Jin et al., 2015) they suggested that Persimmon

(PLE) was shown to improve the biochemical Leaves Extract


311

parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism and prevented fatty liver

. mice after eight weeks of oral supplementation development in

Table (2): Effect of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki-Virginiana) fruit and

leaves on glucose (mg/dl) in diabetic rats.

Groups Glucose (mg/dl) LSD

1 control (-ve) 98±1g

2.57

2 control (+ve) 222.3±2.5a

3 2.5% fruit powder 126±0.5 b

4 2.5%leaves powder 119±0.29 c

5 5% fruit powder 108±0. 39d

6 5%leaves powder 101.8±0.76f

7 7.5% fruit powder 1o4.9 ±0.72e

8 7.5%leaves powder 99.6±3.05f



Effect of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki-Virginiana) fruits and leaves

on Total protein (T.P), Serum albumin (ALB) and Globulin (GLB)

in diabetic rats

Data of table (3), showed the mean value of serum T.P, Serum

albumin (ALB) and Globulin (GLB) of diabetic rats fed on various

diets. It could be observed that the mean value of T.P. of control (+)

group was lower than control (-) group, being 8.08±0.01 and 9.58±0.01

(g\dl) respectively, indicating a significant difference with percent of

increase +17.5% of control (-) group when compared to control (+)

group. All diabetic rats fed on different diets showed a significant

increases in mean values as compared to control (+) group. Groups 3, 4

and 5 showed nonsignificant differences between them. Nonsignificant

differences recorded also between groups 7 and 8. The best treatment

considering serum T.P was recorded for group"8" (7.5% persimmon

leaves) in comparison with control (-) group. For serum albumin, it

could be observed that the mean value of (ALB) of control (+) group

was lower than control (-) group, being 1.88 ±0.01 and 2.06±0.05

(g\dl) respectively, showing a significant difference, with percent of

increase +9.57% of control (-) group as compared to control (+)group.

Groups 3,5 and 7 (diabetic rats fed on 2.5%persimmon fruit ,5%

persimmon fruit ,7.5% persimmon fruit respectively, showing a


313

significant increase of mean values as compared to control (+) group.

Groups 4, 6 and 8 showed nonsignificant differences between them and

there were non-significant as compared to control (-) group so, the best

results of ALB were recorded in these groups . Also, differences

between groups 3 and 7 were not significant. Concerning Globulin, it

could be observed that the mean value of Globulin of control (+) group

was higher than control (-) group, being 7.47±0.02 and 6.01±0.01 (g/dl)

respectively, indicating a significant difference with percent of decrease

-19.5% of control (-) group when compared to control (+)group. All

diabetic rats fed on various diets revealed significant decreases in mean

values as compared to control (+) group. Groups (6 and 7) showed

nonsignificant differences between them. Numerically, the best

treatment was observed for group 8 (7.5% persimmon leaves) when

compared to control (-) group.

Table (3): Effect of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki-Virginiana) fruits

and leaves on Total protein (T.P), Serum albumin (ALB) and

Globulin (GLB) in diabetic rats.

Rat

Serial Groups T.P(g\dl) ALB(g\dl) GLB(g\dl)

1 control (-ve) 9.58±0.01a 2.06±0.05

a 6.01± 0.01

g

2 control (+ve) 8.08±0.01

e 1.88±0.01

d

7.47

±0.02a

3 2.5%fruit powder 8.8±0.09d 1.96±0.01

c 6.76±0.06

c

4 2.5%leaves powder 8.82±0.02d 2.07±0.02

a 6.87±0.012

b

5 5%fruit powder 8.78±0.01d 2.01±0.01

b 6.71±0.01

d

6 5%leaves powder 8.93±0.03c 2.06±0.02

a 6.54 ±0.01

e

7 7.5%fruit powder 9.03±0.04b 1.96±0.02

c 6.51 ±0.03

e

8 7.5%leaves powder 9.06±0.06b 2.04±0.01

a 6.28±0.03

f

LSD 0.084 0.025 0.04

Values are mean ± SD. Values in the same column sharing the same

superscript letters are not statistically significantly different.

Effect of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki-Virginiana) fruit and leaves on

AST ,ALT and ALP parameters (U/L) in diabetic rats Data of table (4) illustrated the mean value of serum AST , ALT

and ALP of diabetic rats fed on various diets. For AST, it could be

noticed that the mean value of (AST) of control (+) group was higher


312

than control (-) group, being 294.2±1.75 and 206.1±0.96 (U/L)

respectively, showing significant difference with percent of decrease -

29.94 % of control (-) group when compared to control (+) group. All

diabetic rats fed on different diets revealed significant decreases in mean

values as compared to control (+) group. Groups 4 and 5 showed

nonsignificant differences between them. The best treatment was

observed for group 8 (7.5% persimmon leaves) when compared to

control (-) group considering (AST) activity. For ALT, it could be

observed that the mean value of (AST) of control (+) group was higher

than control (-) group, being 99.43±0.66 and 58.6±0.17 (U/L)

respectively, showing significant difference with percent of decrease -

41.06% of control (-) group when compared to control (+) group. All


values as compared to control (+) group. The best treatment was

observed for group 8 (7.5% persimmon leaves) in comparison with

group healthy rats. In case of ALP, It could be noticed that the mean

value of (ALP) of control (+) group was higher than control (-) group,

being 299.3 ±2.5 and 116 ±1(U/L) respectively, indicated a significant

difference with percent of decrease -61.24 % of control (-) group when

compared to control (+)group. All diabetic rats fed on various diets

revealed a significant decreases in mean values as compared to control

(+) group. Numerically, the group of 7.5% persimmon leaves recorded

the better treatment of serum ALP.These results agree with Jia et al.,

(2007) they showed that the persimmon leaf methanol extract and

persimmon fruit methanol extract treatments decreased the activities of

serum alanin aminortasferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransfase (AST)

compared with ethanol control. El-Hawary et al.,(2019) showed that

this plant can provide a good nutritional value and it is safe regarding the

kidney and liver functions, good source that help in enhancing the

antioxidant defense against free radicals. No abnormal effects were

found in lipids profile on experimental animals and there were good

results in the ratio of HDL and LDL cholesterol. Also, this plant can

help in optimizing blood sugar, enhancing the level of blood

haemoglobin. It is concluded that D. kaki displays a good source of

nutrients and bioactive compounds that may contribute to its therapeutic

benefits against the risk of disease complications.


311

Table (4): Effect of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki-Virginiana) fruit

and leaves on AST ,ALT and ALP parameters (mg/dl) in diabetic

rats.

Groups AST(U\L) ALT(U\L) ALP(U\L)

1 control (-ve) 206.1±0.96 g

58.6±0.17h 116± 1

h

2 control (+ve) 294.2±1.75a 99.43±0.66

a 299.3±2.5

a

3 2.5% fruit powder 251±2b 85.57 ±0.4 4

b 224±2

b

4 2.5%leaves powder 248±1c 81.97±0.54

c 220.5±1.1

c

5 5% fruit powder 246±0.5 c 77.02±0.37

d 207.2±1.5

d

6 5%leaves powder 235.07±0.88 e

68.56±0.23f 165.3±1.5

e

7 7.5% fruit powder 237.9±0.6 d

73.5±0.5e 151.1±1.03

f

8 7.5%leaves powder 230.1±1.15f 60.30±0.19

g 141.2±1.05

g

LSD 2.18 2.46 0.75



Effect of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki-Virginiana) fruits and leaves

on Urea , Uric acid and Creatinin parameters (mg/dl) in diabetic

rats Data in table (5) indicated that illustrate the mean value of serum urea

(mg/dl) of diabetic rats fed on various diets. It could be noticed that the

mean value of urea of control (+) group was higher than control (-)

group, being 48.2 ± 0.72 and 22.8 ±0.76 mg/dl respectively, indicating a

significant difference with percent of decrease -52.6 % of control (-)

group when compared to control (+) group. All diabetic rats fed on

different diets revealed a significant decreases in mean values as

compared to control (+) group. Groups 3 and 4 showed nonsignificant

differences between them. Also groups 5, 6 and 7 indicated

nonsignificant differences between them. Numerically the best

treatment was recorded for group 8 (7.5% persimmon leaves) when

compared to control (-) group of serum urea. For uric acid , It could be

observed that the mean value of uric acid of control (+) group was

higher than control (-) group, being 4.17±0.02 and 2.07±0.01 (mg/dl )

respectively, indicating significant difference with percent of decrease -

50.3% of control (-) group when compared to control (+)group. All


311


values as compared to control (+) group. Groups(4 and 5) showed

nonsignificant differences between them. Numerically the best

treatment was observed for group 7 and 8 (7.5% persimmon fruit and

7.5%persimmon leaves) when compared to control (-) group. It seems

possible that persimmon kaki fruit and its leaves could correct the

changes in kidneys function due to injection of rats with alloxan. Also, It

could be observed that the mean value of creatinine of control (+) group

was higher than control (-) group, being.88±0.12 and 0.57 ±0.081

respectively, showing a significant difference with percent of decrease -

29.60% of control (-) group when compared to control (+) group. All

diabetic rats fed on different diets revealed a significant decreases in

mean values as compared to control (+) group. Besides that, there were

no significant differences (P>0.05) in serum Creatinin between groups

6,7(diabetic rats fed on 5% persimmon leaves ,7.5% persimmon kaki

fruit ). Numerically the best treatment was recorded for group 8 (7.5%

persimmon leaves) when compared to control (-) group.

These results were in agreement with Sunity and Himanshu , (2011),

they showed that supplementation of the diet with powered persimmon

leaf(5%, w/w) for 5 weeks not only decreased the concentration of blood

urea nitrogen in the plasma but also improved glomerular hypertrophy.

Furthermore, the persimmon leaf significantly decreased the levels of

hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxide in the kidney. The activities of

superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase and the

mRNA expression of their respective genes were also increased in the

kidney of persimmon leaf-supplemented mice. Taken together, these

results suggest that supplementation with the persimmon leaf may have

protective effects against type 2 diabetes-induced kidney dysfunction

and oxidative stress.


311

Table (5): Effect of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki-Virginiana) fruit

and leaves on Urea , Uric acid and Creatinin

parameters (mg/dl) in diabetic rats.

Groups Urea(mg/dl)

Uric acid

(mg/dl) Creatinin(mg/dl)

1 control (-ve) 22.8±0.76e 2.07±0.01

g 0.57± 1

f

2 control (+ve) 48.2±0.72a 4.17±0.02

a 0.88±2.5

a

3 2.5%fruit powder 38.5±0.5b 2.84 ±0.04

b 0.78±2

b

4 2.5%leaves powder 35.2±0.2 bc

2.72±0.02c 0.74±1.1

c

5 5% fruit powder 33.4±0.4 c 2.69 ±0.02

c 0.67±1.5

d

6 5%leaves powder 32.5±5.22c 2.59 ±0.01

d 0.65±1.5

e

7 7.5% fruit powder 31.04±0.28c 2.45±0.02

e 0.63±1.03

e

8 7.5%leaves powder 27±0.22d 2.15±0.02

f 0.58±1.05

f

LSD 3.38 0.048 0.023



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https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Syng_Ook_Lee

https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/2051627196_Shin-Kyo_Chung

https://www.researchgate.net/journal/1750-3841_Journal_of_Food_Science


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,أفعو اىعبلاد سجيذ ىيجعبد اىشبس اىيب سبثقب ,عي اىجبت الأخش سجيذ اىزبئج اخفبض رحس اى د اىجعبد اىعبىجخ .أدعيب ف اىجيثيىي قبسخ ع اىجعخ اىعبثطخ اىجج

بئف اىنجذ اىني.ظشض اىسنش -ظبئف اىني اىنجذ –اىجيثيىي –الأىجيي –اىجشري اىني الكلمبث المفتبحيت:

.

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potential therapeutic applications of persimmon diospyros

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