poverty alleviation ,employment generation ,women development programmes and problems in rural...

“WE NEED FARMER THRICE A DAY ,REST ALL NEEDS ARE SELDOM”

-By. M.B.Tengli

WELCOME

PRESENTATION ON

“PROGRAMMES FOR

POVERTY ALLEVIATION,EMPLOYMENT GENERATION,

WOMEN DEVELOPMENT, AND

PROBLEMS OF RURALDEVELOPMENT”Course title: Development Perspectives of Extension Education,AG,EXTN-501.

PRESENTER

Mahesh.B.Tengli, jr.M.Sc(Agri) Extn.Edu.

NMCA,NAU,NAVSARI,GUJARAT .

[email protected]

2014-2015Date:29/08/2014

NAVSARI AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

• INDEX

• Introduction

• Poverty alleviation programmes

• Employment generation programmes

• Women development programmes

• Problems in rural development

• Bird view on different developmental schemes during 2014

• Reference


M.B.Tengli M.Sc(Agri) Extn.Edu,NMCA,NAU.

• INTRODUCTION

• No country is free from problems it may be developed, developing and underdeveloped country .

• No country would keep hands on hand and face the coming problems, there is some way to solve or manage them.

• Problems attack the country gradually or suddenly, problems might be a known , current and expected to occur as a consequences of prevailing problems.

• Is there any counter attack ?, yes! various steps initiated by the country to fight against the problems are the programmes and a counter attack .



• Problems are of not same kind ,problems are relating to poverty,employment,women ,rural development etc.So to fight against all this national social evils specific programmes are chalked out such as poverty alleviation programmes ,employment generation programmes, women development programmes, Rural development programmes etc.

• Many problem specific programmes are chalked out depending on the prevailing problems ,an attempt is made in this presentation to enlist and elaborate some of the problem oriented programmes in India.



• DEFINITION

• Programme is a written statement containing a more pertinent factual data used in decision-making, the problems agreed upon with priority assignment and the possible solutions to the problems.



• POVERTY ALLEVIATION PROGRAMMES

• Poverty alleviation refers to poverty reduction• Economic Survey 2013-14: Poverty ratio declines to 21.9

per cent.• 26.93 crore people are below poverty line in India(2013-

2014)• Alleviation of poverty remains a major challenge before the

Government so to mitigate this social evil poverty alleviation programmes are introduced ,let us put some light on various government programmes to mitigate poverty.



• SWARNJAYANTI GRAM SWAROZGAR YOJANA (SGSY)

• self-employment programme • launched with effect from 1.4.1999,• has been conceived keeping in view the strengths and

weaknesses of the earlier schemes of Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) and Allied Programmes along with Million Wells Scheme (MWS).

• The objective of the SGYS is to bring the assisted swarozgraris above the poverty line by providing them income-generating assets through bank credit and Government subsidy.

• The scheme is being implemented on a cost-sharing basis between the Centre and States of 75:25 for non-north-eastern states and 90:10 for north-eastern states.



• Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP- 1978-79)• Training of Rural Youth for Self Employment (TRYSEM-

1979)• Development of Woman and Children in Rural Areas

(DWCRA-1982)• Supply of Integrated Tool-kit for Rural Artisans (SITRA-

1992)• Ganga Kalyan Yojana (GKY-2010-2011) and• Million Well Scheme (MWS: 1988-89)• The above schemes are no longer in operation.



• Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana (SGRY)

• Lunched min September 2001• SGRY was formed by merging JGSY and EAS.• Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana + Employment Assurance

scheme= Sampoorna Gramin Rozgar Yojana .• Objective: To provide additional wage employment in rural areas

as also food security ,creation of durable community and social and economic infrastructure in rural areas.

• SGRY is open to all poor who are in need of wage employment.• This scheme is implemented through Panchayat raj institutions.• Cost sharing 75 % centre & 25% state.



• PRADHAN MANTRI GRAM SADAK YOJANA

• PMGSY is a nationwide plan in India to provide good all-weather road connectivity to unconnected villages.

• Launched in 2000 by the then Prime Minister Of India Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee.

• Objective : The primary objective of the PMGSY is to provide Connectivity, by way of an All-weather Road to the eligible unconnected Habitations in the rural areas, hill areas north eastern states ranging from 1000 population area to 500 population.



• DROUGHT PRONE AREAS PROGRAMME

• (DPAP) is the earliest area development programme launched by the Central Government

• Launched in 1973-1974• Cost sharing centre: state=50:50• Though the programme had a positive impact in terms of

creating durable public assets, its overall impact in effectively containing the adverse effects of drought was not found to be very encouraging.



• Objectives

• The basic objective of the programme is to minimize the adverse effects of drought on the production of crops and livestock and productivity of land, water and human resources thereby ultimately leading to the drought proofing of the affected areas.

• The programme aims at promoting overall economic development and improving the socio-economic condition of the resource poor and disadvantaged sections inhabiting the programme areas through creation, widening and equitable distribution of the resource base and increased

employment opportunities.



• DESERT DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (DDP)

• DDP has been envisaged as an essentially land based activity and conceived as a long term measure for restoration of ecological balance by conserving, developing and harnessing land, water, livestock and human resources.

• DDP was launched in 1977-78.• 1982-DDP merged with DPAP task force committee head

M.S.Swaminathan .



• Objectives

• (i) combating drought and desertification. • (ii) encouraging restoration of ecological balance.• (iii) mitigating the adverse effects of drought and adverse

climatic conditions on crops and livestock and productivity of land, water and human resources.

• (iv) promoting economic development of village community.• (v) improving socio economic conditions of the resource poor

and disadvantaged sections of village community viz; asset less and women.



• COUNCIL FOR ADVANCEMENT OF PEOPLE’S ACTION & RURAL TECHNOLOGY (CAPART).

• Recognizing the need for an organization that would coordinate and catalyze the development work of voluntary agencies in the country, particularly to ensure smooth flow of benefits to the underprivileged and socio-economically weaker sections of society.

• Government of India, in September, 1986 set up the Council for Advancement of People’s Action and Rural Technology (CAPART), a registered society under the aegis of the Department of Rural Development, by merging two autonomous bodies, namely, People’s Action for Development of India (PADI) and Council for Advancement of Rural Technology (CAPART).



• objectives• To encourage, promote and assist voluntary action for the

implementation of projects intending enhancement of rural prosperity.

• To Strengthen and promote voluntary efforts in rural development with focus on injecting new technological inputs;

• To act as a catalyst for the development of technology appropriate for rural areas.

• To promote, plan, undertake, develop, maintain and support projects/schemes aimed at all-round development, creation of employment opportunities, promotion of self-reliance, generation of awareness, organization and improvement in the quality of life of the people in rural areas through voluntary action.



EMPLOYMENT GENERATION PROGRAMMES

• in India the important objective of developmental planning is generation of employment opportunities with food security.

• Due to over population and its higher rates of growth ,unemployment and underemployment in India has increasing from one five year plan to another.

• In order to bring unemployment and underemployment to negligible level and food security against hunger , Government of India(GOI) has been launching schemes and programmes which directly or indirectly generate employment to the citizens in this session we will put some light on some of the employment generation programmes launched by GOI.



• EMPLOYMENT ASSURANCE SCHEME(EAS)

• ESA is centrally sponsored demand driven scheme .• Launched on 2nd October 1993.• EAS was launched in 1775 identified backward blocks

situated in drought prone, desert , tribal and hilly area.• By 1/4/1997 EAS covered all the rural blocks of the country.• In this scheme there was no fixed allocation made to blocks or

districts , base on demand for supplementary employment and the actual use of fund the district through district collector can demand for additional funds.



• Objectives :

• To provide gainful employment during the lean agricultural season in manual work for able bodied adults in rural areas.

• Creation of community , social and economic assets for sustained employment and development.



• JAWAHAR GRAM SAMRADHI YOJANA (JGSY)

• JGSY is restructured ,streamlined and comprehensive version of Jawahar Rozgar Yojana.

• Launched on April 1999• Launched to provide rural poor an additional gainful

employment.• Objective:• To create demand driven village infrastructure and durable

asset which will help the rural poor to increase opportunity of sustainable employment.

• To generate supplementary employment for unemployed poor in the rural areas.



• NATIONAL FOOD FOR WORK PROGRAMME(NFFWP)

• A 100% centrally sponsored programme now this programme is been merged /subsumed with NREGA in February 2006.

• NFFWP launched in November 2004.• It was launched in 150 most backward district of the country .• Objective: • To provide additional resources in addition to the resources

provided under Sampoorna grameen Rozgar yojana to those 150 most backward district.

• To boost up all the defined objectives of SGRY.



• NATIONAL RURAL EMPLOYMENT GURANTEE Act,(NREGA).

• NREGA is a strategic attempt to fight poverty and unemployment .

• NREG Act was notified on September 7, 2005 in 200 district.• NREG Act started functioning from February 2, 2006.• The Act was enacted to provide a minimum guarantee of wage

employment of 100 days in every financial year for able adult of every rural house hold to do unskilled manual work.

• On 2nd October 2009 NREGA was renamed as • Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act,

“MGNERGA”



• objective :

• To enhance livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.

• Now, MGNERGA is been functioning through the country.



• PRIME MINISTER EMPLOYMENT GENERATION PROGRAMME (PMEGP)

• PMEGP is a scheme launched by Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, it is credit linked subsidy scheme.

• Launched in August 2008.• PMEGP was formed by merging PMRY and REGP• The scheme is expected to increase the participation by and

coverage of rural beneficiaries by KVIB( khadi village industrail board) and DIC(district industries centers), the fund earmarked under the scheme is used for providing subsidies.

• Objective:• To generate employment opportunities in rural as well as urban

areas through setting up of new self-employment ventures/projects/micro enterprises.



• WOMEN DEVALOPMENT PROGRAMMES

• Gender equality is now receiving greater attention ,women and children represent 67.7 per cent of countries total population.

• Government is keen to ensure that women are empowered both economically and socially and become equal partner with men in developing nation .

• For the holistic development of women and child various programme have been undertaken in this session deal with women development programmes and they are as follows…



• DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN RURAL AREAS.

• Launched since September 1982 in DWCRA.• It aims at motivating and assisting women to engage

themselves in a productive activity for earning a substantial income as well as to improve the quality of their own and children’s life.

• Objective:• To improve the socio-economic status of the poor women in

the rural areas through creation of groups of women for income-generating activities on a self-sustainingbasis.



• INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES (ICDS) SCHEME

• Launched on 2nd October 1975.

• ICDS Scheme represents one of the world’s largest and most unique programmes for early childhood development.

• ICDS is the foremost symbol of India’s commitment to her children – India’s response to the challenge of providing pre-school education on one hand and breaking the vicious cycle of malnutrition, morbidity, reduced learning capacity and mortality, on the other.



• Objectives:

• to improve the nutritional and health status of children in the age-group 0-6 years.

• ii. to lay the foundation for proper psychological, physical and social development of the child.

• iii. to reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity, malnutrition and school dropout.

• iv. to achieve effective co-ordination of policy and implementation amongst the various departments to promote child development.

• v. to enhance the capability of the mother to look after the normal health and nutritional needs of the child through proper nutrition and health education.



• RASHTRIYA MAHILA KOSH (RMK)

• Rashtriya Mahila Kosh (RMK) was set up in March 1993 as an independent registered society by the Department of Women & Child Development in Government of India’s Ministry of Human Resource Development .

• Objectives:• to extend micro-finance services through a client friendly and

hassle-free loaning mechanism for livelihood activities, housing, micro-enterprises, family needs, etc to bring about the socio-economic upliftment of poor women.



• MAHILA SAMRIDHI YOJANA (MSY)

• For empowerment of minorities, maximum emphasis is required to be given on empowerment of women because they are the weakest link among the minorities this programme was launched.

• Launched on 2nd October, 1993

• NMDFC introduced the Scheme of Mahila Samridhi Yojana which links micro-credit to the women after training. During the training, the group is formed into a Self Help Group.



• Objective :• i) Capacity building through increasing income generating

skills/activities.• ii) Encouraging them to form SHGs and provide them micro

credit support.• iii) Setting up of production based activity suitable to women



• MOTHER AND CHILD TRACKING SYSTEM (MCTS)

• The Mother and Child Tracking System, launched in 2009, helps to monitor the health care system to ensure that all mothers and their children have access to a range of services, including pregnancy care, medical care during delivery, and immunizations.

• The system consists of a database of all pregnancies registered at health care facilities since 1 December 2009, and all births since 1 December 2009.



• THE INDIRA GANDHI MATRITVA SAHYOG YOJANA CONDITIONAL MATERNITY BENEFIT PLAN (CMB).

• Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY), Conditional Maternity Benefit (CMB) is a scheme sponsored by the national government for pregnant and lactating women age 19 and over for their first two live births.

• The programme, which began in October 2010, provides money to help ensure the good health and nutrition of the recipients. As of March 2013 the programme is being offered in 53 districts around the country.



• PRIYADARSHINI• Priyadarshini, initiated in April 2011, is a programme that

offers women in seven districts access to self-help groups



• PROBLMS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT

• As we know the 60-70% of rural population in India lives in primitive conditions. This sorry state exists even after 60 years of independence. So that Rural Development programmes have urgency in the present condition also. There are many obstacles in the rural development programmes which are as under.

• 1. In 21st Century, there is no electricity supply in many villages.• 2. Now also many rural peoples using primitive methods of

cooking, living and farming and they have trust on these methods.

• 3. By using primitive cook stoves, around 300,000 death / year takes plan due to pollution.



• 4. 54% of India’s population is below 25 years and most of them live in rural areas with very little employment opportunities.

• 5. Literacy is the major problem in rural development programme.

• 6. The poor extension linkage causes slow growth of rural development.



• 7. Untrained, unskilled, inexperienced staff in extension linkage cannot provide satisfactory help to rural peoples.

• 8. Every one want to go to the cities, so that rural people’s remains as ignores part by the policy makers also.

• 9. Privatization concept is useful for rural development but, government not praying much attention to this aspect.

• 10. Policy makes prepared policies, programmes for betterment of rural people but, if these programmes are not implemented very well then have no used.





BIRD VIEW ON DIFFERENT DEVELOPMENTAL SCHEMES

DURING 2014

• Agriculture related schemes 2014

• PRADHAN MANTRI KRISHI SINCHAI YOJANA Rs. 1000 cr (providing irrigation facilities in rain-fed areas ).

• PASHMINA PROMOTION PROGRAM

Rs.50cr (Pashmina wool production at Jammu &Kashmir).• Other agricultural developmental aspects • KISAN TV Rs.100cr( to provide real time information on new

techniques ,water conservation and organic farming)• Soil health card Rs.100cr• Mobile soil testing laboratories Rs.56cr• Price stabilization fund Rs.500cr• Farmers market in towns



• RURAL DEVELOPMENT SHEME AND PROGRAM 2014

• Rural development allocation Rs.83, 696crore • Rural housing scheme Rs.8,000cr• National rural drinking water program • Village entrepreneurship program national rural internet

mission Rs.500cr



• DEENDAYAL UPADHAY GRAM JYOTI YOJNA (prominent leader of Bhartiya Jana Sangh) Rs.500crore

• to provide 24*7 power supply to rural areas • augment power supply to rural areas • strengthen sub transmission and distribution system.• SHYAM PRASAD MUKHERJI RURBAN

MISSION(founder of bharati janata sangh 1951)



• DEVELOPMENTAL SCHEMES FOR WOMEN -2014

• NIRBHAI safety of women in road crisis management Rs.50cr.

• Crisis management for women @ Delhi.• BETI BACHAO BETI PADAO( save the girl

child ,educate her ) scheme to overcome the apathy to the girl child.

• Gender mainstream will be taught in schools and included in text books, to sensitize people towards the concerns of girl child and women.

• Rs.150crore to be spent on women safety by the ministry of home affairs.



• DIGITAL INDIA 2014• programme include broadband connectivity up to the village

level• Ebiz• E-kranti• E-visas at nine air ports to boost tourism • Financial inclusion mission



REFERENCE :

• Development Perspective of Extension Education -by O.P.Sharma

• www.planningcommission.nic.in• E-study material MANAGE.



THANK YOU

“RESPECT FARMER HE FEED YOU”