• Area Served:

State of Zulia

• Installed Capacity:

1.512 MW

• Maximum Demand:

2.159 MW

• Consumers or Customers:

577.100

• Workers:

2.147

� To define the power quality processes: Claims Attention,

Supervising and Quality Certification.

� To analyze the power quality processes for an electricity

regulated market, through a work methodology which

comprises 202 study cases, based on power quality

processes.

N = 202

Regulated

Market

• Transients, Sags and Swell.

• Voltage Level.

• Voltage Imbalance.

• Current Imbalance.

• DC Offset.

• Voltage Harmonics.

• Current Harmonics.

• Interharmonics.

• Flicker.

• Power Frequency Variation.

• Power Factor.

Electric Utility

Government

RegulationCustomer

CustomerElectric

Utility

Government

RegulationElectric

Utility

Electric

Utility Customer

Claim Attention

Supervising

Certification

� User requests the attention.

� The cause of the claim must be determined.

� This process provides a direct signal of the existence of a problem in the network or in the user installation.

� The regulating entity requests it through an aleatory sample.

� Only level of tension, tension harmonics and flicker is required.

� The quality of the technical product provided must be validated.

� The user requests it or is carried out by the initiative of the distribution company - utility.

� The quality of the technical product provided must be confirmed.

� What type of equipment is experimenting problems?

� Is it a sensitive charge?

� The equipment presents problems ever since it was installed?

� Does the installation have high power motors installed to it?

� When does it occur? (time, day)

� Are they recurrent?

� Changes on the grounding system have been performed lately ?

� ¿Falls on the luminosity of incandescent bulbs have been observed?

� Presence of electric storms.

� Presence of forest zones.

� Small animals.

� Thirds.

� Commuter condenser banks.

� Neighbor charges with high power motors.

� Conductor in bad shape.

� Non adequate caliber.

� Visual Inspection of connections.

� “TAP” Position.

� Type of connection.

� Tx Capacity and type.

� Impedance (Z).

� Temperature.

� Existence of vibrations.

� Detection of humming.

� Revision of design (As per CEN).

� Visual Inspection of the connections and electrodes to find any evidence of corrosion.

� Measurement of the grounding impedance.

� Visual Inspection of phase condenser connections.

� Verification of the presence of ground conductors and neutral.

� Verification of phase rotation.

� Revision of conduit gauging (As per CEN).

� Detection of humming.

� Determine the presence of burnt smell.

� Temperature.

� Energy Delivery of Sales Point.

� Distribution Circuit.

� Distribution Transformer.

� Equipment presenting failures.

� Direct.

� Indirect.

� During a week or until the perturbance causing the problem is found.

N = 202

N = 202

N = 202

N = 202

N = 121

� Power quality studies have allowed establishing a more effectivecommunication between the customers and the company.

� The methodology used allowed presenting the user the root of theproblem as well as possible solutions to it.

� Working on claims through quality power may provide the opportunity of getting closer to the condition of quality of a technical product in distribution networks.

� The studies carried out provide and approximation of the level of quality of the technical product provided to the users before carrying out controls through measurement campaigns.

� Knowledge of the areas as well as the types of charges, where there are existing problems, allows addressing the resources to areas where there are not as many claims, thus optimizing the control process.

� Power Quality Engineers have developed an important role since he/she is responsible of watching after the quality of the product sold to the users.