power quality=clary-powerqualitybasics2 mod 033010

8/8/2019 POWER QUALITY=Clary-PowerQualityBasics2 MOD 033010

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Guaranteeing Quality PowerGuaranteeing Quality PowerFor Large NetworksFor Large NetworksGuaranteeing Quality PowerGuaranteeing Quality PowerFor Large NetworksFor Large Networks

Presented by:Presented by:

A Quarter Century of Continuous Power

www.clary.com


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1997 CLARY CORPORATION

Why Be Concerned With Power Quality?Why Be Concerned With Power Quality?Why Be Concerned With Power Quality?Why Be Concerned With Power Quality?

Protects The Integrity Of Your DataProtects The Integrity Of Your Data

Maximizes Equipment LifeMaximizes Equipment Life

Provides For Orderly System Shut Down.Provides For Orderly System Shut Down.

CLEAN POWER KEEPSYOUR SYSTEM RUNNING



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Power Quality ProblemsPower Quality ProblemsPower Quality ProblemsPower Quality Problems

SurgesSurges

SagsSags

BrownoutsBrownouts

BlackoutsBlackouts

Ground LoopsGround Loops

Noise TransientsNoise Transients

Harmonic Distortion.Harmonic Distortion.


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Poor Power Quality SymptomsPoor Power Quality SymptomsPoor Power Quality SymptomsPoor Power Quality Symptoms

Corrupted FilesCorrupted Files Intermittent LockupsIntermittent Lockups

Hardware Component FailureHardware Component Failure

Power Supply FailurePower Supply Failure

Complete System Shut Down.Complete System Shut Down.


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Sources of Power Line ProblemsSources of Power Line ProblemsSources of Power Line ProblemsSources of Power Line Problems

Weather InducedWeather Induced Utility CompanyUtility Company

Neighborhood InducedNeighborhood Induced

Internal CausesInternal Causes

I n t e r n a l

E n v i r o n m e n t a lU t i l i t y

N e i g h b o r


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Typical Office PowerTypical Office PowerTypical Office PowerTypical Office Power

Typical Office PowerTypical Office Power(Time Elapsed - About 20 minutes)(Time Elapsed - About 20 minutes)


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Power Protection StrategiesPower Protection StrategiesPower Protection StrategiesPower Protection Strategies

Transient Voltage Surge Suppression (TVSS)Transient Voltage Surge Suppression (TVSS)Surge SuppressorsSurge Suppressors

Grounding SystemsGrounding Systems

Power Conditioners & Voltage RegulatorsPower Conditioners & Voltage Regulators

Back-up GeneratorsBack-up Generators

Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS)Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS)

Continuous Power Systems (CPS).Continuous Power Systems (CPS).


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TVSS - TRANSIENTTVSS - TRANSIENTVOLTAGE SURGEVOLTAGE SURGE

SUPPRESSIONSUPPRESSION

TVSS - TRANSIENTTVSS - TRANSIENTVOLTAGE SURGEVOLTAGE SURGE

SUPPRESSIONSUPPRESSIONSurge SuppressorsSurge Suppressors


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TVSS - Transient Voltage SurgeTVSS - Transient Voltage SurgeSuppressionSuppression

TVSS - Transient Voltage SurgeTVSS - Transient Voltage SurgeSuppressionSuppression

TVSS ComponentsTVSS ComponentsAre Activated By AAre Activated By A

Rise In Line VoltageRise In Line Voltage


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TVSS ConceptTVSS ConceptTVSS ConceptTVSS Concept


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Inline Surge Suppressers Most CommonInline Surge Suppressers Most CommonInline Surge Suppressers Most CommonInline Surge Suppressers Most Common

Typical DepartmentTypical DepartmentStore SurgeStore Surge

SuppressersSuppressers


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Other Forms of TVSSOther Forms of TVSSOther Forms of TVSSOther Forms of TVSS

Installed At or Near Main PowerInstalled At or Near Main PowerPanelPanel

Embedded Into Equipment.Embedded Into Equipment.


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TVSS TECHNOLOGIESTVSS TECHNOLOGIESTVSS TECHNOLOGIESTVSS TECHNOLOGIES

Most Common /Most Common /Least EffectiveLeast Effective

MOVs -Metal OxideMOVs -Metal Oxide

VaristorsVaristors

(Degrade with use)(Degrade with use)

Less Common / MoreLess Common / MoreEffectiveEffective

Avalanche DiodesAvalanche Diodes

Gas Tube ArrestersGas Tube Arresters

Series Mode InductorsSeries Mode Inductors

(none of the above(none of the above

degrade with normaldegrade with normal

use)use)

Many new innovative systems are a combination of the abovetechnologies.


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TVSS and NetworksTVSS and NetworksTVSS and NetworksTVSS and Networks

Use Care When Equipment isUse Care When Equipment isInterconnected such as printers andInterconnected such as printers and

network componentsnetwork components

Some TVSS Devices Can ActuallySome TVSS Devices Can ActuallyIntroduce New Problems - GroundIntroduce New Problems - Ground

Contamination.Contamination.


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TVSS Mode 1TVSS Mode 1TVSS Mode 1TVSS Mode 1

Uses a single surge device betweenUses a single surge device between

hot and neutral. Protects againsthot and neutral. Protects against

normal mode disturbances.normal mode disturbances.


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TVSS Mode 2TVSS Mode 2TVSS Mode 2TVSS Mode 2

Mode 2 uses additional surgeMode 2 uses additional surgedevices to ground. Also protectsdevices to ground. Also protects

against common modeagainst common mode

disturbancesdisturbances


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TVSS Ground ContaminationTVSS Ground ContaminationTVSS Ground ContaminationTVSS Ground Contamination

Diverting a Surge to Ground Can BeDiverting a Surge to Ground Can BeDangerous for InterconnectedDangerous for Interconnected

Equipment!Equipment!

Contaminated GroundContaminated Ground


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U.S. Government TVSS ClassificationsU.S. Government TVSS ClassificationsU.S. Government TVSS ClassificationsU.S. Government TVSS Classifications


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TVSS SummaryTVSS SummaryTVSS SummaryTVSS Summary

Surge Suppressors are NOT PowerSurge Suppressors are NOT Power

ConditionersConditioners

Avoid cheap, unrated devicesAvoid cheap, unrated devices

Observe classificationsObserve classifications

Do not connect protected devices to un-Do not connect protected devices to un-protected devicesprotected devices

Do not connect protected devices to un-Do not connect protected devices to un-

protected networksprotected networks Replace degradable components.Replace degradable components.


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GROUNDINGGROUNDINGGROUNDINGGROUNDING


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GroundingGroundingGroundingGrounding

All Electrical Systems Must Have a GoodAll Electrical Systems Must Have a GoodGroundGround

Safety - Reduces Shock HazardsSafety - Reduces Shock Hazards

Equipment ProtectionEquipment Protection

System Ground Generally Provided BySystem Ground Generally Provided By

Electrical Contractor.Electrical Contractor.


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Grounding in a Typical BuildingGrounding in a Typical BuildingGrounding in a Typical BuildingGrounding in a Typical Building

Grounding is generally done at mainGrounding is generally done at mainelectrical service entranceelectrical service entrance


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Methods of GroundingMethods of GroundingMethods of GroundingMethods of Grounding

Pipes or Plumbing in the EarthPipes or Plumbing in the Earth Special Electrodes in the EarthSpecial Electrodes in the Earth

Method Varies with Size of ElectricalMethod Varies with Size of Electrical

Service and Soil CompositionService and Soil Composition Only 1 Neutral-Ground BondOnly 1 Neutral-Ground Bond

Allowed in a System After EachAllowed in a System After Each

Transformer.Transformer.


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Neutral-Ground BondNeutral-Ground BondNeutral-Ground BondNeutral-Ground Bond

Connection between neutral and groundConnection between neutral and ground


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Summary On GroundingSummary On GroundingSummary On GroundingSummary On Grounding

Good Grounding is Important -Good Grounding is Important -Particularly With InterconnectedParticularly With Interconnected

EquipmentEquipment

Have a Qualified ElectricalHave a Qualified ElectricalContractor Check Your BuildingsContractor Check Your Buildings

Ground if You Suspect a Problem.Ground if You Suspect a Problem.


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POWER CONDITIONERSPOWER CONDITIONERSPOWER CONDITIONERSPOWER CONDITIONERS


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Power ConditionersPower ConditionersPower ConditionersPower Conditioners

Controls Many Forms of Noise &Controls Many Forms of Noise &InterferenceInterference

Can Provide Isolation From Utility LineCan Provide Isolation From Utility Line

Provides Some Voltage RegulationProvides Some Voltage Regulation Relatively CheapRelatively Cheap

Generally Passive.Generally Passive.


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Disadvantages of Power ConditioningDisadvantages of Power ConditioningDisadvantages of Power ConditioningDisadvantages of Power Conditioning

Does Not Replace EmergencyDoes Not Replace EmergencyGenerator or UPSGenerator or UPS

Large / BulkyLarge / Bulky

Still Requires Good TVSS System.Still Requires Good TVSS System.


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Power Conditioning EquipmentPower Conditioning EquipmentPower Conditioning EquipmentPower Conditioning Equipment

Tap Switching AutotransformersTap Switching Autotransformers Isolation TransformersIsolation Transformers

Electronic Voltage RegulatorsElectronic Voltage Regulators

Motor Generators.Motor Generators.


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Tap Switching AutotransformersTap Switching AutotransformersTap Switching AutotransformersTap Switching Autotransformers

Provides Some Form of VoltageProvides Some Form of VoltageRegulationRegulation

Boost Low Voltage by Switching TapsBoost Low Voltage by Switching Taps

Cheaper Then Isolation TransformersCheaper Then Isolation Transformers

Do Not Isolate From Utility.Do Not Isolate From Utility.


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Isolation TransformersIsolation TransformersIsolation TransformersIsolation Transformers

Advantages:Advantages:

Isolates Load FromIsolates Load From

All Other CircuitsAll Other Circuits

Recreates Neutral-Recreates Neutral-

Ground BondGround Bond

Rejects CommonRejects Common

Mode Noise OnMode Noise On

LineLine

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:

LargeLarge

HeavyHeavy

Little RegulationLittle Regulation


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Ferroresonant TransformersFerroresonant TransformersFerroresonant TransformersFerroresonant Transformers

All of the advantages of IsolationAll of the advantages of IsolationTransformersTransformers

Much better at voltage regulationMuch better at voltage regulation

Inefficient, hot & noisy.Inefficient, hot & noisy.


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Motor-Generator SetMotor-Generator SetMotor-Generator SetMotor-Generator Set

Advantages:Advantages:

High Quality Sine WaveHigh Quality Sine Wave

IsolatedIsolated

Good Ride-ThroughGood Ride-Through

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:MechanicalMechanical

Large, Heavy,Large, Heavy,

NoisyNoisyCost Effective forCost Effective for

Larger LoadsLarger Loads

OnlyOnly

M O T O R

A C I N A C O U T

G E N E R A T O R


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UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWERUNINTERRUPTIBLE POWERSYSTEMSSYSTEMS

UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWERUNINTERRUPTIBLE POWERSYSTEMSSYSTEMS


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UPS - Uninterruptible PowerUPS - Uninterruptible PowerSystemsSystemsUPS - Uninterruptible PowerUPS - Uninterruptible PowerSystemsSystems

Provide AC Power Generated FromProvide AC Power Generated FromEnergy Stored in BatteriesEnergy Stored in Batteries

Most UPSs Include Varying Levels ofMost UPSs Include Varying Levels of

TVSSTVSS Some Provide Full Isolation From UtilitySome Provide Full Isolation From Utility

Many Allow Graceful Shutdown ofMany Allow Graceful Shutdown of

Computer Systems.Computer Systems.


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Concept of UPSsConcept of UPSsConcept of UPSsConcept of UPSs

Energy is Stored as DC in BatteriesEnergy is Stored as DC in Batteries Inverter Converts DC Back Into AC.Inverter Converts DC Back Into AC.


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Grades Of UPSsGrades Of UPSsGrades Of UPSsGrades Of UPSs

Small Office / Desktop (Department Store)Small Office / Desktop (Department Store) Mission Critical (Servers, Workstations)Mission Critical (Servers, Workstations)

Scientific/Medical (Lab Equipment)Scientific/Medical (Lab Equipment)

Industrial/Ruggedized (Process Control)Industrial/Ruggedized (Process Control)

Military (Data & Communications).Military (Data & Communications).


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Power Ratings of UPSsPower Ratings of UPSsPower Ratings of UPSsPower Ratings of UPSs

Power handling capacity stated inPower handling capacity stated inVA (Volt/Amps)VA (Volt/Amps)

VA not exactly the same as WattsVA not exactly the same as Watts

Ratio between VA and Watts is calledRatio between VA and Watts is calledthe Power Factorthe Power Factor

Better UPSs include Power FactorBetter UPSs include Power Factor

Correction.Correction.


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UPS Basics - Off LineUPS Basics - Off LineUPS Basics - Off LineUPS Basics - Off Line

2 Basic UPS design topologies:2 Basic UPS design topologies:1. Off Line (Line Interactive, Standby)1. Off Line (Line Interactive, Standby)

Single ConversionSingle Conversion


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UPS Basics - True On LineUPS Basics - True On LineUPS Basics - True On LineUPS Basics - True On Line

2 Basic UPS design topologies:2 Basic UPS design topologies:2. TRUE ON-LINE - Double Conversion2. TRUE ON-LINE - Double Conversion


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Line-Interactive or Single ConversionLine-Interactive or Single ConversionUPSUPSLine-Interactive or Single ConversionLine-Interactive or Single ConversionUPSUPS

Quiet and InexpensiveQuiet and Inexpensive Inverter is off-line - Passes AC Line DirectlyInverter is off-line - Passes AC Line Directly

Through to Load During Normal OperationThrough to Load During Normal Operation

Inverter powers load only when there is aInverter powers load only when there is adisturbance on input AC supplydisturbance on input AC supply

Cannot Offer Power Factor Correction.Cannot Offer Power Factor Correction.


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Off Line DiagramOff Line DiagramOff Line DiagramOff Line Diagram

Off Line system runs on utility power untilOff Line system runs on utility power untilinverter is neededinverter is needed

No Power Factor CorrectionNo Power Factor Correction Can provide some voltage boostCan provide some voltage boost

Output is usually a step wave.Output is usually a step wave.


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Step Wave UPS - ProblemsStep Wave UPS - ProblemsStep Wave UPS - ProblemsStep Wave UPS - Problems

Never Connect a Surge Suppresser Downstream of aNever Connect a Surge Suppresser Downstream of a

Step-Wave UPSStep-Wave UPS

This can cause premature aging of TVSS devices.This can cause premature aging of TVSS devices.


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True On-Line / Double Conversion UPSTrue On-Line / Double Conversion UPSTrue On-Line / Double Conversion UPSTrue On-Line / Double Conversion UPS

Critical load powered by inverter at all timesCritical load powered by inverter at all times

Load protected from variations at all timesLoad protected from variations at all times

Boosts low voltage w/o discharging batteryBoosts low voltage w/o discharging battery

Better systems have Power Factor CorrectionBetter systems have Power Factor Correction

Better systems produce clean sine wave outputBetter systems produce clean sine wave output Battery conservation and management are optimized.Battery conservation and management are optimized.


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True On Line DiagramTrue On Line DiagramTrue On Line DiagramTrue On Line Diagram

Inverter Powers Load ContinuouslyInverter Powers Load Continuously


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Input Voltage vs. Output VoltageInput Voltage vs. Output VoltageInput Voltage vs. Output VoltageInput Voltage vs. Output Voltage

True On-Line Systems AlwaysTrue On-Line Systems Always

Regenerate PowerRegenerate Power

OFF-LINE TRUE ON-LINE


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Power Ratings of UPSsPower Ratings of UPSsPower Ratings of UPSsPower Ratings of UPSs

UPSs are rated by VA (not Watts)UPSs are rated by VA (not Watts)Typical Desktop PC - 200VATypical Desktop PC - 200VA

Small Server - 200VA to 800VASmall Server - 200VA to 800VA

Large Servers 800VA to 2KVA.Large Servers 800VA to 2KVA. Power rating must be equal to orPower rating must be equal to or

larger than the load (cheaper systemslarger than the load (cheaper systems

should have an even greater margin)should have an even greater margin)


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Power Factor Correction (PFC)Power Factor Correction (PFC)Power Factor Correction (PFC)Power Factor Correction (PFC)

Power Factor is the ratio of Watts to Volt-Amps(VA)Power Factor is the ratio of Watts to Volt-Amps(VA)

Watts = True energy NEEDED by loadWatts = True energy NEEDED by load

VA = Energy ABSORBED by loadVA = Energy ABSORBED by load

Off Line UPSs incapable of PF Correction - Only TrueOff Line UPSs incapable of PF Correction - Only True

On-Line UPSs Provide PFC.On-Line UPSs Provide PFC.


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Power Factor in ComputersPower Factor in ComputersPower Factor in ComputersPower Factor in Computers

Computer power supplies distort powerComputer power supplies distort power


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Good and Bad Power FactorGood and Bad Power FactorGood and Bad Power FactorGood and Bad Power Factor


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Why is PFC Important?Why is PFC Important?Why is PFC Important?Why is PFC Important?

Computer Power Supplies Distort Input ACComputer Power Supplies Distort Input AC Poor PF Can Cause Certain Wiring in OlderPoor PF Can Cause Certain Wiring in Older

Buildings to Overheat.Buildings to Overheat.

Higher Electricity Bills - Utilities Charge forHigher Electricity Bills - Utilities Charge for

VA, Not Watts!VA, Not Watts! Interaction With Other EquipmentInteraction With Other Equipment

PFC Now a Requirement in Europe and willPFC Now a Requirement in Europe and will

soon be in USA.soon be in USA.


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CONTINUOUS POWERCONTINUOUS POWERSYSTEMSSYSTEMS

CONTINUOUS POWERCONTINUOUS POWERSYSTEMSSYSTEMS

Next Generation Of UninterruptibleNext Generation Of Uninterruptible

Power SystemsPower Systems

N t tiN t tiN t tiN t ti


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Next-generation:Next-generation:On-Line Triple Conversion UPSOn-Line Triple Conversion UPSNext-generation:Next-generation:On-Line Triple Conversion UPSOn-Line Triple Conversion UPS

All digital - digitally recreated sine waveAll digital - digitally recreated sine waveThird step of DC to DC conversionThird step of DC to DC conversion

for extended voltage regulationfor extended voltage regulation

Better Power Factor CorrectionBetter Power Factor Correction

High Frequency IsolationHigh Frequency Isolationno bulky transformersno bulky transformers

Higher efficiency - less heat, less coolingHigher efficiency - less heat, less cooling

Greater connectivityGreater connectivity

Better battery management.Better battery management.


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SOFTWARE / CONNECTIVITYSOFTWARE / CONNECTIVITYSOFTWARE / CONNECTIVITYSOFTWARE / CONNECTIVITY

Why Monitor Your PowerWhy Monitor Your PowerWhy Monitor Your PowerWhy Monitor Your Power


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Why Monitor Your PowerWhy Monitor Your PowerSystem?System?Why Monitor Your PowerWhy Monitor Your PowerSystem?System?

Use as Problem Analysis and SolvingUse as Problem Analysis and SolvingToolTool

Shutdown Software Safely ClosesShutdown Software Safely Closes

Files and ApplicationsFiles and Applications

Remote Management SavesRemote Management Saves

Administration Costs.Administration Costs.


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Network Monitoring CapabilitiesNetwork Monitoring CapabilitiesNetwork Monitoring CapabilitiesNetwork Monitoring Capabilities

Set alarms for problem conditionsSet alarms for problem conditions Remote alarm notificationRemote alarm notification

Local and remote system shutdownLocal and remote system shutdown

Remote rebooting and load controlRemote rebooting and load control

Instantaneous power status -Instantaneous power status -

input/output voltage and powerinput/output voltage and power

Record power and event histories.Record power and event histories.

Power System Monitoring &Power System Monitoring &Power System Monitoring &Power System Monitoring &


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Power System Monitoring &Power System Monitoring &ControlControlPower System Monitoring &Power System Monitoring &ControlControl

2 ways to connect:2 ways to connect:Direct local connection (serialDirect local connection (serial

cable)cable)

Network connection (SNMP)Network connection (SNMP)


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Direct UPS ConnectivityDirect UPS ConnectivityDirect UPS ConnectivityDirect UPS Connectivity

UPS Connects Directly toUPS Connects Directly toWorkstation via Serial CableWorkstation via Serial Cable


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Network ConnectivityNetwork ConnectivityNetwork ConnectivityNetwork Connectivity

SNMP Connectivity on NetworksSNMP Connectivity on Networks

Monitoring Over a Network UsingMonitoring Over a Network UsingMonitoring Over a Network UsingMonitoring Over a Network Using


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Monitoring Over a Network UsingMonitoring Over a Network UsingSNMPSNMPMonitoring Over a Network UsingMonitoring Over a Network UsingSNMPSNMP


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POWER PROTECTION SUMMARYPOWER PROTECTION SUMMARYPOWER PROTECTION SUMMARYPOWER PROTECTION SUMMARY

Transient Voltage Surge SuppressionTransient Voltage Surge Suppression(TVSS)(TVSS)

Surge SuppressorsSurge Suppressors

Grounding SystemsGrounding Systems

Power Conditioners & Voltage RegulatorsPower Conditioners & Voltage Regulators

Back-up GeneratorsBack-up Generators

Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS)Uninterruptible Power Systems (UPS)

Continuous Power Systems (CPS).Continuous Power Systems (CPS).

WHY BE CONCERNED WITH POWERWHY BE CONCERNED WITH POWERWHY BE CONCERNED WITH POWERWHY BE CONCERNED WITH POWER


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WHY BE CONCERNED WITH POWERWHY BE CONCERNED WITH POWERQUALITY?QUALITY?

WHY BE CONCERNED WITH POWERWHY BE CONCERNED WITH POWERQUALITY?QUALITY?




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Thank YouThank YouThank YouThank You

When it absolutely, positively has to keep running!When it absolutely, positively has to keep running!

www.clary.comwww.clary.com

power quality=clary-powerqualitybasics2 mod 033010

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