POWERSAGILA A/P RATA KARUSAN (4151005441)KOGENTHINI A/P BALASUBRAMANIAM (4151005511)MOHAMAD FAEZ BIN HUSSIN (4151000651)MUHAMMAD FAKHRUL SALIHIN BIN MOHD DAUD (4151006912)HANIS SYAFIQAH BINTI BASIRAN (4144009431)

INTRODUCTION

Power ability to influence the behavior of people Legitimate by social structure. Power can be seen evil and unjust. Power steams two general groupings ,namely formal @position-based

power and personal @personal –based power.

FORMAL POWER

Indivudual’s position in an organization. With the power,he/she is able to get things done. Four categories-coercieve power,reward power,legitimate power and

informayion power.

PERSONAL POWER

Person exercises power derived from their unique individual characteristics.

Two categories-expert power and referent power.

REFERENT POWER

Ability of a leader to influence a follower. The follower’s loyalty,respect,friendship,admiration,affection or desire

to gain approval. Leader’s strong interpersonal relationship skills and the charisma

which the leader have. Leader leads by examples and relies heavily on trust.

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF REFERENT POWER

ADVANTAGES the shared personal connection or shared belief between the

influencing agent. Target with the intention of positively correlated actions of the target.

DISADVANTAGES produces actions in opposition to the intent of the influencing agent. This is the result from the agent’s creation of cognitive dissonance

between the referent influencing agent and the target’s perception of that influence.

EXPERT POWER

Person who obtains special skills,knowledge @ an expert in certain areas.

Having special skills,knowledge and expertise allows him/her to be in control.

Expert power in a positive form influences the target to act accordingly as instructed by the expert, based on the assumption of the expert’s correct knowledge.

Expert power in a negative form can result from a person acting in opposition to the experts instructions if the target feels that the expert has personal gain motives.

EXPERT POWER IN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Leaders who possess valuable expertise and information have expert power with respect to their followers who need this information to perform their task.

For example, in a prayer congregation, a person may be chosen to lead the prayers because of his knowledge of Islam. There is no clergy in Islam.

REWARD POWER

Reward power is simply the power of a manager to give some type of reward to an employee as a means to influence the employee to act.

CONCEPT Rewards can be tangible or intangible. The key distinction between a tangible

reward and an intangible reward is that tangible rewards are physical things, while intangible rewards are not. Examples of tangible rewards include monetary awards, wage or salary increases, bonuses, plaques, certificates, and gifts.

Intangible rewards can also be effective. Examples of intangible rewards include praise, positive feedback, recognition, and more responsibility indicating a rise in status, and even a well-timed 'thank-you.' An obvious advantage to intangible rewards is that they can be as effective as tangible rewards and cost relatively nothing.

FUNCTION

The implementation of reward power is to motivate employees who excel and make it as a model for others.

Among the most common form of remuneration is implemented in organizations such as bonuses, salary and holiday gifts, or other forms of recognition, such as promotions, awards, head of the department activities and so on.

ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGES employees develop positive feelings about the organization, as their morale is enhanced. enhancing their competence level and leading the organization towards efficiency and

effectiveness.

DISADVANTAGES Employees may be tempted to engage in unethical or illegal behavior to meet the criteria

to earn the reward. may also create competition between employees that is counter-productive, hurting

teamwork and group productivity.*In objectives of maqasid of shariah (Al-Jasad) that have truth tell that have to protect physical existence.For example organization give medical panel or insurance to our employee.

COERCIVE POWER

Ability to influence someone's decision making by taking something away as punishment or threatening punishment if the person does not follow instructions.

It can be a severe way to get staff members to follow along with a company plan, but it can be necessary in some cases.

There are advantages to holding coercive power over your employees

COERCIVE POWER IN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE

Islam recognizes the legitimacy of coercive power, but suggests that it should not be used to coerce followers towards evil.

In fact, the Prophet Muhammad once said that: "Obedience (to the leader) is required only in what is good." (Al-Bukhari)

Placing emphasis on the role of the leader as servant, Omar was quoted as saying to the people: “I have appointed over you governors and agents not to beat your bodies or take your monies, but rather to teach you and serve you.”

ADVANTAGES

Insubordination Implementing Change Harassment Growth

Advantages of Coercive Power

threatening employee demotions or termination for staff members who do

not conform to change can be a significant advantage for the company

employment termination and a potential civil lawsuit in retaliation for sexual

harassment helps the company enforce harassment policies and create a

productive workplace

you should limit using it to only severe cases of insubordination

Growth can motivate employees to stay within company policies and guidelines that

can make the process of growth easier to manage by making sure that all new

and current employees are following company rules

Harassment

Implementing

Change

Insurbordination

LEGITIMATE POWER

Combination of both coercive and reward power. Legitimate Power is One’s structural position. The power a person receives as a result of his or her position in the

formal hierarchy of an organization, such as being the boss or a key member of a leadership team.

This power comes when employees in the organization recognize the authority of the individual

The concept of power and authority in Islam has involved over countries. The involution has been generally regressive. Despite current revivalism, the acceptance of relatively original Islamic liberal perspective faces serious social and political barrier.

To create and maintain an ethical work climate, leaders may use their power to design the following structures:

1. Hiring strategies to recruit others who reflect and are aligned with organizational values.

2. Orientation sessions to convey values of the firm. 3. Mentoring programs to expose new hires to employees who reflect

values of the organization. 4. Training opportunities to reinforce basic values. Frequent rein-

forcement of organizational values by the leader is important: “Articulate them at every opportunity, from all-staff meetings to culture-specific training sessions

5. Ethical codes of conduct to clarify what is right and wrong in a particular organization.

6 .Whistle blower protection for those employees who may want to report unethical practices.

CONCLUSION

The great power of Muhammad's teachings enabled the creative but fragmented Arab tribes to unify and expand across three continents in an astoundingly brief period.

Islam remains a powerful force in the world today. Its believers encompass the most highly educated scholars and unscholared peasants.

“The day the power of love overrules the love of power, the world will know peace.”

― Mahatma Gandhi

THANK YOU!!!