By: Harshit Garg

POWER SECTOR IN INDIA

• The Indian Power Industry before independence was controlled firmly by the British.

• In 1947, the country had a power generating capacity of 1,362 MW.

• Electricity Supply Act of 1948- establishment of CEA (Central Electricity Authority)and SEB’s(State Electricity Boards)• SEB’s became the autonomous agencies for supplying

power throughout India.• CEA was essentially advisory rather than executive.

• The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956- generation and distribution of electricity almost exclusively for the states

• Amendment in 1976 –establishment of NTPC Ltd, NHPC, NEEPCO, Mysore (now Karnataka) Power Corporation etc.

HISTORY OF POWER SECTOR IN INDIA

• Until 1991, power sector in the states was managed by one large entity that generated, transmitted and distributed power, under the respective State Ministries of Power.

• Liberalisation of 1991-privatization of Orissa power utility.

• The paradigm shift-Electricity act, 2003• SEBs will no longer exist in the existing form.• mandates licensee-free thermal generation.• non-discriminatory open access of the transmission

system.• gradual implementation of open access in the

distribution system .

HISTORY OF POWER SECTOR IN INDIA

The first demonstration of electric light in Calcutta was conducted on 24 July 1879 by P W Fleury & Co.

Mumbai saw electric lighting demonstration for the first time in 1882 at Crawford Market.

The first hydroelectric installation in India was installed near a tea estate at Sidrapong for the Darjeeling Municipality in 1897.

The first electric train ran between Bombay's Victoria Terminus and Kurla along the Harbour Line, in 1925.

• 5th largest producer

• Fourth largest consumer of electricity after USA, China and Russia. This accounts for 3.4 per cent of the global energy consumption

• Still, 33% of rural and 6% of urban India is out of access to electricity

• Transmission network & Capacity• 98,367 circuit Km’s of transmission lines at 800/765kV,

400kV, 220kV and 132kV and +500kV levels • 160 sub-stations• Transformation capacity is about 1,57,158 MVA as on

January 31, 2013• As per the current stats, the International Energy Agency

estimates India needs an investment of at least $135 billion to provide universal access of electricity to its population.

Current Status

57.3

8.96

0.600000000000001

3.1

19.8

10.24India’s Installed Generation Capacity

225.13 GW as on May 31, 2013.

Coal

Gas

DSLs

Nuclear fuel

Hydro

Renewable Energy Sources

Demand and Supply

•Growth in energy demand has consistently outpaced growth in supply

Demand vs. Availability

Transmission System – 4% losses

Unavoidable Distribution Losses - 15%

Pilferage -35% losses29 units

Billed to consumer – 53 units

Energy usefully consumed – 42 units (max.)

100 units

96 units

82 units

Generating Station

20% loss

Power Generated – How does it flow? Where does it go?

•Shortage of coal and gas•Skilled manpower for construction and

commissioning of projects.•Land acquisition and Rehabilitation.•Environmental and Forest Concerns.•Inter-state and Contractual issues•Geological Surprises•Pilferage

Problems

•Accelerate captive mine development•Use of renewable sources.•Strengthen governance to drive

implementation.•Building infrastructure.•Improve monitoring mechanisms.

Possible Solutions

Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)

•Aims at…▫Electrifying all villages and habitations.▫Providing access to electricity to all rural households.▫Giving Electricity Connection to Below Poverty Line (BPL) families free of charge.

•Main Features ▫All ongoing schemes merged in “Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana” (RGGVY)▫90% grant and 10% loan▫Electrification as per new definition

Rural Electrification

NPSU:- NTPC, PGCIL, NHPCL, DVCState electricity boardState government power department.Co-operative society and NGO’s

Implementing Agencies

Projects No. of Projects

Un-electrified Villages

Intensive Electrification

of Villages

BPL HH covered

Outlay in Rs. Cr.

(Sanctioned cost)

Approved under 10th Plan

235 68763 111936 83.10 Lakh

9733

Approved under 11th Plan

338 49736 243031 163.35 Lakh

16620

Total 573 118499 354967 246.45 Lakh

26353

Project Outlay and Coverage (All India)

Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidhyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY)

THE COAL SCAMA STUDY!!

THE SCAM WHAT IT IS!

ESTIMATE

COMPARISON OF SCALE

THE PROCE

SSTHE

PEOPLE RESPONSI

BLE

THE GAINE

RS

COAL-GATE• 1.87 lakh Crore Rupees

• Biggest scam in India by now• Report authenticated by

Comptroller and Auditor General of India

WHAT IT

IS!

What is the coal scam? A question many of you would have.

Simply put it is a corruption scandal where-in the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) office has accused the Government of India for providing the nation's coal deposits to private and state-run entities in an irregular and arbitrary manner instead of publicly auctioning them off to the highest bidder (as is usually done for such entities), resulting in a loss of approximately 186,000 crore (US$33.67 billion) to the exchequer during the period 2004-2009.

T o g e t a n i d e a o f i t s s c a l e l e t ’ s s e e w h a t

th is money c o u l d h a v e b o u g h t

334 milliontonnes of Rice

74 cities In India can have Metro Systems as big as the Delhi Metro

3 billionYearly doses of HIV drugs

21 yearsOf basic access to drinking water for everyone in the world who is currently without it

11 mannedtrips to the moon

Politics of Nuclear Power in IndiaEver heard of Wind or Solar Scientist Post?

• Current energy policies are designed to benefit foreign MNC’s like General electrics, Westing house etc.

• Profit for MNC’s who will provide reactor design (Investment at Jaitpur plant is 1 lakh crore)

• Commission for Indian Politicians, Intellectuals, Scientists etc.

• Very less scope of investment in renewable energy• MNC’s of Nuclear power sector are too strong to let

the Renewable energy sector grow.

Why is Nuclear Power Promoted in India

Highly dependent on coal and natural gases

Solar energy in not utilised

Indian Power Sector

• SOLAR ENERGY – Solar radiation across 85% Country can be termed as good to excellent and hence majority of Country is ideal for use of Solar Energy. Growth in solar power by approximately 56 mw in 2011 to around 1060 mw of solar power in 2012.

• WIND ENERGY - Fastest growing renewable energy source. Globally it grew at a rate of 27% per annum in last 10 years. Presently india is ranked 4th in terms of wind energy installed capacity..

• BIOMASS - crop residues, woods , and mustard oil are the major contributors to biomass energy. About 2% of power in india is generated by these resources.

• TIDAL ENERGY- The tides are perfectly predictable, regular, and the India contains miles of coastline for energy exploitation.

Renewable Power Sources

Flying Wind Farms • kite-like airborne turbines spinning at

high altitudes sending power down via nano-tube cables to generate power

•Wind has more power and velocity and is

more consistently predictable. It generates about 8 – 27 times the power produced at ground level.

Future of Energy Technology

Solar Wind Energy •The satellite launched to tap solar wind

power, instead of working like a wind mill, where a blade attached to the turbine is physically rotated to generate electricity, would use charged copper wire for capturing electrons zooming away from the sun at several hundred kilometres per second.

•Solar wind power will generate the amount of power that no one including the scientists working to find new means of generating power ever expected.

Future of Energy Technology

•Pilferage (Power theft) in India is responsible for the disappearance of 29% of electricity generated.

•In energy terms this amounts to 613.87 million units/day.

Pilferage

Thank You !