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POWER TO ARREST AND ITS LEGAL CONSEQUENCES By: Atty. Ria Faith N. Bisahan POLAR HILLS Security Agency 2/F, Sta. Ana Building, Fortich St. Malaybalay City, Bukidnon

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POWER TO ARREST AND ITS LEGAL CONSEQUENCESBy: Atty. Ria Faith N. BisahanPOLAR HILLS Security Agency2/F, Sta. Ana Building, Fortich St.Malaybalay City, BukidnonObjectivesSecurityGuardsmaybecalled upontoexerciseavarietyoflegal powers of arrest and detention. Thissessionwillreviewthe sourcesandextentofpowersof arrest and detention, and the legal confnes withinwhichthey may be exercised. Thepotentiallegalconsequences ofwrongfulexerciseofsuch powers will also be covered.POWERS OF ARRESTAuthoritytoarrestisdi!erent"or di!erent #eo#le. For e$a%#le, the authoritya#oliceo&cer #ossessesto%akeanarrestis verydi!erent"ro%theauthority aSecurity'uardhasto%akean arrest. (his lecture )ill atte%#t to clari"ytheauthorityo"aSecurity 'uard.DEFINITION OF ARRESTA**+S(,,isde-nedasthe taking o" a #erson into custody so that he can ans)er"or the co%%ission o" an o!ense.(here%ustbealegalbasis"or anrest.Basically,arrest shouldbee!ected)itha )arrant o" arrest.WARRANT OF ARRESTA)arranto"arrestisanorderin )riting issued in the na%e o" the .eo#leo"the.hili##ines,signed bythe/udgeorano&cer authori0ed by la) and directed to a#eaceo&cerco%%andinghi% toarresta#ersondesignated and bring hi% be"ore the /udge.Means o" Arrest12 By actual restraint o" the #erson to be arrested322 By sub%ission to the custody o" the #erson %aking the arrest. 4*ule 115, Sec. 2, #ar. 16A##licationo"actual"orce,%anual touching o" the body, #hysical restraint ora"or%aldeclarationo"arrestisnot re7uired.8tisenoughthattherebean intentonthe#arto"oneo"the#arties to arrest the other and an intent on the #arto"theothertosub%it,underthe belie"andi%#ressionthatsub%ission isnecessary.4Sanche0v.9e%etriou :1;;526WHENCANASECURITY GUARDEFFECTANARREST WITHOUTAWARRANTOF ARREST?Arrestisdoneunder)hatis kno)n as ?S A**+S(@ oralsoco%%onlykno)nas (B+SSA**+S(Sby #rivate [email protected](8=+>?S A**+S( +M.OA+*S C8C8B8A>S (O A**+S( C*8M8>ABS BD (E+MS+BC+SBasically,acitizen'sarrestismadewhenaprivatecitizen arrestsanotherpersonwhohascommittedoris committing, or about to commit a crime. This is done even withoutanarrestwarrant.Theapprehendedperson'sare then turned-over to the police who will then turn them over to the police.CitizensArrestcanbemadeifthecriminaliscaught 'nflagrante!elicto'orintheactualcommissionofthe crime, or in hot pursuit of a prisoner who escaped.Section1.TerritorialPower-Asecurity guardshallwatchandsecurepropertyof theperson,thefirm,orestablishmentwith whomheorhisagencyhascontractfor securityservices."uchservicesshallnot, however,e#tendbeyondthepropertyor compoundofthesaidperson,formor establishment e#cept when re$uired by the latterinaccordancewiththetermsoftheir contracttoescort,orinhotprsito! cri"inal o!!en#er. Section$.Arrest%&thesecrit&'ar#%a securityguardorprivatedetectiveisnottherefore clothed with police authority but he may arrest under any of the following circumstances&'. (hen in his presence, the person to be arrested has committed)isactuallycommittingorattemptingto commit an offense *n +lagrante delicto,)-. (henanoffensehas.ustbeencommittedandhe hasprobablecausetobelievebasedonpersonal /nowledgeoffactsandcircumstancesthatthe person to be arrested has committed *0ot 1ursuit,.2. (henthepersontobearrestedisaprisonerwho hasescapedfromapenalestablishmentorplace whereheisservingfinal.udgementortemporarily confinedwhilehiscaseispendingorhasescaped whilebeingtransferredfromoneconfinementto another.8> FBA'*A>(+ 9+B8C(OBiterally,caughtintheacto" co%%itting a cri%e. Ahen the #ersontobearrestedhas co%%itted,isactually co%%itting or is atte%#ting to co%%itano!enseinthe #resenceo"the#eaceo&cer or #rivate #erson )ho arrested hi%. 4*ule 115, Sec. F:a268> FBA'*A>(+ 9+B8C(OBAAFGB A**+S(Elements1. Offender arrests or detains another person;2. The purpose of the offender is to deliver him to the proper authorities;3. The arrest or detention is not authorized by law or there is no reasonable ground therefor.I!O"T#$T !OI$T% TO "EE&E" #&O'T T(I% #"TI)*E+ ,enerally-this.rimeis.ommittedby in.riminatinginno.entpersonsbythe offender/splantingeviden.eto0ustifythe arrest1a.omple2.rimeresults-thatis- unlawfularrestthroughin.riminatory ma.hinations under #rti.le 333.MIf thearrest is madewithout a warrant and under.ir.umstan.esnotallowinga warrantlessarrest-the.rimewouldbe unlawful arrest.CO>S+NG+>C+S OF A> 8BB+'AB A**+S(12(hedocu%ents/things/articlessei0ed "ollo)ing theillegal arrestarenotad%issibleinevidence.(heyare considered "ruits o" the #oisonous tree.22 (he arresting #erson/o&cer %ay be held cri%inally liable "or illegal arrest.a2 Gnla)"ul arrest3 4Art. 2H;, *.C6b2 Arbitrary detention. 4Art. 12O, *.C652(hearrestingo&cer%aybeheldcivillyliable"or da%ages. 4Art. 52, CC6O2 Ad%inistrative charges "or disci#linary actionF2(he"actthatthearrest)asillegaldoesnotrenderthe subse7uent #roceedings void and de#rive the State o" its right to convict )hen all the "acts #oint to the cul#ability o" the accused.Section-.SearchWithotWarrant%Any security guard, may incite the arrest, search the person so arrested in the presence of at least - witnesses.0emayalsosearchemployeesof theperson,firmor establishmentwithwhichhe orhisagencyhasacontractofprivate detective,watchmanorsecurityservicewhen such search is re$uired by the very nature of the business of the person, firm or establishment."o,itisvitalthatyoudonotdetainthe suspectyourselvesandthatyoucarry theburdenofprotectingthesuspect's life while under your custody. ?therwise, youwillbeindeeptroublewiththelaw itself.Bytheway,theuseofunlicensedfirearm doesnotauthorizethearrestingcivilian touseit.Causingunnecessaryharm, painorin.urytothesuspectshallbea case of '"erious 1hysical n.ury' that the suspectcanbringagainstthearresting citizen or citizens later on.Also,asuspectisdeemed33?C@3T A3TB14?C@36ABTDbya$ualified court.Anyonecannotsimplyharm physicallyorevenputthesuspect's dignity in bad shape. ThelawagainstBibelandeventheAnti-CybercrimeActprotectstherightand dignity of every individual. (ith this, you needtoputyourselfinasafeposition whenyouremotionorenthusiasmis teasingyoutobroadcastanddestroy one'sreputationviathemassmediaor nternet, even while the case against the suspect is still being heard.(henenforcingtheCitizen'sArrest,stic/ totherightgoal,whichistosimply preempt a crime or contain a crime, and not letting yourself be caught in the trap.Citizen'sArrestcanindeedhelpalotin preventingcrimes.(esimplyneedto /now the rules on how to safely enforce it and adhere to those rules so as not to turnthetideagainstyouandbe burdenedwithacriminalcasethatis filed against you instead.Than, &o !or &or ti"e))).)1-)11


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