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POWERHOUSE MUSEUM ARCHIVES GUIDE TO THE ARCHIVES OF LAWRENCE HARGRAVE HELEN YOXALL 1994

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Page 1: POWERHOUSE MUSEUM ARCHIVES GUIDE TO THE ...images.powerhousemuseum.com/images/pdfs/322995.pdfAmerica. (The Technological Museum - now Powerhouse Museum - had acquired some earlier

P OW E R HOUS E M US EU M A R CH I V E S

GU I DE T O T H E A R CH I V E S OF

LAWRENCE HARGRAVE

H E L E N YOX A L L

1994

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CONTENTS Biographical Note 3 Provenance Note 6 Series List 7 Series Descriptions and Item Lists 8

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COLLECTED ARCHIVES BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

94/23/1

Hargrave, Lawrence

Registration Number:

Creator:

Lawrence Hargrave (1850-1915) was born at Greenwich, England on 29 January 1850, the second son of

John Fletcher Hargrave, a barrister, and his wife Ann. In 1856 J.F.Hargrave, his brother Edward and

his eldest son Ralph emigrated to Australia. Mrs Hargrave moved with the three younger children,

Lawrence, Alice and Gilbert to Keston, Kent. Lawrence attended Queen Elizabeth's School at Kirkby

Lonsdale, Westmoreland.

In 1865 Hargrave sailed for Australia and joined his father (now a judge in the NSW Supreme Court) at

Rushcutters Bay House. A tutor was employed to prepare Lawrence for university entrance and a

career in law. In 1866 he made a six month voyage with Abraham Hamilton Thomson in the clipper

barque Ellesmere to the Albert River, Gulf of Carpentaria, circumnavigating Australia before returning

home.

Failing his matriculation, Hargrave was apprenticed in 1867 to the drawing office and engineering

workshops of the Australasian Steam Navigation Company where he spent five years. Here he learnt to

design and became familiar with working with wood and metals.

In 1871 Hargrave became one of the Committee of Management of J.D. Lang's New Guinea Prospecting

Association and in 1872 joined the Association's gold prospecting expedition in the brig Maria.

Hargrave was amongst the survivors when the ship struck Bramble Reef near Hinchinbrook Island and

sank with many lives lost. He returned to work for the Australasian Steam Navigation Company and

later worked for engineers P.N. Russell & Co.

From 1874 to 1876 Hargrave made several voyages to the Torres Strait and New Guinea. First he

sailed to the Torres Strait in the barque Burton Strather in 1874 to gather information for a further

expedition to New Guinea. In May 1875 he joined naturalist (Sir) William Macleay's Chevert expedition

to New Guinea as marine engineer. He left the Chevert after 5 months to accompany the geologist

Octavius C. Stone in the Ellengowan on his expedition which spent three months exploring around Port

Moresby, often in the company of the Reverend William George Lawes, whose family were the first

permanent European residents of Papua.

Hargrave returned to Sydney in February 1876 but soon took up the position of ship's engineer with the

expedition to the Fly River led by the Italian naturalist Luigi D'Albertis in the steam launch Neva.

Hargrave's diaries and accounts of this voyage reveal his poor opinion of his leader's navigational skills

and his uneasiness concerning the methods D'Albertis used to collect artifacts from the local peoples.

Hargrave took a great interest in New Guinea exploration for many years. He sought to alert the

scientific world to the inaccuracies of D'Albertis's chart of the Fly River. (Hargrave's own chart is in his

papers at 94/23/1 - 5.) He was a member of the Geographical Society of Australasia's exploratory

committee and prepared draft instructions for the Society's New Guinea Exploration Expedition under

Captain H.C. Everill in 1885.

Returning to Sydney, Hargrave worked for a time in the foundries of Chapman & Co.

On 7 September 1878 Hargrave married Margaret Preston Johnston. The couple had seven children -

Helen Anne Gray (1879-1966), Hilda Waller (1883-), Margaret Hudson (1889-), Brenda (1890-1891),

Geoffrey (1892-1915) and [Brenda] Olive Blackman (1893-1967).

From January 1879 he worked as extra observer (astronomical) at Sydney Observatory under the

Government Astronomer H.C. Russell. He observed the transit of Mercury in 1881, made observations

of the Krakatoa eruption in 1883, assisted Russell to measure double stars and designed and built

adding machines to help in their calculations. On leaving the Observatory in 1883 he remained friends

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94/23/1

Hargrave, Lawrence

Registration Number:

Creator:

with Russell and often corresponded with him about his aeronautical experiments.

Hargrave's income from land at Coalcliff enabled him to give up paid employment in 1883 and devote

his time to experiments. These he conducted at the house he built at 40 Roslyn Gardens, Rushcutters

Bay and, from 1893 to 1899 at "Hillcrest", Stanwell Park, the house he had inherited from his brother

Ralph.

Hargrave became a member of the Royal Society of New South Wales in 1877 and between 1884 and

1909 presented 24 papers to the Society. Reprints of his papers were sent to fellow experimenters

throughout the world and they were largely responsible for the dissemination of Hargrave's ideas.

In his first paper to the Royal Society, "The trochoided plane", 6 August 1884, he expounded his

trochoided theory of serpentine propulsion based on his observations on waves and the movements of

snakes, fish and birds.

Hargrave's early experiments were with the means of propulsion. His early models, built between 1884

and 1892, were monoplanes constructed of a framework of light wood and tissue paper and powered

initially by clockwork, then by rubber bands, compressed air and steam, with their thrust being

obtained from flapping wings.

In June 1887 he constructed a full-size machine on wheels designed to ascertain the weight of a

machine strong enough to support a man. Propulsion was to be obtained by means of flapping wings

operated by a handle. The experiment was not successful.

From 1888 Hargrave constructed engines powered by petrol and compressed air. His first steam engine

was built in 1888, though this was not a success. His most successful engine was constructed the

following year - the three cylinder radial rotary engine. This engine type was later used in early

aeroplane engines constructed in Europe, notably the French "Gnome".

From 1893 Hargrave began to investigate the behaviour of curved surfaces in a wind. This work was to

be Hargrave's great contribution to the advancement of flight. It led to the invention of the box or

cellular kite, which gave greater lift and stability and less drag than monoplanes. His famous

weight-lift experiment occurred on 12 November 1894 when he lifted himself from the beach at Stanwell

Park by means of four kites attached to one rope. Hargrave's box kites were used as the supporting

surfaces for the first generation of European built aircraft.

Hargrave continued to design and build engines to power full size flying machines, but was hampered

by the lack of engineering skill in Sydney, by shortage of money and his isolation from other workers in

the field. He built at least 35 engines and designed a further twenty.

Two principles that guided his work were that the results should be published immediately in order to

help other experimenters and advance the field of aeronautics. Patent laws were an anathema to him.

The other was that flying machines were a way of bringing humanity together and he spoke out for the

peaceful use of aircraft.

Hargrave took his family to England in February 1899 intending to settle, but the living expenses and

lack of interest in his work forced him back to Australia in six months. The family now occupied 44

Roslyn Gardens and from 1902 a house at end of Wunulla Road, Point Piper, from where he conducted

flight trials on water.

From 1901 Hargrave attempted to find a home for his experimental models in Australia, England and

America. (The Technological Museum - now Powerhouse Museum - had acquired some earlier models

from Hargrave in 1891.) He finally gave them to the Deutsches Museum, Munich in 1909. As a token

of gratitude, he was awarded the Cross of Honour of the Royal Order of Merit of Saint Michael by

Luitpolt Prince Regent of Bavaria, but Hargrave could not obtain permission from King George V to

wear this decoration.

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94/23/1

Hargrave, Lawrence

Registration Number:

Creator:

Hargrave was interested in many issues beyond aeronautics and wrote frequent letters to the editor on

patent laws, free competition, Darwinism, pensions, a bridge for Sydney harbour, strikes, conscription,

etc.

In his later years Hargrave researched the early exploration of Australia and was convinced that two

Spanish ships, the Santa Ysabel and Santa Barbara under the command of Lope de Vega found their

way to Sydney in 1595 and stayed until 1600. The manuscript of his book Lope de Vega is now in the

National Library of Australia (a copy is held by the Museum at P2903-4/3).

Hargrave's only son, Geoffrey, was killed at Gallipoli in May 1915. Hargrave died on 14 July 1915

following an operation for appendicitis and was buried in Waverley Cemetery (Grave 1117, Section

Ordinary, Denomination General). He was survived by his wife and four daughters. Margaret Hargrave

took her youngest daughter and her husband's papers to England where she settled.

References:

Inglis, Amirah (1983). "Lawrence Hargrave", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Melbourne University

Press, volume 9, pp.196-198

Roughley, T.C. (1933). The Aeronautical Work of Lawrence Hargrave. Sydney, Government Printer.

(Technological Museum, Sydney Bulletin No. 19)

Shaw, W. Hudson (1963). "Lawrence Hargrave: an appreciation", J. Proc. Roy. Soc. NSW., volume 96,

pp.17-30

Shaw, W. Hudson & Ruhen, Olaf (1978). Lawrence Hargrave: explorer, inventor & aviation

experimenter. Cassell, Sydney

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COLLECTED ARCHIVES PROVENANCE NOTE These papers were donated to the Museum by Hargrave's eldest daughter Mrs Helen "Nellie" Gray (1879-1966) on 6 November 1962 with William Hudson Shaw acting as intermediary. Shaw, aviation historian, Qantas airlines executive and Honorary Associate of the Museum from 1977, had met Mrs Gray during his research for his biography of Lawrence Hargrave. The papers previously had the following registration numbers: P2756-3A Now 94/23/1-1/5 P2756-4A Now 94/23/1-1/4 P2756-5A Now 94/23/1-1/2 P2756-6A Now 94/23/1-6/2 P2756-7A Now 94/23/1-1/6 P2756-8A Now 94/23/1-4 P2756-9A Now 94/23/1-6/6 P2756-10A Now 94/23/1-1/1 P2756-11A Now 94/23/1-6/3/1 P2756-12A Now 94/23/1-6/4 P2756-13A (& P3321-196) Now 94/23/1-5 P2756-14A Now 94/23/1-3 P2756-14B Now 94/23/1-1/3 P2756-15A Now 94/23/1-6/5 P2756-16A Now 94/23/1-6/7 P2756-17A Now 94/23/1-2 P2756-18A Now 94/23/1-6/1 P2756-25A Now 94/23/1-8 It is assumed that the Charles Bayliss photographs at 94/23/1-7/1:24 were donated by Mrs Gray. Letters from Museum Director, Jack Willis, on file 74/M56/6033 mention Mrs Gray's donation of "some previously unknown photographs" and "further photographs of some of his experiments" but as these photographs were not registered nor listed on receipt it cannot be said with certainty.

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COLLECTED ARCHIVES SERIES LIST

Hargrave, Lawrence

Reg. Number Series Title Date

Creator:

94/23/1-1 Torres Strait and Papua New Guinea diaries 1872-1877

94/23/1-2 Narrative of the Voyage of the Steam Launch Neva 1876

94/23/1-3 Notes on the Fly River Expedition 1876

94/23/1-4 Fly River Expedition from May 18th to Sept 30th 1876 1876

94/23/1-5 Map of Fly River 1876

94/23/1-6 Publications re New Guinea 1877-1900

94/23/1-7 Photographs of models 1884-1900

94/23/1-8 Drawings of sailing boats 1897

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COLLECTED ARCHIVES SERIES DESCRIPTION

Registration Number: 94/23/1-1

Creators: Hargrave, Lawrence

Series Title: Torres Strait and Papua New Guinea diaries

Date Range: 1872-1877

Physical Characteristics: Six volumes; handwritten entries in ink and pencil.

Description: Diaries (6), re voyages to Torres Strait and Papua New Guinea,

Lawrence Hargrave, Australia/Papua New Guinea, 1872-77

Hargrave's diaries cover the period 1872-77 when he made numerous

voyages to the islands of Torres Strait and to Papua New Guinea

and land expeditions into the interior of Papua. There are six

diaries, some of which includes entries for several expeditions.

Arrangement: Chronological

Dimensions: Shelf Length m 0.060

Box Number: 1

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COLLECTED ARCHIVES

Series Title: Torres Strait and Papua New Guinea diaries

ITEM LIST

Item Number BoxItem Title

194/23/1-1/1 Diary, Lawrence Hargrave, Australia/Papua New Guinea, 25

January 1872 - 2 February 1876 (Microfiche copy available)

Volume, half-bound in red leatherette, with blue and brown

marbled covers, 235mm x 197mm. The volume was formerly

sealed at the fore-edge by a red wax and fabric tape seal; the

tape has been cut. Manuscript entries in pencil and pen. In

his Journal, volume 1 p.50 (P3321-198/21), Hargrave refers to

this as his "red-backed diary".

This diary contains the following elements:

a. Brief account of the Maria expedition to New Guinea,

covering the period 25 January to 6 March 1872. The Maria,

Thomas Stratman master, sailed from Sydney on 20 January

1872, carrying a party of 75 men who were subscribers to the

New Guinea Prospecting Expedition to Redscar Bay and the

south-east coast of New Guinea. Hargrave was on board as

one of the expedition's Committee of Management. On 26

February the Maria struck Bramble Reef near Hinchinbrook

Island and sank. Hargrave escaped and landed at Cardwell

on 3 March. Only 28 men survived the wreck and the

subsequent attacks by Aborigines. (In back of volume)

b. Rough log of the voyage in the barque Burton Stather, 24

August - 15 November 1874 from Sydney to Somerset (Cape

York). In his Journal, volume 1 p.50 (P3321 - 198/21),

Hargrave says of this voyage: "Next expedition was to Torres

Strait in search of information for a new expedition to New

Guinea." The log gives date and position only and the mention

of an earthquake on the 14 November. Hargrave left Somerset

for Sydney on 15 November in the S.S. Gothenberg. (pp.B-1)

c. Diary of voyage on board the Chevert, Captain Charles

Edwards, 19 May - 17 September 1875, from Sydney to Torres

Strait and Papua New Guinea. Hargrave was employed as

engineer. On board were the ship's owner, William Macleay,

natural history collector and Captain Arthur A.W. Onslow,

hydrographer. Places visited during the voyage included

Somerset, Kattow (Katau) River, Warrior Island (now Tudu),

Long Island, Bet Island, Cocoanut Island, Darnley Island and

Yule Island (where the Italian naturalist Luigi D'Albertis

asked Hargrave to join him). The diary mentions encounters

with the native peoples (vocabularies are sometimes given);

collection of specimens including human skulls, alligators,

snakes, and birds and their eggs; and Hargrave's plans to join

Octavius Stone's expedition across the south-east peninsula of

New Guinea. The diary is illustrated with pencil sketches of

native people, their houses and a coastal profile of Yule Island.

Hargrave was discharged from the Chevert on 17 September.

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Item Number BoxItem Title

(pp.1-38)

d. Diary of voyage from Somerset to Port Moresby on the S.S.

Ellengowan, Captain Runcie, and explorations from Port

Moresby, 18 September 1875 - 2 February 1876. Hargrave had

been invited on this expedition by geologist Octavius C. Stone.

Among the party were Tasmanian naturalist W. F. Petterd and

collector Kendal Broadbent. The party was based at the

mission at Annaparta, Port Moresby run by the Reverend

William George Lawes, whose family were the first permanent

European residents of Papua. The diary records Hargrave's

going on patrol with native police at Somerset; his calling on

Luigi D'Albertis on Yule Island; the party's excursions from

Annaparta to the Laroka River, the Astrolabe Ranges and to

the Owen Stanley Ranges; descriptions of the people of

Annaparta and Elevara; and Annaparta, Koi-ar-re, La-har-rer

and Hoo-lar vocabularies. The expedition sailed from Port

Moresby on 26 January, arriving back at Somerset on 2

February. The diary is illustrated with pencil sketches of pig

traps, clubs and a man with shield. A rough version of part of

this diary (22 November - 15 December) is to be found in

94/23/1-1/2. (pp.38-87)

e. Drawings of a double acting hand drill, spring saw, elevator.

The drawings are numbered 57, 58, 59, 60, 77.

In the volume is a book mark printed with the name of Luigi

M. D'Albertis and a letter from the London Missionary Society

to Hargrave, 14 March 1912, re the ownership of Port Moresby

land.

The annotations in the front and back of the volume in blue

biro were made by W. Hudson Shaw, 1960s

Earlier dates start at the back of the diary, front of diary starts

from August 24 1874.

194/23/1-1/1/1 Diary, Lawrence Hargrave, 25 January 1872 - 2 February 1876

194/23/1-1/1/2 Letter, from London Missionary Society to Lawrence Hargrave,

14 March 1912, re ownership of Port Moresby land

194/23/1-1/1/3 Sheet of note paper

194/23/1-1/1/4 Bookmark, white cardboard, on which is printed the name of

'Luigi M. D'Albertis'

194/23/1-1/2 Diary, Lawrence Hargrave, Australia/Papua New Guinea, 22

November 1875 - 28 September 1876 (microfiche copy

available)

Notebook bound in brown leather (non-contemporary binding),

88mm x 140mm. Side pocket contains a bone-handled and

metal tipped drawing instrument. Manuscript entries in pencil

and pen. Two pages have been torn from the centre of the

notebook. The annotations in the front of the notebook and the

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Item Number BoxItem Title

page numbers in blue biro were made by W. Hudson Shaw,

1960s. The notebook may be that referred to in Hargrave's

Journal, volume 1 page 52 (P3321-198/22) as the "brass bound

diary".

This diary contains the following elements:

a. Rough diary, 22 November - 15 December 1875, of

Hargrave's exploration near Port Moresby in the company of

geologist Octavius C. Stone, Tasmanian naturalist W. F.

Petterd, missionary the Reverend William George Lawes and

collector Kendal Broadbent. The expedition was from the site

of Lawes' mission at Annaparta, near Port Moresby to

Co-lo-he-me-ne ford, 5 miles east north east of the Laroker

River. The diary includes brief comments on the local people,

plantations, the shooting of Birds of Paradise, etc. (Shaw's

pp.1-17)

b. Rough log, 18 May - 28 September 1876, of Fly River

expedition with Italian naturalist Luigi M. D'Albertis on board

the steam launch Neva. This is a navigation log giving day,

course, miles travelled and brief comments. The log ends at

Kattow Creek. (Shaw's pp. 18-42)

c. Diary, 20-28 September 1876, covering Hargrave's journey

from Somerset to Kattow on the cutter Ida with mail and

stores for Luigi D'Albertis and his discharge by D'Albertis.

d. List of 57 of the 75 men on board the brig Maria which sank

off Bramble Reef, near Hinchinbrook Island on 26 February

1872. Hargrave was among the 28 survivors. (See also

94/23/1-1/1.)

e. Vocabularies of native languages, giving English and native

equivalents. (In middle of notebook)

f. Inventory of engineering gear left in the Neva.

g. Illustrations including rough sketches of a native dwelling

on stilts, a multi-storey building, and Mount Owen Stanley

and Double Hill near the Laroker River and a rough map of the

area around Mount Owen Stanley, Mount Astrolabe and

Elevara.

h. Logarithmic calculations.

194/23/1-1/2/1 Diary, Lawrence Hargrave, 22 November 1875 - 28 September

1876

194/23/1-1/2/2 Bone-handled and metal tipped drawing instrument

194/23/1-1/3 Diary, Lawrence Hargrave, Australia/ Papua New Guinea, 20

April - 10 September 1876 (microfiche copy available)

Notebook, bound in light brown leather, 120mm x 75mm.

Manuscript entries in pencil; some have been overwritten in

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Item Number BoxItem Title

pen.

This is Hargrave's diary of the Fly River expedition of Luigi

D'Albertis in the steam launch Neva. Hargrave was the

expedition engineer. The Neva sailed from Somerset on 18

May, entered the Fly on 23 May and sailed upstream for 45

days. Low water forced the party to return and they reached

the mouth of the river on 19 July.

The diary records the course and distances travelled; the

collecting of natural history specimens including human skulls,

weapons, ferns, Birds of Paradise; the plundering of native

villages ("we completely gutted the houses"); and D'Albertis'

firing of rockets to frighten the native people. (Hargrave says

"I don't like this bullying of the natives, I think it will make it

very dangerous for any white people who may come here

afterwards.") The later part of the diary shows the increasing

ill-will between Hargrave and D'Albertis.

The diary is illustrated with pencil sketches of a native

dwelling with floor plan, a pig trap and sketch maps of the

river.

194/23/1-1/4 Diary, Lawrence Hargrave, Papua New Guinea, 20 April - 29

September 1876 (microfiche copy available)

Notebook, bound in maroon leatherette, 137mm x 90mm. Side

pocket contains a bone pencil; a pocket in the back cover

contains two items. Manuscript entries in ink.

This is Hargrave's diary of the Fly River expedition of Luigi

D'Albertis in the steam lauch Neva, presumably written up

from the rough diaries 94/23/1-1/2 and 94/23/1-1/3. The entries

of late September include copies of letters re his discharge

from the service of D'Albertis which do not appear in the rough

diaries.

The pocket in the back of the volume contains a printed

booklet, Goodall's Porte-Monnaie Calendar 1876 and some

manuscript notes by Hargrave on navigation. Blue biro

annotations on the notes are those of W. Hudson Shaw, 1960s.

194/23/1-1/4/1 Diary, Lawrence Hargrave, 20 April - 29 September 1876

194/23/1-1/4/2 Insert for diary, titled `BRIEF NOTES FOR GUIDANCE

WITH NAVIGATION...FOR FIELD USE'

194/23/1-1/4/3 Miniature calendar inserted into diary pocket.

194/23/1-1/4/4 Bone and [graphite] pencil.

194/23/1-1/5 Diary, Lawrence Hargrave, Australia,/ New Guinea, 6 October

- 19 December 1877 (microfiche copy available)

Notebook, bound in black leatherette, 132mm x 90mm, with

empty side pocket for pencil. Handwritten entries in pencil.

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Item Number BoxItem Title

The annotations in the front and back of the volume in blue

biro were made by W. Hudson Shaw, 1960s.

This diary contains the following elements:

a. Diary, 6 October - 19 December 1877, re Hargrave's

inspection of the Parbury Lamb Pearl Shell Station on the

island of Wei Wea (Weiwere) in the Prince of Wales Group,

Torres Strait. Hargrave was commissioned for this task by

Walter Lamb and Thomas Forster Knox. Hargrave dismissed

the then superintendent, Captain A. R. Hovell for

drunkenness, and the agent George King also left because he

was unable to account for stores and had encouraged Hovell's

drinking. Hargrave appointed H. Dubbins as temporary

manager and made a complete inventory of all the company's

assets. (At end of diary near pocket)

b. Technical drawings. Two pencil drawings

c. List of expenses

d. Notes of a conversation with Bob, a Fijian member of Luigi

D'Albertis' second expedition up the Fly River in the launch

Neva. The notes largely concern the ill-treatment of party

members by D'Albertis on this aborted trip. Hargrave ends:

"D'Albertis is at Neboo with his engineer and cook mad with

the pox that he has had since leaving Sydney. He is rotten."

194/23/1-1/6 Diary, Lawrence Hargrave, Australia/Papua New Guinea, 9

October - 21 December 1877 (microfiche copy available)

Volume, bound in dark brown leatherette, 155mm x 104mm.

Manuscript entries in ink and pencil. The annotations in the

front of the volume in blue biro were made by W. Hudson

Shaw, 1960s.

This diary contains the following elements:

a. Copies of letters, 9 October - 21 December 1877. The letters

are to Messrs Charles Parbury, Walter Lamb and Thomas

Forster Knox re their pearl shell station at Weiwere island in

the Torres Strait; to Captain A.R. Hovell re his dismissal as

superintendent of the station; to H. Dubbins re his

management of the station; to Beardmore and Co, traders of

Cooktown, re supply of bêche de mer; and to the Town and

Country Journal re his chart of the Fly River (94/23/1-5).

(pp.35-84, 120-128)

b. Mr. Lawes' Vocabulary/ Motu Language. The Motu words

are listed alphabetically with their English equivalent. (Back

of volume pp.163-129, 119-99)

Two pages of this diary bear a red wax seal with initials `LH'.

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COLLECTED ARCHIVES SERIES DESCRIPTION

Registration Number: 94/23/1-2

Creators: Hargrave, Lawrence

Series Title: Narrative of the Voyage of the Steam Launch Neva

Date Range: 1876

Physical Characteristics: Bundle of ruled foolscap pages, 338mm x 210mm, tied at upper left

corner with red cotton tape. Handwritten in ink.

Description: Document, `Narrative of the Voyage of the Steam Launch Neva',

Australia/ Papua New Guinea, Lawrence Hargrave, 1876

(microfiche copy available)

This is Hargrave's 55 page account of the voyage of the steam launch

Neva up the Fly River, Papua under the command of Italian

naturalist Luigi Maria D'Albertis. Hargrave was the ship's engineer.

The Neva sailed from Somerset, Cape York, on 18 May, entered the

Fly on 23 May and sailed upstream for 45 days. Low water forced

the party to return and they arrived back at Somerset on 21

November. The Narrative draws from Hargrave's diaries

(94/23/1-1/2,3,4).

The Narrative records the course and distances travelled; the

collecting of natural history specimens including human skeletons,

weapons, ferns, Birds of Paradise; the plundering of native villages

("we landed & robbed them of all they possessed", "we completely

gutted the houses"); and D'Albertis' firing of rockets to frighten the

native people. Hargrave says: "I don't like this bullying of the

natives, I think it will make it very dangerous for any white people

who may come here afterwards." The later part of the Narrative

shows the increasing ill-will between Hargrave and D'Albertis.

The Narrative is illustrated with pencil sketches of a native

dwelling with floor plan, a mask, a club and sketch maps of the

river. The Narrative ends with copies of letters re his discharge

from the expedition by D'Albertis.

Throughout the text of the Narrative there are editing marks in red

pencil - underlinings, strikings out and marginal notes ("Qs" and

"Omit"). The passages marked are usually ones critical of

D'Albertis's behaviour. The last page bears the red pencilled

heading "Summary of Engineering Obsns [Observations?]", but the

page is otherwise blank.

Hargrave is presumably referring to this account and to `Notes re

Fly River expedition, 1876 (94/23/1-3) and `Fly River expedition from

May 18th to Sept 30th 1876' (94/23/1-4) when he says in his Journal,

volume 1 p.52 (P3321-198/22): "See brass-bound diary [94/23/1-1/2] &

several copies with explanatory additions that were rendered

necessary when it became evident that I was to be totally ignored by

D'Albertis & his committee after having done more work than the lot

put together."

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Arrangement: Chronological

Dimensions: Shelf Length mm 0.010

Box Number: 1

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COLLECTED ARCHIVES SERIES DESCRIPTION

Registration Number: 94/23/1-3

Creators: Hargrave, Lawrence

Series Title: Notes on the Fly River Expedition

Date Range: 1876

Physical Characteristics: Bundle of ruled foolscap pages, 338mm x 210mm, tied at upper left

corner with red cotton tape. Handwritten in ink.

Description: Document, notes re Fly River expedition, Lawrence Hargrave,

Australia/ Papua New Guinea, 1876 (microfiche copy available)

This is Hargrave's 55 page account of the voyage of the steam launch

Neva up the Fly River, Papua under the command of Italian

naturalist Luigi Maria D'Albertis. Hargrave was the ship's engineer.

The Neva sailed from Somerset, Cape York, on 18 May, entered the

Fly on 23 May and sailed upstream for 45 days. Low water forced

the party to return and they arrived back at Somerset on 21

November. The Narrative draws from Hargrave's diaries

(94/23/1-1/2,3,4).

The Narrative records the course and distances travelled; the

collecting of natural history specimens including human skeletons,

weapons, ferns, Birds of Paradise; the plundering of native villages

("we landed & robbed them of all they possessed", "we completely

gutted the houses"); and D'Albertis' firing of rockets to frighten the

native people. Hargrave says: "I don't like this bullying of the

natives, I think it will make it very dangerous for any white people

who may come here afterwards." The later part of the Narrative

shows the increasing ill-will between Hargrave and D'Albertis.

The Narrative is illustrated with pencil sketches of a native

dwelling with floor plan, a mask, a club and sketch maps of the

river. The Narrative ends with copies of letters re his discharge

from the expedition by D'Albertis.

Throughout the text of the Narrative there are editing marks in red

pencil - underlinings, strikings out and marginal notes ("Qs" and

"Omit"). The passages marked are usually ones critical of

D'Albertis's behaviour. The last page bears the red pencilled

heading "Summary of Engineering Obsns [Observations?]", but the

page is otherwise blank.

Hargrave is presumably referring to this account and to `Notes re

Fly River expedition, 1876 (94/23/1-3) and `Fly River expedition from

May 18th to Sept 30th 1876' (94/23/1-4) when he says in his Journal,

volume 1 p.52 (P3321-198/22): "See brass-bound diary [94/23/1-1/2] &

several copies with explanatory additions that were rendered

necessary when it became evident that I was to be totally ignored by

D'Albertis & his committee after having done more work than the lot

put together."

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Arrangement:

Dimensions: Shelf Length m 0.010

General mm

Box Number: 1

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COLLECTED ARCHIVES SERIES DESCRIPTION

Registration Number: 94/23/1-4

Creators: Hargrave, Lawrence

Series Title: Fly River Expedition from May 18th to Sept 30th 1876

Date Range: 1876

Physical Characteristics: Bundle of loose sheets, 420mm x 340mm, tied in upper left corner

with red tape to which is attached a red wax seal bearing the initials

'LH'.

Description: Document, `Fly River Expedition from May 18th to Sept 30th 1876',

Lawrence Hargrave, Australia/ Papua New Guinea, 1876

This is Hargrave's 22 page account of the voyage of the steam launch

Neva up the Fly River, Papua under the command of Italian

naturalist Luigi Maria D'Albertis. Hargrave was the ship's engineer.

The Neva sailed from Somerset, Cape York, on 18 May, entered the

Fly on 23 May and sailed upstream for 45 days. Low water forced

the party to return and they arrived back at Somerset on 21

November. The account draws from Hargrave's diaries

(94/23/1-1/2,3,4). Some days' entries are fuller in some regards than

those in the Narrative (94/23/1-2) but the account is lacking some of

the elements of the Narrative eg. the list of engineering gear (8

September) and the copies of letters re his discharge by D'Albertis.

This account is addressed on the last page "To the Committee for the

Exploration of New Guinea favoured by the Reverend J.P.

Sunderland". Hargrave is presumably referring to this account when

he says in his Journal, volume 1 p.52 (P3321-198/22): "See

brass-bound diary (94/23/1-1/2) & several copies with explanatory

additions that were rendered necessary when it became evident that

I was to be totally ignored by D'Albertis & his committee after

having done more work than the lot put together."

Throughout the text of this account there are manuscript corrections

and many passages are marked "Omit" in red ink. The passages

marked are usually ones critical of D'Albertis's behaviour.

Arrangement:

Dimensions: Shelf Length m 0.010

Box Number: 2

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COLLECTED ARCHIVES SERIES DESCRIPTION

Registration Number: 94/23/1-5

Creators: Hargrave, Lawrence

Series Title: Map of Fly River

Date Range: 1876

Physical Characteristics: Ink and watercolour on paper.

Description: Map of Fly River, ink and watercolour on paper, Lawrence

Hargrave, Australia, 1876

Hargrave's map of the Fly River, Papua, prepared on his return from

his voyage with the Italian naturalist Luigi D'Albertis in the Neva as

ship's engineer. The map shows the route taken from Nebo Island

on 24 May 1876 454 miles up the Fly River and return on 18 July

1876. The map is annotated with dates, distances, villages, remarks

on vegetation, and references to attacks by natives. On the reverse

is a pencil sketch of a sailing ship.

Signed and dated by Hargrave `FLY RIVER/ native name/

GO-OWER/ Law. Hargrave/ Sept. 1876'.

Arrangement:

Dimensions:

Box Number: Plan cabinet

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COLLECTED ARCHIVES SERIES DESCRIPTION

Registration Number: 94/23/1-6

Creators: Hargrave, Lawrence

Series Title: Publications re New Guinea

Date Range: 1877-1900

Physical Characteristics: Printed booklets or volumes

Description: Publications re New Guinea, collected by Lawrence Hargrave,

Sydney, New South Wales, 1877-1900

Eleven printed booklets or volumes relating to Hargrave's interest in

New Guinea and to exploration in general. Four of the booklets

94/23/1-6/3/1:4 are bound together by two pieces of wire.

Arrangement: Chronological

Dimensions: Shelf Length m 0.030

Box Number: 1

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COLLECTED ARCHIVES

Series Title: Publications re New Guinea

ITEM LIST

Item Number BoxItem Title

194/23/1-6/1 Booklet, `New Guinea Exploration', Luigi D'Albertis author,

Charles Potter Acting Government Printer, Sydney, New

South Wales, Australia, 1877

Luigi Maria D'Albertis. New Guinea Exploration (extract from

the log-book of the steam-launch "Neva."). Ordered to be

printed by the Legislative Assembly, 30 January 1877. (From

the Papers of the NSW Legislative Assembly, 1876-7)

Lawrence Hargrave was ship's engineer on this voyage and is

often referred to in the log.

194/23/1-6/2 Booklet, `Buka kunana: Levaleva tuahia adipaia: first school

book, in language of Port Moresby, New Guinea', Reading and

Foster printers, Sydney, New South Wales, 1877

The volume bears manuscript translations and corrections in

pencil and ink.

194/23/1-6/3 Booklets (4), bound together by wire

194/23/1-6/3/1 Booklet, 'Instructions issued by the Geographical Society of

Australasia for the guidance of the New Guinea Exploration

Expedition', F. Cunninghame & Co.printers, Sydney, New

South Wales, 1885

Lawrence Hargrave was a member of the Society's exploratory

committee and prepared draft instructions for the expedition.

See his Journal volume 1, pp.86-89 (P3321-198/37:39).

194/23/1-6/3/2 Booklet, 'Special record of the proceedings of the Geographical

Society of Australasia in fitting out and starting the

Exploratory Expedition to New Guinea', Edward Pulsford,

compiler / F. Cunninghame & Co. printers, Sydney, New South

Wales, 1885

Throughout the text there are underlinings and lines in the

margins in pencil.

194/23/1-6/3/3 Booklet, `Official Report of Capt. H.C. Everill, Leader of the

New Guinea Exploring Expedition', Thomas Richards,

Government Printer, Sydney, New South Wales,1886

Throughout the text are marginalia and underlinings by

Lawrence Hargrave in blue pencil.

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Item Number BoxItem Title

194/23/1-6/3/4 Booklet, `The Voyage of the Bonito: an account of the Fly River

Expedition to New Guinea, delivered as a lecture under the

auspices of the Agricultural Society of Shoalhaven; and printed

at their request', William Bäuerlen author/ Gibbs, Shallard &

Co, printers, Sydney, New South Wales, 1886

William Bäuerlen was botanical collector on Captain H.C.

Everill's expedition. Lawrence Hargrave has twice written

"no" in pencil in the margins of this booklet.

194/23/1-6/4 Booklet, `Annual address to the Geographical Society of

Australasia New South Wales Branch 1885-86', Sir Edward

Strickland author/ John Woods & Co Limited, printers,

Sydney, New South Wales, 1885-1886

Throughout the text are underlinings and marginalia by

Lawrence Hargrave in blue pencil.

194/23/1-6/5 Book, 'British New Guinea. Issued by Burns, Philp & Co.,

Limited, contractors with the High Commissioner for the

opening of trading stations on the New Guinea coast, and for

the establishment of regular steam communication therewith',

Burns, Philp & Co, publishers / John Woods & Co Limited,

printers, Sydney, New South Wales, 1886

Pages 22-23 refer to the ill-fated Maria expedition, 1872, to

L.M. D'Albertis's Fly River expedition in the Neva, 1876 and to

Sir William Macleay's voyage on the Chevert, 1875, in all three

of which Lawrence Hargrave took part.

194/23/1-6/6 Booklet, `New constitution of the New South Wales Branch of

the Geographical Society of Australasia', W.E. Smith printer,

Sydney, New South Wales, 1886

194/23/1-6/7 Report, `Annual Report of British New Guinea from 1st

July,1889, to 30th June, 1890: with appendices', Charles

Potter, Government Printer, Sydney, New South Wales, 1890

Published in the New South Wales Parliamentary Papers,

1890. One of the appendices in the report is "Reverend W.G.

Lawes Comparative View of Seven Native Dialects and

Grammar of Motu Language". Lawrence Hargrave was a

member of an exploring party based at Lawes' mission at Port

Moresby in late 1875 and his diary 94/23/1-1/6 contains a list of

'Mr Lawes' Vocabulary/ Motu Language'. See also Hargrave's

Journal, volume 1, p.163 (P3321-198/68) for a draft letter to Sir

William Macgregor re Appendix G No. 1 of the annual report.

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Item Number BoxItem Title

194/23/1-6/8 Booklet, `New Guinea Exploration', Luigi D'Albertis author,

Charles Potter Acting Government Printer, Sydney, New

South Wales, Australia, 1877

Luigi Maria D'Albertis. New Guinea Exploration (extract from

the log-book of the steam-launch "Neva."). Ordered to be

printed by the New South Wales Legislative Council, 31

January 1877. (From Votes and Proceedings of the NSW

Legislative Council, 1876-7)

Lawrence Hargrave was ship's engineer on this voyage and is

often referred to in the log.

This particular publication was added to the archive on 12

October 2009. Its text is the same as the NSW Leglislative

Assembly publication with the same title 94/23/1-6/1.

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COLLECTED ARCHIVES SERIES DESCRIPTION

Registration Number: 94/23/1-7

Creators: Hargrave, Lawrence

Series Title: Photographs of models

Date Range: 1884-1900

Physical Characteristics: Albumen paper prints mounted on board

Description: Photographic prints (24), of Lawrence Hargrave's models, Charles

Bayliss, New South Wales, 1884-1889

24 photographs (albumen paper prints mounted on board) taken by

Sydney photographer Charles Bayliss of Lawrence Hargrave's flying

machines and trochoided models. Hargrave's journals

(P3321-198:201) make many references to Bayliss coming to

photograph the models and to Hargrave's sending copies to

institutions and fellow experimenters. The photographs are

numbered on the reverse in an unknown hand and some have

annotations.

Also included is a photographic view of Stanwell Park showing

Hillcrest and Stanwell House, which, according to annotations on

the reverse, was taken by Bayliss on the day of the kite lift, 1894.

Arrangement: By photograph number on reverse

Dimensions: Shelf Length m 0.050

Box Number: 3

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COLLECTED ARCHIVES

Series Title: Photographs of Lawrence Hargrave's models

ITEM LIST

Item Number BoxItem Title

394/23/1-7/1 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave trochoided plane model consisting of two floats and a

clockwork mechanism, Charles Bayliss, New South Wales,

c1884

394/23/1-7/2 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave trochoided plane model consisting of two floats,

Charles Bayliss, New South Wales, [1884]

Sketch of this model appears as Figure II in "The trochoided

plane", paper read before the Royal Society of NSW, 6 August

1884.

394/23/1-7/3 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave model with clockwork mechanism, Charles Bayliss,

New South Wales, c 1884

394/23/1-7/4 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave trochoided plane model resembling fish, Charles

Bayliss, New South Wales, [1884]

Sketch of this model appears as Figure IV in "The trochoided

plane", paper read before the Royal Society of NSW, 6 August

1884. Another copy of this print is at P3544-22.

394/23/1-7/5 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave trochoided plane model resembling snake, Charles,

Bayliss, New South Wales, c1884

394/23/1-7/6 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave model, Charles Bayliss, New South Wales, c1884

394/23/1-7/7 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on baord, Lawrence

Hargrave model showing form of serpentine progression,

Charles Bayliss, New South Wales, [1886]

Sketch of this model appears in "Notes on a model shewing one

form of serpentine progression", paper read before the Royal

Society of NSW, 2 June 1886.

394/23/1-7/8 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, eight

Lawrence Hargrave flying machines models, Charles Bayliss,

New South Wales, [1885]

394/23/1-7/9 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave trochoided plane model, Charles Bayliss, New South

Wales, [1884]

Sketch of this model appears as Figure III of "The Trochoided

Plane", paper read before the Royal Society of NSW, 6 August

1884.

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Item Number BoxItem Title

394/23/1-7/10 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave flapping wing flying machine model, Charles Bayliss,

New South Wales, c1884

Photo and mount are broken in two.

394/23/1-7/11 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave flapping wing flying machine model, Charles Bayliss,

New South Wales, c1884

394/23/1-7/12 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave flapping wing flying machine model, Charles Bayliss,

New South wales, c1884

394/23/1-7/13 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave flapping wing flying machine model, Charles Bayliss,

New South wales, [1885]

This photo is reproduced in T.C. Roughley's The aeronautical

work of Lawrence Hargrave. Sydney, Government Printer,

1933 p.7 with the caption: "Figure 2. An early flapping-wing

model (probably 1885) with wings in two sections, a vertical

fin, and fixed tail-planes. The motive power was rubber-bands

in tension."

394/23/1-7/14 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave flapping wing flying machine model, Charles Bayliss,

New South Wales, c1884

394/23/1-7/15 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave flapping wing flying machine model, Charles Bayliss,

New South Wales, [1887]

In Hargrave's paper read before Royal Society of NSW,

"Autographic instruments used in the development of flying

machines", 7 December 1887, is a sketch of what appears to be

this model. It is plate 28 part III `Experimental model of a

flying machine' which bears the caption `This model has flown

270 feet'.

394/23/1-7/16 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave models, Charles Bayliss, New South Wales, c1884

394/23/1-7/17 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave's large flying machine on wheels, Charles Bayliss,

New South Wales, [1887]

Sketches of this model appear on Plates 1 to 3 of "Recent work

on flying machines", paper read before the Royal Society of

NSW, 1 June 1887.

394/23/1-7/18 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave's flapping wing flying machine model, Charles

Bayliss, New South Wales, c1887

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Item Number BoxItem Title

394/23/1-7/19 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave's machine model, Charles Bayliss, New South Wales,

c1887

394/23/1-7/20 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, two Lawrence

Hargrave flapping wing flying machine models, Charles

Bayliss, New South Wales, c1887

394/23/1-7/21 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave flapping wing flying machine model, Charles Bayliss,

New South Wales, c1887

394/23/1-7/22 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargarve model, Charles Bayliss, New South Wales, c1887

394/23/1-7/23 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave's model to demonstrate figure of eight movement,

Charles Bayliss, New South Wales, [1889]

Label affixed to model reads: `Section of a flying machine strut

that has stood a crushing strain of 360 pounds. The strut was

originally 6 feet 2 inches long and had 5 bulkheads 18 inches

apart'.

Sketch of this model appears as Figure II `Figure-of-8

movement' of "Flying machine memoranda", paper read before

the Royal Society of NSW, 7 August 1889.

394/23/1-7/24 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, Lawrence

Hargrave's `3 cylinder revolving type of compressed air engine',

Charles Bayliss, New South Wales, 1889

`3 cylinder revolving type of compressed air engine invented by

Hargrave in 1889, the forerunner of the modern Gnome.

Weight 3/4 of a pound, 285 revolutions per minute with 100lb

pressure of air'.

394/23/1-7/25 Photographic print, albumen, mounted on board, view of

Stanwell Park showing Lawrence Hargrave's house Hillcrest

on the right and Stanwell House on the left, Charles Bayliss,

Stanwell Park, New South Wales, 1894?

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COLLECTED ARCHIVES SERIES DESCRIPTION

Registration Number: 94/23/1-8

Creators: Hargrave, Lawrence

Series Title: Drawings of sailing boats

Date Range: 1897

Physical Characteristics: Twelve drawings (5 pen & ink, 6 pencil and 1 watercolour)

Description: Drawings (12), of sailing boats, Lawrence Hargrave, Australia/

Papua New Guinea, 1897

Twelve drawings (5 pen & ink, 6 pencil and 1 watercolour) by

Hargrave of sailing boats. Three are dated 1897, the rest are

undated.

The boats depicted include the schooner Ellesmere on which

Hargrave circumnavigated Australia in 1866; the yacht Shark which

Hargrave built in 1869; the brig Maria, which sunk off the

Queensland coast in 1872, Hargrave being one of the survivors; and

Annaparter Lackertoey, a Port Moresby sago ship, presumably seen

in 1875 when Hargrave was based at Annaparta mission, Port

Moresby.

Arrangement: None apparent

Dimensions: Shelf Length m 0.003

Box Number: 1

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COLLECTED ARCHIVES

Series Title: Drawings of sailing boats

ITEM LIST

Item Number BoxItem Title

194/23/1-8/1 Drawing, pen, `Ellesmere Sydney', Lawrence Hargrave, c1866

Hargrave circumnavigated Australia on the schooner

Ellesmere in 1866.

194/23/1-8/2 Drawing, pen, `The Shark', Lawrence Hargrave, c1897?

'The Shark' was built by Lawrence Hargrave. "In 1869 he built

the Shark, a twenty-five-foot outrigger with clinker hulls. It

carried a lugsail on a long yard on a mast stepped amidships."

W. Hudson Shaw & Olaf Ruhen. Lawrence Hargrave:

explorer, inventor and aviation experimenter. Stanmore, NSW,

Cassell, 1977, p.10.

194/23/1-8/3 Drawing, pencil, `Shark 28.5.97', Lawrence Hargrave, 1897

'The Shark' was built by Lawrence Hargrave. "In 1869 he built

the Shark, a twenty-five-foot outrigger with clinker hulls. It

carried a lugsail on a long yard on a mast stepped amidships."

W. Hudson Shaw & Olaf Ruhen. Lawrence Hargrave:

explorer, inventor and aviation experimenter. Stanmore, NSW,

Cassell, 1977, p.10.

194/23/1-8/4 Drawing, pencil, `Shark No.2', Lawrence Hargrave, n.d.

'The Shark' was built by Lawrence Hargrave. "In 1869 he built

the Shark, a twenty-five-foot outrigger with clinker hulls. It

carried a lugsail on a long yard on a mast stepped amidships."

W. Hudson Shaw & Olaf Ruhen. Lawrence Hargrave:

explorer, inventor and aviation experimenter. Stanmore, NSW,

Cassell, 1977, p.10.

194/23/1-8/5 Drawing, pen, `Maria', Lawrence Hargrave, n.d.

In 1871 Hargrave became one of the Committee of

Management of J.D. Lang's New Guinea Prospecting

Association and in 1872 joined the Association's gold

prospecting expedition in the brig Maria. Hargrave was

amongst the survivors when the ship struck Bramble Reef

near Hinchinbrook Island and sank with many lives lost.

194/23/1-8/6 Drawing, pen, `Annaparter Lackertoey. Port Moresby Sago

Ship', Lawrence Hargrave, 1875?

The Annaparter Lackertoey was presumably seen in 1875

when Hargrave was based at Annaparta mission, Port

Moresby.

194/23/1-8/7 Drawing, pen, unidentified sailing boat, `Light airs on a lee

shore', Lawrence Hargrave, n.d.

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Item Number BoxItem Title

194/23/1-8/8 Drawing, pencil, unidentified sailing boat, `for Nell 28.5.97',

Lawrence Hargrave, 1897

Nell was Hargrave's first daughter - Helen Ann, born 22 June

1879.

194/23/1-8/9 Drawing, pencil, unidentified sailing boat, `18.11.97', Lawrence

Hargrave, 1897

194/23/1-8/10 Drawing, pencil, unidentified sailing boat, Lawrence Hargrave,

n.d.

194/23/1-8/11 Drawing, pencil, unidentified sailing boat, Lawrence Hargrave,

n.d.

194/23/1-8/12 Drawing, watercolour, unidentified sailing boat, Lawrence

Hargrave, n.d.

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The Powerhouse Museum

Archives has a dual purpose.

First, to manage and preserve

the institutional records of the

Museum from its establishment

in 1880 to the present. Secondly,

to manage and preserve

collected archives which are

the papers of individuals and

the records of organisations

and businesses acquired by the

Museum for its collection in the

fields of science, technology,

design, industry, decorative arts,

music, transport and history.

COVER: Photographic prints,

COVER DESIGN: Colin Rowan