powerpoint presentation 4...yoav barr and chris langdon live prey enrichment rotifers (cultured live...
TRANSCRIPT
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larvi 2013
ghent university, belgium, 2-5 september 2013
6th fish & shellfish larviculture symposium
Microparticulate enrichment of rotiferswith taurine and other water-soluble
substances and their subsequent effectson Lepidopsetta polyxystra larvae
Matt Hawkyard
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Microparticulate enrichment of rotifers withwater-soluble substances and their
subsequent effects on Northern rock sole(Lepidopsetta polyxystra) larvae.
Matt Hawkyard, Ben Laurel,Yoav Barr and Chris Langdon
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Live prey enrichment
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Rotifers(cultured live prey)
Copepods(natural prey)
≠
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Rotifers Wild Zooplankton NRC
Taurine 0 7.7 -
Selenium <0.01 1.5 0.25-0.3
Iodine 3-8 50-350 0.6-1.1
Mæhre et al. 2012; Hamre et al 2008
Taurine in g kg-1 DWIodine and selenium in mg kg-1 DW
Water-soluble nutrients in rotifers vs.zooplankton
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Problem: Water-soluble nutrients aredifficult to deliver to marine organisms.
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Dissolved (Aqueous) vs. Particulateenrichments
Dissolvednutrient(s)
Microparticles or emulsionscontaining nutrient(s)
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Phospholipidouter-
membrane
Aqueous core
LiposomesWax matrix
(yellow)
Aqueous orcrystalline core
Wax spray beads (WSB)Phospholipidouter-
membrane
Aqueous core
LiposomesWax matrix
(yellow)
Aqueous orcrystalline core
Wax spray beads (WSB)Phospholipidouter-
membrane
Aqueous core
Liposomes
Buchal and Langdon 1998
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Phospholipidouter-
membrane
Aqueous core
LiposomesWax matrix
(yellow)
Aqueous orcrystalline core
Wax spray beads (WSB)Phospholipidouter-
membrane
Aqueous core
LiposomesWax matrix
(yellow)
Aqueous orcrystalline core
Wax spray beads (WSB)Phospholipidouter-
membrane
Aqueous core
Liposomes
Barr and Helland 2007
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Wax Spray Beads (WSB) vs. aqueousmethods
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Liposome enrichment
Water-solublemarker inaqueous corematerial
Lipid-solublemarker inphospholipidmembrane
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Larval growth trials
Objective: Evaluate effects ofmicroparticle-WSB enriched rotifers on thegrowth of Northern rock sole larvae
Trial 1: Taurine-WSB
Trial 2: Taurine-liposome
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Northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra)
Egg Larva
JuvenileAdult
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Northern rock sole distribution
Image: Fishbase.org
Hatfield Marine ScienceCenter, Newport, Oregon
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Taurine-microparticle feeding trial
Trials occurred during rotiferphase (≈6 weeks)
Larvae grown in 100 L tanks
Flow though system ≈10° C, 35ppt seawater
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Taurine
1. Low concentrations in rotifers
2. Sulfur amino acid
3. Not used in protein synthesis
1. Used for bile salt production,osmoregulation and neuralfunctions
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Liposome equivalent
WSBequivalent
Zooplankton
Taurine enriched rotifers
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Taurine-WSB feeding trial
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Taurine concentrations in enriched rotifers
Note: Rotifers in all treatments were enriched with microparticles (empty or taurine filled)
Equal taurine providedto rotifers
Equal taurine providedto fish larvae
Control Dissolved50 mgtaurine l-1
Taurine-WSB(50 mgtaurine l-1)
Dissolved 4 gtaurine l-1
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Larval growth (DW) during WSB trial
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Taurine-liposome feeding trial
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Equal taurine providedto rotifers
Equal taurine providedto fish larvae
Control Dissolved250 mgtaurine l-1
Taurine-Liposomes(250 mgtaurine l-1)
Dissolved15 gtaurine l-1
Taurine concentrations in enriched rotifers
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Larval growth (DW) during taurine-liposome trial
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Summary
• Microparticles were more efficient for enrichingrotifers with water soluble substances thanimmersion techniques
• Larval rock sole grew better when rotifers wereenriched with elevated concentrations of taurine
• Rock sole fed microparticle-enriched rotifersshowed intermediate growth response whencompared to the aqueous-taurine enrichedrotifers
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Benefits of microparticles
• Reduced costs:– 92% to 95% reduction in materials costs– Reduced time to weaning
• Potential benefits:– Reduction of bacteria in rotifers– Delivery of additional nutrients or
antibiotics/vaccines
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NOAA NationalMarineAquacultureInitiative
USDA: Agricultureand food researchinitiative (AFRI):Competitive grant#2012-67015-19454
Acknowledgements
West CoastAssociation ofMarine Labs:Travel Award
Hatfield StudentOrganization:Travel Award
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Questions?
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• Rotifers in all treatments were fed microparticles(empty or taurine containing)
• ½ of the rotifers fed to fish were fully enriched withAlgamac (taurine concentrations are reported forexperimentally enriched rotifers only, i.e. dietarytaurine concentrations are ½ of those reported
• There was no difference in the growth rates in fishfed 50% Algamac/50% microparticle enrichedrotifers (Controls) when compared to those fed100% Algamac
Lipids
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Taurine leakage from WSB
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Cost (million rotifers-1)