powerpoint author: catherine lumbattis 7/e copyright © 2011 south-western/cengage learning 9...
TRANSCRIPT
PowerPoint Author: Catherine Lumbattis
7/e
COPYRIGHT © 2011 South-Western/Cengage Learning
9
Current Liabilities,Contingencies, and
the Time Value of
Money
Starbucks Corp.Partial Balance Sheet
Liabilities and shareholders' equityCurrent liabilities: Commercial paper and short term borrowings $ 713.0 Accounts payable 324.9 Accrued compensation and related costs 253.6 Accrued occupancy costs 136.1
Accrued taxes 76.1 Insurance reserves 152.5 Other accrued expenses 164.4 Deferred revenue 368.4 Current portion of long term debt .7 Total current liabilities $2,189.7
(in millions)
Requires payment within
one year
September 2008
Selected 2008 Liquidity Ratios
Current Quick Industry Ratio Ratio
Starbucks Food .80 .30Caribou Coffee Food .88 .56Green Mountain Food 2.09 .76
LO1
Accounts PayableAmounts owed for the purchase of inventory, goods, or
services on creditDiscount payment terms offered to encourage early payment
Promissory Note
S.J.Devona
I promise to pay $1,000 plus 12% annualinterest on December 31, 2011.
Date: January 1, 2011
Signed: _________ Hot Coffee Inc.
Total repayment = $1,120 $1,000 + ($1,000 × 12%)
Discounted Promissory NoteIn exchange for $880 received today, I promise to pay $1,000 on December 31, 2011.
Date: January 1, 2011
Signed: _________Hot Coffee, Inc.
Effective interest rate on note = 13.6% ($120 interest/$880 proceeds)
Balance Sheet Presentation of Discounted Notes
1/1/11 12/31/11
Notes Payable $1,000 $1,000Less: Discount on Notes Payable 120 - 0 - Net Liability $ 880 $1,000
Discount transferred to interest expense
over life of note
Current Maturities of Long-term Debt
Principal repayment on borrowings due within one year of balance sheet date
Due in upcoming year
Taxes Payable Record expense when incurred, not when paid
Record 2007 taxexpense
Taxes Paid
12/31/10 3/15/11
LO2
Other Accrued LiabilitiesIncludes any amount that has been incurred duetothe passage of time but has not been paid as ofthe balance sheet dateExamples:Salaries and Wages Interest
Adjusting Entry: Expense XXX
Payable XXX
IFRS and Current LiabilitiesThe U.S. and international standards are generally
similar but there are important differences.Differences:
International accounting standards require companies to present classified balance sheets with liabilities as either current or long term.
An unclassified balance sheet based on the order of liquidity is acceptable only when it provides more reliable information.
U.S. standards do not require a classified balance sheets. U.S. standards permit companies to list liabilities in order by size or by order of liquidity.
Current Liabilities on the Statement of Cash Flows
Operating Activities Net income xxx Increase in current liability + Decrease in current liability – Investing Activities Financing Activities Increase in notes payable + Decrease in notes payable –
LO3
Contingent LiabilitiesObligation involving existing conditionOutcome not known with certaintyDependent upon some future eventActual amount is estimated
LO4
Contingent LiabilitiesAccrue estimated amount if:
• Liability is probable• Amount can be reasonably estimated
In year criteria are met: Expense (loss) XXX
Liability XXX
Recording Contingent Liabilities
Quickkey Computer sells a computer product for $5,000 with a one-year warranty. In 2010, 100 computers were sold for a total sales revenue of $500,000.
Analyzing past records, Quickkey estimates that repairs will average 2% of total sales.
Example:
Recording Contingent Liabilities
Probable liability has been incurred?
Amount reasonably estimable?
Warranty Expense 10,000 Estimated Liability 10,000 (2% X $500,000 sales)
YES
YES
Record in 2010:
Disclosing Contingent Liabilities
IF not probable
but reasonably possible
ORamount not estimable
Disclose in Financial
Statementnotes
Contingent Assets
Contingent gains and assets are not recorded but may be disclosed in financial statement notes
Conservatism principle applies
IFRS and Contingencies International standards use the term “provision” for those
items that must be reported on the balance sheet International standards have a lower threshold for those
items that must be reported so thus more items will be recorded on the balance sheet.
International standards require the amount of the recorded liability be discounted (recorded at present value).
The term “contingent liability” is only used for those items that are footnoted but not for those liabilities reported on the balance sheet.
Time Value of Money
Prefer payment at the present time rather than in the future due to the interest factor
Applicable to both personal and business decisions
Simple Interest
I = P × R × T
Princip
al
Dollar a
mount of
interest per y
ear
Time in
years
Interest rate as a
percentage
LO5
Example of Simple Interest
Given following data: principal amount = $ 3,000 annual interest rate = 10% term of note = 2 years
Calculate interest on the note.
Example of Simple InterestGiven following data:
principal amount = $ 3,000annual interest rate = 10%term of note = 2 years
Calculate interest on the note.
P × R × T $3,000 × .10 × 2 = $ 600
Compound Interest Interest is calculated on principal plus previously accumulated
interest• Interest on interest
Compound interest amount always higher than simple interest due to interest on interest
Example of Interest Compounding
Given following data:
principal amount = $ 3,000
annual interest rate = 10%
term of note = 2 years
semiannual compounding of interest
Calculate interest on note.LO6
Compound Interest Periods
4 periods @ 5% semiannual interest
Year 1 Year 2
10% annually 10% annually
5% + 5%semiannually
5% + 5%semiannually
Example of Interest Compounding
Principal Amount at Beginning Interest at Accumulated
Period of Year 5% per Period at End of Period
1 $3,000 $150 $3,150
2 3,150 158 3,308
3 3,308 165 3,473
4 3,473 174 3,647
Comparing Interest MethodsSimple annual interest: $3,000 × .10 × 2 = $600
Semiannual compounding: 1 $150 2 158 3 165 4 174
Total $647
Compound Interest Computations
Present value of an
annuity
Future value of an
annuity
Present value of a
single amount
Future value of a single
amount
Future Value of Single Amount
Known amount of single payment or
investment Future Value
+ Interest =
Future Value of a Single Amount
If you invest $2,000 today @ 10% compoundinterest, what will it be worth 2 years from now?
Invest $2,000 Future Value = ?
+ Interest @ 10% per year
Year 1 Year 2
Example:
Future Value of a Single Amount Example: Using Tables
FV = Present value × table factor = $2,000 × (2 periods @ 10%)
FV = ??PV = $2,000
Year 1 Year 2
Future Value of $1 (n) 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 15% 1 1.020 1.040 1.060 1.080 1.100 1.120 1.150 2 1.040 1.082 1.124 1.166 1.210 1.254 1.323 3 1.061 1.125 1.191 1.260 1.331 1.405 1.521 4 1.082 1.170 1.262 1.360 1.464 1.574 1.749 5 1.104 1.217 1.338 1.470 1.611 1.762 2.011 6 1.126 1.265 1.419 1.587 1.772 1.974 2.313 7 1.149 1.316 1.504 1.714 1.949 2.211 2.660 8 1.172 1.369 1.594 1.851 2.144 2.476 3.059
Future Value of a Single Amount:
Using Tables
FV = Present value × table factor = $2,000 × (2 periods @ 10%) = $2,000 × 1.210 = $2,420
PV = $2,000
Year 1 Year 2
FV = $2,420
Present Value of a Single Amount
If you will receive $2,000 in two years, what is it worth today (assuming you could invest at 10% compound interest)?
$2,000
Discount @ 10%
Year 1 Year 2
Present Value = ?
Example:
Present Value of a Single Amount: Using Formulas
PV = Future value × (1 + i)–n
= $2,000 × (1.10)–2
= $1,652
Present Value of a Single Amount: Using Tables
PV = Future value × table factor = $2,000 × (2 periods @ 10%)
FV = $2,000PV = ??Year 1 Year 2
Present Value of $1 (n) 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 15% 1 0.980 0.962 0.943 0.926 0.909 0.893 0.870 2 0.961 0.925 0.890 0.857 0.826 0.797 0.756 3 0.942 0.889 0.840 0.794 0.751 0.712 0.658 4 0.924 0.855 0.792 0.735 0.683 0.636 0.572 5 0.906 0.822 0.747 0.681 0.621 0.567 0.497 6 0.888 0.790 0.705 0.630 0.564 0.507 0.432 7 0.871 0.760 0.665 0.583 0.513 0.452 0.376 8 0.853 0.731 0.627 0.540 0.467 0.404 0.327
Present Value of a Single Amount Example – Using
Tables
PV = Future value × table factor = $2,000 × (2 periods @ 10%) = $2,000 × 0.826 = $1,652
PV = $1,652Year 1 Year 2
FV = $2,000
Periods
FutureValue = ?
+ Interest
Future Value of an Annuity
1 2 3 4
$0 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000
Future Value of an Annuity
If we invest $3,000 each year for four years at 10% compound interest, what will it be worth 4 years from now?
$0 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
FV = ??
Example:
$0 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
FV = ??
Future Value of an Annuity
FV = Payment × table factor = $3,000 × (4 periods @ 10%)
Example:
Future Value of Annuity of $1 (n) 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 15% 1 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 2 2.020 2.040 2.060 2.080 2.100 2.120 2.150 3 3.060 3.122 3.184 3.246 3.310 3.374 3.473 4 4.122 4.246 4.375 4.506 4.641 4.779 4.993 5 5.204 5.416 5.637 5.867 6.105 6.353 6.742 6 6.308 6.633 6.975 7.336 7.716 8.115 8.754 7 7.434 7.898 8.394 8.923 9.487 10.089 11.067 8 8.583 9.214 9.897 10.637 11.436 12.300 13.727
Future Value of an Annuity
PV = Payment × table factor = $3,000 × (4 periods @ 10%) = $3,000 × 4.641 = $13,923
$0 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
FV = $13,923
Example:
Present Value of an Annuity
1 2 3 4
$0 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000
Periods
Discount
PresentValue = ?
Present Value of an Annuity
What is the value today of receiving $4,000 at the end of the next 4 years, assuming you can invest at 10% compound annual interest?
$0 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
PV = ??
Example:
$0 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
PV = ??
Present Value of an Annuity
PV = Payment × table factor = $4,000 × (4 periods @ 10%)
Example:
Present Value of Annuity of $1 (n) 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 15% 1 0.980 0.962 0.943 0.926 0.909 0.893 0.870 2 1.942 1.886 1.833 1.783 1.736 1.690 1.626 3 2.884 2.775 2.673 2.577 2.487 2.402 2.283
4 3.808 3.630 3.465 3.312 3.170 3.037 2.855 5 4.713 4.452 4.212 3.993 3.791 3.605 3.352 6 5.601 5.242 4.917 4.623 4.355 4.111 3.784 7 6.472 6.002 5.582 5.206 4.868 4.564 4.160 8 7.325 6.733 6.210 5.747 5.335 4.968 4.487
Present Value of an Annuity
PV = Payment × table factor = $4,000 × (4 periods @ 10%) = $4,000 × 3.170 = $12,680
$0 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
PV = $12,680
Example:
Solving for Unknowns ExampleAssume that you have just purchased a new car for $14,420. Your bank has offered you a 5-year loan, with annual payments of $4,000 due at the end of each year. What is the interest rate being charged on the loan?
LO7
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
$0 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000
DiscountPV = $14,420
Solving for Unknowns Example
PV = Payment × table factor
Table factor = PV/payment
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
$0 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000
PV = $14,420
Rearrange equation to solve for unknown
Solving for Unknowns Example
Table factor = PV/payment = $14,420/$4,000
= 3.605
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
$0 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000 $4,000
PV = $14,420
Present Value of Annuity of $1 (n) 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 15% 1 0.980 0.962 0.943 0.926 0.909 0.893 0.870 2 1.942 1.886 1.833 1.783 1.736 1.690 1.626 3 2.884 2.775 2.673 2.577 2.487 2.402 2.283
4 3.808 3.630 3.465 3.312 3.170 3.037 2.855 5 4.713 4.452 4.212 3.993 3.791 3.605 3.352 6 5.601 5.242 4.917 4.623 4.355 4.111 3.784 7 6.472 6.002 5.582 5.206 4.868 4.564 4.160 8 7.325 6.733 6.210 5.747 5.335 4.968 4.487
The factor of 3.605 equates to an interest rate of 12%
Using Excel Functions Many functions built into Excel®, including PV
and FV calculations Click on the PASTE function (fx) of the Excel
toolbar or the Insert command
FV Function in ExcelFind the FV of a 10% note payable for $2,000, due in 2 years and compounded annually
Example:
Answer:$2,420
PV Function in Excel
How much should you invest now at 10% (compounded annually) in order to have $2,000 in 2 years?
Example:
Answer:$1,653
(rounded)