http://santaferiversprings.com/

• Bonn, M. A. and F. W. Bell. Economic impact of selected Florida springs on surrounding local areas. Florida

Department of Environmental Protection, 2003 (Ichetucknee, Wakulla, Homosassa, Blue springs).

• Bonn, M.A. Visitor profiles, economic impacts, and recreational aesthetic values associated with eight priority

Florida springs located in the St. Johns River Water Management District. St. Johns River Water Management

District, Palatka, FL, 2004 (Silver Glen, Silver, Alexander, Apopka, Bugg, Ponce de Leon, Gemini, Green

springs).

• Foster, C. Valuing preferences for water quality improvement in the Ichetucknee Springs System: A Case Study

from Columbia County, FL. Master Thesis, University of Florida, 2008.

• Huth, W.L. and O.A. Morgan. Measuring the willingness to pay for cave diving. Marine Resource Economics vol.

26, pp 151-166,2011 (Wakulla Springs).

• Morgan, O.A. and W.L. Huth. Using revealed and stated preference data to estimate the scope and access

benefits associated with cave diving. Resource and Energy Economics vol. 33, pp. 107-118, 2011 (Blue Spring,

Jackson County, Florida).

• Knight, R. Ichetucknee Springs & River: A Restoration Action Plan. Howard T. Odum Florida Springs Institute,

2012.

• Shrestha R.L., Alavalapati, J.R.R., Stein T.V., Carter, D.R., and C.B. Denny. Visitor Preferences and Values for

Water-Based Recreation: A Case Study of the Ocala National Forest. Journal of Agricultural and Applied

Economics, 34(3), 547 – 559, 2002 (Sweetwater, Silver Glen, Juniper, Salt Springs).

Credit: map is copied from http://www.saveoursuwannee.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/florida-spreings1.jpg

Tallahassee Jacksonville

Ocala

Gainesville

Lake City

High Springs

Orlando

Expenditure Item(s) IMPLAN Sector Output

(Revenue)

Employment

(jobs/M$)

Labor

Income

Value Added

(GDP)

Indirect

Business

Taxes

Food & beverages

324. Retail Stores - Food and

beverage 2.17 31.4 0.93 1.42 0.22

413. Food services and

drinking places 1.98 28.6 0.68 1.13 0.13

Transportation (gasoline) 326. Retail Stores - Gasoline

stations 2.15 21.8 0.85 1.48 0.20

Diving training 393. Other private

educational services 2.06 30.9 0.76 1.27 .007

Private springs entry fees,

diving gear rentals

410. Other amusement and

recreation industries 2.08 32.0 0.73 1.31 0.18

Lodging

411. Hotels and motels,

including casino hotels 2.11 21.5 0.66 1.20 0.16

412. Other accommodations 2.12 25.3 0.68 1.14 0.11

Public springs entry fees 432. Other state and local

government enterprises 2.03 15.1 0.63 1.07 0.05

Multipliers for the North-Central Florida Study Area

Multipliers denominated in dollars per dollar output, except employment is jobs per million dollars output.

Spending in retail trade sectors is margined.

Site / Activity

Number

visitors

annually

Number

diving

visitors

annually

Share of

customers

from outside

local area

Total

Spending

Manatee Springs State Park 142,641 2,573 70% $10,626,084

Fanning Springs State Park 293,303 10% $21,029,839

Ichetucknee Springs State Park 177,543 108 70% $13,096,587

Lafayette Blue Springs State Park 33,684 6 70% $2,416,044

Peacock Springs State Park 13,887 11,804 70% $2,825,392

Troy Spring State Park 11,293 8,470 70% $2,122,519

Little River Spring County Park 11,025 4,380 70% $1,469,393

Hart Springs 35,000 200 40% $2,540,500

Ginnie Springs 190,000 15,000 70% $17,313,000

Blue Springs 41,000 70% $3,185,700

Hornsby Springs 20,000 50% $1,554,000

Blue Grotto 13,000 13,000 90% $3,415,100

Devil's Den 5,000 1,665 75% $739,955

Santa Fe River Canoing (outfitters) 8,380 60% $730,526

Total All Springs 995,756 57,206 $83,064,639

Expense Item Amount (Million $)

Private spring entry fees $3.40

Public park entry fees $2.87

Transportation (fuel) $23.30

Hotels / motels $11.25

Other accommodations $11.25

Restaurants $10.80

Food & beverage stores $10.80

Gear rental and diving gasses $7.66

Diver training $1.72

Total $83.06

Total Spending by Non-Local Visitors $45.10

Activity / Business Employment

(jobs)

Output

($1000)

Value added

($1000)

Labor

Income

($1000)

Indirect

Business

Taxes

($1000)

Manatee Springs State Park 143 $11,696 $6,633 $3,889 $821

Fanning Springs State Park 185 $14,265 $7,533 $4,392 $1,158

Ichetucknee Springs State Park 174 $14,332 $8,116 $4,759 $1,011

Lafayette Blue Springs State Park 31 $2,598 $1,464 $861 $181

Peacock Springs State Park 65 $4,282 $2,604 $1,473 $336

Troy Spring State Park 48 $3,175 $1,926 $1,091 $248

Little River Spring County Park 29 $2,042 $1,221 $697 $156

Hart Springs 28 $2,245 $1,237 $724 $167

Ginnie Springs 293 $21,155 $12,458 $7,158 $1,672

Blue Springs 48 $3,599 $2,086 $1,209 $281

Hornsby Springs 21 $1,539 $882 $508 $126

Blue Grotto 90 $6,024 $3,712 $2,099 $474

Devil's Den 16 $1,089 $660 $374 $88

Santa Fe River Canoing 11 $821 $480 $275 $68

Total All Springs 1,183 $88,861 $51,011 $29,508 $6,786

Source: Partially based on Huth B. and A. Morgan. Diving Demand and Economic Impact for Public Resources. Presentation for Jackson Blue Spring Basin Working Group, Marianna, FL 2010

*Indexed to 2013 dollars using Implicit Price Deflator for Gross Domestic Product (U.S. Department of Commerce , 2014)

Silver Glen Spring

Orlando Sentinel / May 23, 1997

www.orlandosentinel.com

Source: Shrestha et al. 2002. Visitor Preferences and Values for Water-Based Recreation: A

Case Study of the Ocala National Forest. Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics,

34(3), 547 – 559

*Indexed from to 2013 dollars using Implicit Price Deflator for Gross Domestic Product (U.S. Department of Commerce , 2014)

Credit: http://cojodiving.wordpress.com/2011/05/10/cojo-goes-to-florida-cave-diving/

Jackson Blue Spring

Site

Number of Visitors (annually) Total Consumer

Surplus

($1000)** Total Diving Extended /

Overnight* Day

Manatee Springs State Park 142,641 2,573 14,007 126,061 $1,399

Fanning Springs State Park 293,303 29,330 263,973 $2,036

Ichetucknee Springs State Park 177,543 108 17,744 159,692 $1,250

Lafayette Blue Springs State Park 33,684 6 3,368 30,310 $235

Peacock Springs State Park 13,887 11,804 208 1,875 $1,974

Troy Spring State Park 11,293 8,470 282 2,541 $1,426

Little River Spring County Park 11,025 4,380 665 5,981 $773

Hart Springs 35,000 200 3,480 31,320 $275

Ginnie Springs 190,000 15,000 17,500 157,500 $3,705

Blue Springs 41,000 4,100 36,900 $285

Hornsby Springs 20,000 2,000 18,000 $139

Blue Grotto 13,000 13,000 0 0 $2,158

Devil's Den 5,000 1,665 334 3,002 $300

Santa Fe River Canoeing 8,380 838 7,542 $58

Total All Springs 995,756 57,206 93,855 844,695 $16,011

* 10% of visitors (excluding divers); ** Consumer surplus per person per trip: $166 for divers (Shrestha et al. 2002); $12.17 for extended visitors; $6.36 for day visitors (Morgan and Huth 2011)

Activity / Business Output Impact

($1000)

Consumer

Surplus

($1000)

Total Economic

Value

($1000)

Manatee Springs State Park $11,696 $1,399 $13,095

Fanning Springs State Park $14,265 $2,036 $16,301

Ichetucknee Springs State Park $14,332 $1,250 $15,582

Lafayette Blue Springs State Park $2,598 $235 $2,833

Peacock Springs State Park $4,282 $1,974 $6,256

Troy Spring State Park $3,175 $1,426 $4,601

Little River Spring County Park $2,042 $773 $2,815

Hart Springs $2,245 $275 $2,520

Ginnie Springs $21,155 $3,705 $24,860

Blue Springs $3,599 $285 $3,884

Hornsby Springs $1,539 $139 $1,678

Blue Grotto $6,024 $2,158 $8,182

Devil's Den $1,089 $300 $1,389

Santa Fe River Canoing $821 $58 $879

Total All Springs $88,861 $16,011 $104,872

Source: based on Casey et al., 2008. A Preliminary Assessment of the Economic Benefits of Land Conservation Areas in Florida. Defenders of Wildlife.

Category Benefit

Use values

Direct use values Recreation (e.g., scenery viewing, canoeing / kayaking)

Social, religious, and spiritual events

Education and research

Nature-related art, crafts, and publications (e.g., calendars, books, TV shows, etc.)

Consumptive non-recreation use: water bottling

Indirect use values Hydrological services Nitrogen cycle Biodiversity maintenance (including rare, threatened, and endangered species) Habitat provision

Option value Possibility to engage in direct use of the resource in the future

Passive use values (Non-use values)

Existence value Appreciation of the scenic beauty of the springs

Stewardship value Appreciation of the fact that this scenic beauty and natural systems are actively managed and are…

Bequest value … passed to future generations

Head Springs, Ichetucknee

http://www.springsrus.com/water_places.aspx

*Indexed from to 2013 dollars using Implicit Price Deflator for Gross Domestic Product (U.S. Department of Commerce , 2014)

Source: Foster C. 2008. Valuing preferences for water quality improvement in the Ichetucknee Springs System: A Case Study from Columbia County, FL. Master Thesis, University of Florida.

Credit: David Doubilet, Ginnie Springs Florida (1992). (http://www.phaidon.com/agenda/photography/picture-galleries/2011/december/13/into-the-deep-blue-yonder/?idx=10)