Cells An Introduction:

Let’s look at some cells!

(most images come from Campbell Biology the soap comes from

http://www.newciv.org/nl/newslog.php/_v434/__show_article/_a000434-000003.htm)

Differences

Plant • Cell wall

• Chloroplasts

• Large Vacuole

• no flagella

• no centriols

• no lysosomes

Animal • no cell wall

• no chloroplasts

• generally no large vacuole

• Flagella (in some plant sperm)

• Centrioles

• Lysosomes

Similarities

• Nucleus (therefore both are Eukaryotes)

• Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Mitochondria

• Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria

• Fuel organelle of cells

• Burn glucose to make ATP (a more

usable energy source)

• more mitochondria in muscle cells

(more energy is needed in muscles)

• Double Membrane

• Bacterial DNA (not Eukaryotic DNA)

Chloroplasts

• Found only in plants

• Where photosynthesis takes place

• Photosynthesis (light + to make)

• Double Membrane

• Bacterial DNA (not Eukaryotic DNA)

Note: the chloroplasts

are green.

Why are they green?

Hint: They contain

Cloro______

(means green leaf)

Double Membranes

Bacterial DNA • Double membranes are strong evidence for evolution.

Why?

• The theory is that bacteria specializing in photosynthesis and energy production were “swallowed” by another cell (endocytosis). Symbiosis between the ‘swallower’ and the ‘swallowed’ helped both to survive. Eventually the ‘swallowed’ lost their ability to survive outside on their own.

• The nucleus also has a double membrane indicating that it was “swallowed” as well. It specializes in storing information in the form of DNA. This specialization is why its DNA is not looped like bacterial DNA (Is it a better way?)

Cytoskeleton

• made of microtubules and

microfilaments

Flagella and Cilia

• Flagella - long, thin, and whip-like

• move in wave-like “S” motion.

• Cilia - more numerous and shorter

• move back and forth (row boat like)

How do they do it?

They use energy to

make a small

change in the

structure of the

actual “whip” or

“oar”

End

Protein Synthesis Overview

Really the End