powerpoint presentation - genomics, proteomics and...
TRANSCRIPT
Genomics The complete set of DNA found in each cell is
known as the genome Most crop plant genomes have billions of
nucleotide bases Arabidopsis thaliana has 120 million bases that
encode approximately 25,000 genes The entire Arabidopsis genome was sequenced in
2000
Other Plant Genomes are being sequenced
Large scale sequencing: rice, alfalfa Grass ESTs: rice, maize, barley, wheat,
millet, sorghum, forage grasses Dicot ESTs: alfalfa, bean, beet, cassava,
cotton, lettuce, potato, rapeseed, soybean, sunflower, tomato, ice plant
Tree ESTs: apple, cherry, pine, poplar
Functional Genomics
Determining the role of genes through gene disruption (knockouts, underexpression and overexpression
Many genes have multiple copies
Proteomics
The complete set of proteins found in each cell is known as the proteome
Approximately 25,000 proteins in a plant cell
Proteins concentration (and activity) may be different than gene expression due to post-translational modification
Metabolomics The complete set of metabolites (5000 +)
found in each cell is known as the metabolome
Use high-throughput mass spectrometry to analyze the metabolic components of the cell
Useful for determining the effects of the environment or gene transformation on the metabolism of the plant
Transgenic and Environmental Effects on Potato
Able to measure 88 metabolites in one sample
Used different transgenic plants altered in sucrose metabolism
Able to distinguish individual genotypes based upon their metabolic profile
Roessner et al. 2001 Plant Cell 13:11-29
Transgenic and environmental influences on some metabolites
Roessner et al. 2001 Plant Cell 13:11-29
Bioinformatics
The analysis of large volumes of genomic, proteomic and metabolomic data requiring sophisticated algorithms and powerful computers
Rapidly evolving field with an extreme shortage of skilled workers to write programs and analyze data