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Education WRAITECBy Siyuan, Jonah, Rayson, Pinjia


Introduction

Topic: Use of Info-Communication Technology in Education

About: As Globalization breaks the boundaries for knowledge and learning, more and more schools in Singapore are finding it increasingly attractive and beneficial to incorporate the use of Info-Communication Technology in the education process.


Introduction

About: However, many claim that the use of ICT in Education is in fact, detrimental to the process of learning as it may prove to be a major source of distraction and may lead to the loss of a variety of essential skills.

Claim: Our group believes that even though negative effects of the use of ICT exists, the pros greatly outweigh the cons. Hence, schools should increase the use of ICT in the education process.


What

What is Education?

Education is the process where knowledge, values, skills and key experiences are passed on from one individual to another,

Resulting in a formative effect on the mind, character and physical ability of the person.


What

What is Info-Communication Technology?

Also know as ICT, it includes a range of technological devices used for gathering, storing, retrieving, processing, analysing and transmitting information.

Educational purposes includes: Long-distance learning, Video-conferencing, Instant and borderless gathering of knowledge. Etc.


What

Examples of ICT

Examples include:


Why

Why is it implemented?

The use of ICT in schools was introduced because of the benefits associated with ICT.

1. It allows students access to more knowledge as they surf through the limitless sea of knowledge and information on the internet.


Why

2. It allows in greater efficiency in the process of educating and learning.

ICT makes these processes easier and faster for both teachers and students. For example: Calculations, Search for information and Data Transmittions can be done almost instantaneously.


Why

3. It destroys the barriers and boundaries to education.

ICT breaks the barriers of Time and Space in the process of Education. Whether you are a long distance away, or you are unwell during a schoolday, ICT allows education to be conducted nonetheless.


Why

3. It makes to process of learning more engaging and interesting.

ICT allows education to be conducted through a variety of platforms and often in the form of multimedia. This is especially appealing to Gen X and Y students.


Assumptions

What are some of the assumptions we are making?

1.We are assuming that students are disciplined enough to ignore the distractions.

2.We are assuming that ICT is beneficial and appeals to all types of students with distinct ways of learning


Assumptions

What are some of the assumptions we are making?

3. We are assuming that all students are able to afford these ICTs.

4. We are assuming that the all teachers are sufficiently technologically equipped to educate using ICT.


Implications

Although the use of ICT brings about many benefits and add many new dimensions to the process of learning, it has its negative implications:

1. It risks exposure of undesirable materials to students.


Implications

2. In the process of learning, students may get distracted by the various modes of entertainment offered by ICT.

3. Students may become over-reliant on ICT and lose essential skills like: Writing, Reading books, Finding books in the library and mental calculation.


Implications

4. Students may become unmotivated to learn as the learning process becomes too easy and simply mechanical (e.g. Using Google or Yahoo Answers)


Truthfulness of Claim


Examples: Hwa Chong Institution

One prime example would be the Future School Programme in Hwa Chong Institution.

Students who are identified to possess self-discipline and good attitude are chosen to participate in the Future School Programme. In this programme, a portion of lessons are conducted online.


Examples: NYGH

Next, Nanyang Girls High School also uses ITC in the form of iPads to conduct their online lesson.

"Ipads make learning a lot more convenient as it allows us to research on anything the teacher just mentioned it class"-Quoted by Anonymous NYGH Student


Examples: NYGH

Lastly, the fact that this presentation is also done using ICT is an example of its importance and effectiveness in the process of Education.


Counter-Examples

However, there are also counter-examples to prove the disadvantages of using ITC in education:

Here’s another statement by an anonymous NYGH student:“Students can be easily distracted to do things that are not related to the subject as internet access is readily available."


The Rise of IP Schools in Singapore


Good Or Bad?


WRAITEC

• What?

• Reasons?

• Assumptions?

• Impact?

• Truth?

• Examples?

• Counter Examples?


IP Schools

• IP stands for Integrated Programme

• Previously known as “Through-Train” Programme• Provides a 4-year OR 6-year Program• Bypass “O” levels and take “A” levels or International Baccalaureate or an equivalent examination.


What?• What problems will the IP schools present?

– To society?• Two obvious groups of people in the

society with a major difference in aspects like intelligence

– To students?• Tenser competition, more stress, reduced

healthy competition.– To parents?

• Less time to communicate with children in IP schools


What?• What is the structure of the Integrated Programme?

– 4-year “O” level and 2-year “A” level education OR– 2-year “O” level and 4-year “A” level education– Takes GCE “A” levels at the end of 6 years, at the

local age of 18, OR– Adopting the International Baccalaureate, a holistic

program with the two art subjects as core subjects, together with sciences, philosophy and extensive research papers


Reasons?

• What are the aims of IP schools?– Benefits?

• Allow more time to be allocated to enrichment activities

• More broadly-based education• More flexibility in curriculum to meet the needs of

students


Reasons?

• What is the rationale of IP schools?– To experiment on top performers of the PSLE

with a different education system– To provide more opportunities for students


Assumptions• We are assuming that all students have the financial

capability to enroll in IP schools• We are assuming that the students in IP schools are self

disciplined and manage their time well• Are we sure that IP students are able to put what is

learnt into good usage?• Can we safely assume the teachers in IP schools are

able to teach a broader based curriculum? • We are assuming that the DSA tests are really capable

of determining the student’s prospects


Impact

• What are the possible impacts of the rise of IP schools?– Positive Impacts?– Negative Impacts?

• If IP schools continue rising, how will the education scheme of Singapore be affected?– Will MOE increase the difficulty of the mainstream

curriculum to minimize the gap?


Impact

• Nothing to back you up if you fail the “A” levels– No certificate– No opportunities for getting a good job– No say or stand in society


Truths

• IP schools have been producing academically talented people

• IP schools have a very low retain rate

• The DSA system allows students who pass the DSA only requiring minimal amount of PSLE score to enter


Examples

• Number of Presidential Scholars(All IP schools):– Raffles Instituition: 82– Hwa Chong Instituition: 50– National Junior College: 45


Counter-Examples

• Some weaker IP students who are unable to cope with the IP programme are neglected – “O” level-classes– Supplementary lessons everyday– Do not enjoy benefits like the rest do. (Home

learning)


Exam meritocracy vs. Talent meritocracy


What?• What is exam meritocracy?• It is a “reward for work, work for reward” system

predicated on academic achievement.• What is talent meritocracy?• It is a “reward for work, work for reward” system

predicated on talent achievement.• What are the government policies that encourage

exam and talent meritocracies?• Streaming• What is the public opinion towards exam and talent

meritocracy?


Reasons?• Why was exam meritocracy introduced?• To have a standardized form of assessment.• Why was talent meritocracy introduced?• Identify talents that can serve the country• Why is exam meritocracy prevalent in

Singapore’s education system?• Knowledge-based, manufacturing industries• Why do these systems meet public

skepticism?• Flaws


Assumptions?• Are we assuming that the prevalence of a form

of meritocracy in the education system results in people placing more emphasis correspondingly?

• Are we assuming all students engaged in this ‘race’ start from the same starting line?


Implications/Impacts• The creation of a over-competitive academia?• Prejudices against situated at both ends of the

spectrum?• Over-emphasis on exam meritocracy leads to

talents being undeveloped?• The formation of a hierarchical structure where the

less intellectual individuals lie at the substratum of the hierarchy where the elites constitute the apex of the structure?

• Over-competitiveness leads to unhealthy unbalance between work life and quality life?


The Truth• There is more governmental emphasis on exam

meritocracy than talent meritocracy in Singapore

• People do not start from the same starting line

• Exam meritocracy results in over-emphasis on academia

• Meritocracy creates an environment of competition

• Talent meritocracy creates an elitist structure


Examples• There are exam-orientated schools than talent-orientated

schools• 63.4% of Harvard students come from families with

income US $8,000 and above• More time and energy is devoted to academic pursuit

than co-curricular activities / interests in personal life • Streaming and elite schools based on PSLE aggregate

score• CSE


Counter-examples• Ones at the lower end of the spectrum• Normal / Technical Stream, Non-gifted stream,

Talent Streams (SOTA, NUS High, SSS)• SSS’s enrollment criteria (Express Stream)

• Existence of friendly competitions (win-win)

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