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UNESCO social and human SciencesTRANSCRIPT
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School of P lanning and Architecture New DelhiWednesday 24 August 2011
UNESCO Social and Human Sciences
BUILDING INCLUSIVE CITIES
Marina FaetaniniProgramme SpecialistSocial and Human Sciences SectorUNESCO HOUSE, New Delhi
Dr. Shipra Narang SuriInternational urban consultantNew Delhi
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I - BUILDING INCLUSIVE CITIESOur aim:Contribute to urban public policies which respect, protect and promote inclusiveness, social cohesion and local democracy
Our work:Develop multi-disciplinary knowledge and comparative research, to build capacity among urban professionals and the civil society, and the dissemination of good practices on social integration in urban settings
Our framework:Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)UNESCO/UN-HABITAT flagship principle of Humanizing the City (2005)United Nations Social Summit Declaration in Copenhagen Creating Inclusive Societies (1995) Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlements (1996)Millennium Development Goals (MDG 1 Poverty)
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WHAT WE DO: Develop a rights-based approach to urbanisation in India
Generate the political will and create a political culture of resource allocation that places the needs of the urban poor at the front row
Address a major social transformation from (mostly) rural India to (mostly) urban India India`s urban population increased from 17% in
1950 (63,4 million) to 31% in 2011 (377 million). In 2050, the urban population will exceed 875
million (54.2%) Urban areas contribute about 65% of the Gross
Domestic Product (GDP)
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Address the negative impacts of the urbanisation and development process: impoverishment, expansion of slums, shortage of decent housing, migration, social exclusion
Only 41% of urban households live in a house whose structure is fully consolidated
37 % of urban households have only one room to live in
35% of urban households have no access to drinkable water in their premises
26% of urban households have no latrine in their house
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The timing is right.
New policy initiatives combining urban development with social equity and justice are on the rise:
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) (2005) NiJNNURM in the pipeline
National Urban Housing and Habitat Policy (2007)
Rajiv Awas Yojana (Slum-free City) (2009) National Urban Poverty Reduction Strategy
(2010 2020): A New Deal for the Urban Poor - Slum free cities
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BUILDING INCLUSIVE CITIES
OUR FOCUS: ADVOCACY TOOLS, POLICY PAPERS, RESEARCH
MOST Policy Paper : URBAN POLICIES AND THE RIGHT TO THE CITY IN INDIA -Rights, responsibilit ies and citizenship
September 2008 March 2009 October 2010 2011
Specific to India Generic
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UNESCO/UN-HABITAT Toolkit Historic Districts for All India A Social and Human Approach for Sustainable Revitalisation
Comprising of a Manual, a Brochure and a CD-rom
Intended to promote and support the revitalisation of historic districts in India with a social and human perspective in mind
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UNESCO/UN-HABITAT Toolkit Historic Districts for All India A Social and Human Approach for Sustainable RevitalisationThe Toolkit aims to:
Promote an interdisciplinary approach to urban revitalization that takes into account the principles of sustainable development, social equity and justice
Raise awareness among key decision-makers, particularly at state and local level, on the role they can play to prevent social exclusion (e.g. of migrants, lower castes), gentrification, or ghettoisation
Help decision-makers and stakeholders to improve their methods of intervention through the presentation and discussion of methodological issues, concrete tools and international references
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CONSERVATION TRENDS IN INDIA
Past approacheso Monument-based conservationo Planning focus on greenfield developmento Fragmented governance framework vis--
vis heritageo Laissez-faire in historic zones
Emerging trendso Beyond the monument Heritage zoneso Tangible and intangible heritageo Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)o Yet - continued emphasis on architecture
and spatial morphology
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Case Study - Ahmedabad
o Revitalization of the walled city led by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC)
o Focus on protection of tangible and intangible heritage, as well as improvement of living conditions
o Collaboration with a wide range of national and international agencies, local associations etc
o Establishment of heritage cell, adoption of various measures in building and zoning regulations
o Initiation of a Heritage Walko Considerable emphasis on heritage in the City
Development Plan
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Case Study - Puducherry
o Former French-ruled territory comprising French town and Tamil town
o Over 500 historic buildings razed during 1994-2002
o Multi-pronged approach of conservation efforts since 2002
o Range of activities to revive the economy and encourage historic conservation of public and private buildings
o Conservation activities integrated with broader planning process
o Broad-based consultation and partnership-building
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Social and Human Revitalization of Historic Districts in India: What Challenges?
o Poverty, migration and social exclusion, ghettoisation
o Overlapping of heritage, urban poverty, slumso Inadequate housing, poor infrastructure,
deteriorating living environmento Land tenure, ownership and tenancyo Legislation and policyo Weak urban governance and conflicting interests,
gentrification
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Revitalizing: What to Revitalize?Priorities?
o Meet the basic needs of the poor population (water, sanitation, housing, health care, education)
o Enhance public spaces and the urban environmento Create employment, both formal and informalo Oppose property speculation and spatial segregation o Support local democracy and encourage participation of
usually excluded groups (women, informal workers, migrants)
o Establish community mediators for the prevention of conflicts
o Improve quality of (and access to) infrastructure and services
o Maintain identity and traditionso Encourage creativity and cultural tourism
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Revitalizing How? With Whom?
Many current actors and stakeholders are very much linked to a narrow conservationist approach: involve a wider range of governmental and non-governmental actors
Reflect on the long term impact of your revitalization project: needs of present and future generations?
Promote or request trainings adapted to the local context, involving wide range of stakeholders
Establish a nodal agency or heritage cell for overall coordination
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Success Factors (1)
Historic districts are not viewed as optional extra but as central to the development vision of the city
The needs and priorities of the living communities are taken into account: revitalization is not just preservation, sanitation and beautification
Local stakeholders are integrally involved in the process
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Success Factors (2)
Public spaces are created or maintained; they are accessible to all citizens (sense of pride and belonging to a unique city)
Tourism is not seen as the sole strategy and goal of the development of historic districts (multi-use approach is developed)
Revitalization process, including for financial resource mobilization, is a collaborative effort involving all (private, public, communities)
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Thank you
Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
Email: [email protected], [email protected]
Website: www.unesco.org/newdelhi; www.unesco.org/shs
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.unesco.org/shs
School of Planning and Architecture New Delhi Wednesday 24 August 2011Our aim: Contribute to urban public policies which respect, protect and promote inclusiveness, social cohesion and local democracyOur work: Develop multi-disciplinary knowledge and comparative research, to build capacity among urban professionals and the civil society, and the dissemination of good practices on social integration in urban settingsOur framework:Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)UNESCO/UN-HABITAT flagship principle of Humanizing the City (2005)United Nations Social Summit Declaration in Copenhagen Creating Inclusive Societies (1995) Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlements (1996)Millennium Development Goals (MDG 1 Poverty)OUR FOCUS: ADVOCACY TOOLS, POLICY PAPERS, RESEARCHSlide Number 7Slide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Slide Number 11Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Thank you