Chemistry and Matter

Chemistry- The study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and changes they undergo.

Chemistry and Matter

Chemistry- The study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and changes they undergo.

Chemistry and Matter

Chemistry- The study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and changes they undergo.

Chemical – any substance that has a definite composition (in terms of atoms that compose it)

Chemistry and Matter

Chemistry- The study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and changes they undergo.

Chemical – any substance that has a definite composition (in terms of atoms that compose it)

BranchesBranches

Organic Inorganic

Analytical Biochemical

Physical Nuclear

Chemistry and Matter

Chemistry- The study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and changes they undergo.

Chemical – any substance that has a definite composition (in terms of atoms that compose it)

BranchesBranches

Organic Inorganic

Analytical Biochemical

Physical Nuclear

Scientific RolesScientific Roles

Basic Research

Applied Research

Technological Application

Scientific MethodScientific Method

What is it???Logical, systematic approach to solve a problem

Scientific MethodScientific Method

What is it???Logical, systematic approach to solve a problem

Four Steps:

1. Observe - collect data (qualitative – description /

quantitative – numerical)

2. Hypothesize – proposed explanation that is

testable

3. Test/Experiment – is the hypothesis correct?

4. Theorize – generalization that explains fact

or phenomenon

Weight vs. Mass Are they the Same?

Weight vs. Mass Are they the Same?

Weight Mass

By definition they are different…

Weight vs. Mass Are they the Same?Weight – measure of the earth’s gravitational attraction for matter

Mass – measure of the quantity of “matter”

Weight Mass

By definition they are different…

Weight vs. Mass Are they the Same?Weight – measure of the earth’s gravitational attraction for matter

Mass – measure of the quantity of “matter”

Weight Mass

By definition they are different…How would your weight change on the moon?

On a mountain top? On the Sea floor?

Weight vs. Mass Are they the Same?Weight – measure of the earth’s gravitational attraction for matter

Mass – measure of the quantity of “matter”

Weight Mass

By definition they are different…

Matter 1. Occupies space and has mass

2. Displays inertia (resistance to change in motion)(Coin and index card example)

How would your weight change on the moon? On a mountain top? On the Sea floor?

Weight vs. Mass Are they the Same?Weight – measure of the earth’s gravitational attraction for matter

Mass – measure of the quantity of “matter”

Weight Mass

By definition they are different…

Matter 1. Occupies space and has mass

2. Displays inertia (resistance to change in motion)

Law of Conservation of Matter – mass cannot be created nor destroyed

How would your weight change on the moon? On a mountain top? On the Sea floor?

Matter

Pure Substances Mixtures

Let’s breakdown…

Matter

Pure Substances Mixtures

Elements

1 type of atom

Compounds

2 or more types of atoms bonded

Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture

1 phase 2 or more phases

(Solution)

Matter

Pure Substances Mixtures

Elements

1 type of atom

Compounds

2 or more types of atoms bonded

Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture

1 phase 2 or more phases

(Solution)

Remember:Remember: Bonded together Just mixed up

Mixed chunks you can see (not uniform)

Mixed up completely (uniform)

Whole # ratios

uniform and definite composition

physical blend of two or more components

Properties of Matter

Chemical Property – relates to substance’s ability to undergo change that transforms it into a different substance (change in matter)

Properties of Matter

Chemical Property – relates to substance’s ability to undergo change that transforms it into a different substance (change in matter)

Physical Property – characteristic that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance (no change in matter)

Properties of Matter

Chemical Property – relates to substance’s ability to undergo change that transforms it into a different substance (change in matter)

Physical Property – characteristic that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance (no change in matter)

Extensive – depends on the amount of a substance present (ex. Length, mass, volume, solubility)

Intensive – does not depend on the amount of a substance present (ex. Density, malleability, ductility, conductivity, color, melting point, boiling point (state of matter) – see next slide…

SOLID LIQUID GASHas its own

shapeTakes shape of

containerFills container

Highest density Middle density Lowest density

Not compressible

Not compressible

Compressible

Little movement

Some movement

Rapid movement

Physical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change

•does not change chemical character/composition of the substance

•ex. Pounding…tearing into pieces…pulling…melting a substance…heating…boiling a substance

Physical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change

•does not change chemical character/composition of the substance

•ex. Pounding…tearing into pieces…pulling…melting a substance…heating…boiling a substance

Chemical Change

•produces a substance with new chemical properties

•Ex. rxn with H2O…rxn with acid or base…combustion

Physical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change

•does not change chemical character/composition of the substance

•ex. Pounding…tearing into pieces…pulling…melting a substance…heating…boiling a substance

Chemical Change

•produces a substance with new chemical properties

•Ex. rxn with H2O…rxn with acid or base…combustion

Indications of a Chemical Change:

1. Change in energy

Endothermic – energy is absorbed (feels cold)

Exothermic – energy is released (feels hot)

Physical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change vs. Chemical ChangePhysical Change

•does not change chemical character/composition of the substance

•ex. Pounding…tearing into pieces…pulling…melting a substance…heating…boiling a substance

Chemical Change

•produces a substance with new chemical properties

•Ex. rxn with H2O…rxn with acid or base…combustion

Indications of a Chemical Change:

1. Change in energy

Endothermic – energy is absorbed (feels cold)

Exothermic – energy is released (feels hot)

2. Production of gas

3. Change in color

4. Formation of a precipitate (solid)

Speaking of …

EnergyEnergy Ability to do work

2 Types are below2 Types are below

Speaking of …

EnergyEnergy Ability to do work

2 Types are below2 Types are below

Potential Energy – energy due to its position or composition

TNT

Speaking of …

EnergyEnergy Ability to do work

2 Types are below2 Types are below

Potential Energy – energy due to its position or composition

Kinetic Energy – energy in motion

TNT

Periodic Table of Periodic Table of ElementsElements

Periodic Table of Periodic Table of ElementsElements

Non - metals(On this side of the blue staircase)

Metals(On this side of the blue staircase)

blue staircase

Metalloids(Touch the blue staircase)

Periodic Table of Periodic Table of ElementsElements

Non - metals(On this side of the blue staircase)

Metals(On this side of the blue staircase)

blue staircase

18 Groups(Vertical columns)

7 Periods(Horizontal columns)

Metalloids(Touch the blue staircase)

The First TestThe First Test - UUUHHHG! - UUUHHHG! What is on it?What is on it?

~Chapter 1 notes

~Lab Safety Knowledge

~Lab Equipment Identification

~Lab Objectives (what did I learn in each lab?)

~Chapter 1 – Textbook

How should I prepare?

~Read over all the notes – know material

~Lab Safety handout – read over it to refresh your memory

~Labs – read over each to refresh your memory

~Lab Equipment – memorize names of pieces correct spelling

~Read Chapter 1 – one last time to pull all the ideas together

What is the test like?

~ Mostly multiple choice (recognition)

~The equipment part is fill in the blank (recall)(correct spelling)